However, data in recent years is beginning to bring into focus that many prostate tumors display substantial amounts of genetic heterogeneity, leading to differential mortality rates.
as well as identifying a new gene subgroup acting as a molecular driver for tumor progression. ur research shows how prostate cancers can vary from one man to anotherespite the same pathology under the microscopes well as how it can vary within one man who may have multiple
tumor types in his prostate, "explained Robert Bristow, M d.,Ph d.,clinician-scientist at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre,
The investigators carefully analyzed the genetic backgrounds of each tumor sample, assigning individual aggression scores to the discreet cancer foci regions they identified.
Dr. Bristow and his colleagues identified two members of the MYC oncogene family that played essential roles in tumor development.
which has already been implicated in lung cancer development, playing a critical role in tumor progression.""This discovery of a new prostate cancer-causing gene gives researchers a new avenue to explore the biology of the disease
"By showing that mutations in prostate cancer vary spatially in different regions of a tumor,
"This allowed us to find a drug that targeted ULK1 not just in a test tube but also in tumor cells.
Our work provides the basis for a novel drug that will treat resistant cancer by cutting off a main tumor cell survival process. i
and in human tumor cells in the lab, showed that a specific drug can stop cancer cells without causing damage to healthy cells or leading to other severe side effects.
In fact, this is how doctors use positron emission tomography to scan images to spot tumors. PET scans highlight the glucose that cancer cells have accumulated.
In a paper (road Anti-tumor Activity of a Small Molecule that Selectively Targets the Warburg Effect and Lipogenesis published in Cancer cell
Dr. Burris reports that the Warburg effect is the metabolic foundation of oncogenic growth, tumor progression,
and metastasis as well as tumor resistance to treatment.""Cancer cells look for metabolic pathways to find the parts to grow and divide.
and in human tumor cells grown in animal models. Because the Warburg pathway is a feature of almost every kind of cancer,
"It works in a wide range of cancers both in culture and in human tumors developing in animal models,"explained Dr. Burris."
"In human tumors grown in animal models, it reportedly worked well on lung, prostate, and colorectal cancers and, to a lesser degree, in ovarian and pancreatic cancers."
which was carried out on human tumor samples and mouse models, is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
which has been linked to a range of tumors in different body organs. The mitotic spindle is responsible for sharing the chromosomes
Cutting off a cancer cell ood supplyis a veritable lynchpin for the efficient removal of tumors and now researchers at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center believe they may have found a protein that serves that very function.
and also serve to protect cells from the transformation into tumors.""We know that all cancers grow by learning how to reprogram their metabolism,
and reverses tumor-promoting metabolic programs.""The findings from this study were published recently in Nature Communications through an article entitled ell cycle regulator 14-3-3s opposes
such as p53 and suppress tumor growth, but in this instance the investigators were able to observe the protein acting on metabolic pathways
Dr. Lee and his team showed that 14-3-3s opposed tumor-promoting metabolic programs by increasing the degradation of the transcription factor c-Myc.
as well as a range of other major metabolic processes of tumors.""14-3-3s expression levels can help predict overall and recurrence-free survival rates, tumor glucose uptake,
and metabolic gene expression in breast cancer patients,"explained Dr. Lee.""These results highlight that 14-3-3s is an important regulator of tumor metabolism,
and loss of 14-3-3s expression is critical for cancer metabolic reprogramming.""The MD Anderson team is excited about the findings from this new study
"We anticipate that pharmacologically elevating 14-3-3s's function in tumors could be a promising direction for targeted anticancer metabolism therapy development in the future,"concluded Dr. Lee r
but activate the body's own immune system to stave off harmful tumors. The clinical trial was conducted across 64 research centers around the world
What's more, T-VEC is designed also to produce a molecule known as GM-CSF that moves the body's immune system to destroy tumors
or face so that tumors can be removed from the pituitary gland and skull base. It can also be done through the nasal cavity with an endoscope (a thin tube with a camera attached),
which accumulate in tumor cells and scatter light making the tumors easy to see with a special camera.
The particles are each about 140 nanometers (0. 000005 inches) across and consist of eight-point gold stars that are surrounded by a layer of dye
and tumor cells that researchers had suspected existed but hadn't seen. It was thought precancerous cells also develop the larger pores like cancer cells.
but don't know where edges of the tumor are. So doctors either have to take out all of the tissue that might possibly contain cancer
. and China of patients suspected of having malignant squamous cell tumors, the device was used alongside a regular endoscope.
#Optical Probe to Help Remove Only Cancerous Tissues in Brain Surgeries Neurosurgeons removing a tumor have to be obsessive about resecting just enough
Tumors usually look the same as the healthy tissue just around them, which means the repeated biopsies
the fact that tumors tend to be denser was the basis for many designed devices,
not just identification of risk of tumors, would be said a major advancement Dr. Hemant K. Roy professor of medicine and Chief of gastroenterology at Boston Medical center and an author of the study."
2015innovative light therapy reaches deep tumors March 9th, 2015a new tool for detecting and destroying norovirus March 9th,
March 10th, 2015photonics/Optics/Lasers Innovative light therapy reaches deep tumors March 9th, 2015quantum sensor's advantages survive entanglement breakdown:
#Microchip captures clusters of circulating tumor cells--NIH study Circulating tumor cells (CTCS) are cells that break away from a tumor and move through a cancer patient's bloodstream.
and occasionally clusters using antibodies that stick to special proteins found on the surface of some tumor cells.
the researchers measured a marker of tumor cell proliferation--an indicator of increased invasiveness and poor outcomes--in one breast cancer patient with high numbers of both single CTCS and clusters.
The researchers also noted the rare presence of non-tumor cells within clusters in less than 5 percent of patients."
the ability to monitor tumor-immune cell interactions via the blood could be of great value."
New device offers clues Why do some cancer cells break away from a tumor and travel to distant parts of the body?
"A primary tumor is not what kills patients. Metastases are what kill patients. Understanding which cells are likely to metastasize can help us direct more targeted therapies to patients,
Which cells in this patient's tumor are really causing havoc? Is there a large population of aggressive cells?
"Understanding specific differences that lead some cancer cells to leave the primary tumor and seed metastases is of great benefit to develop
Simple design mimics pumping mechanism of life-sustaining proteins found in living cells May 19th, 2015studying dynamics of ion channels May 18th, 2015organic nanoparticles, more lethal to tumors:
Carbon-based nanoparticles could be used to sensitize cancerous tumors to proton radiotherapy and induce more focused destruction of cancer cells, a new study shows May 18th,
more lethal to tumors: Carbon-based nanoparticles could be used to sensitize cancerous tumors to proton radiotherapy
and induce more focused destruction of cancer cells, a new study shows May 18th, 2015wearables may get boost from boron-infused graphene:
tumor cells could someday be diagnosed by MRI imaging and treated with tumor-specific IV injections;
new NIH grant will fund future study Abstract: Biomedical researchers at Cedars-Sinai have invented a tiny drug-delivery system that can identify cancer cell types in the brain through"virtual biopsies
and fight tumor cells in the brain without resorting to surgery.""Our nanodrug can be engineered to carry a variety of drugs,
proteins and genetic materials to attack tumors on several fronts from within the brain,"said Julia Ljubimova, MD, Phd,
such as seeking out cancer cells and binding to them, permeating the walls of blood vessels and tumor cells,
or dismantling molecular mechanisms that promote tumor growth, "said Eggehard Holler, Phd, professor of neurosurgery and director of nanodrug synthesis at Cedars-Sinai.
and then fighting the cancer with precise, individualized tumor treatment. Researchers can determine tumor type by attaching a tracer visible on an MRI.
If the tracer accumulates in the tumor, it will be visible on MRI. With the cancer's molecular makeup identified through this virtual biopsy,
researches can load the"delivery system"with cancer-targeting components that specifically attack the molecular structure.
May 27th, 2015fine-tuned molecular orientation is key to more efficient solar cells May 26th, 2015cancer Iranian Scientists Use Magnetic field to Transfer Anticancer Drug to Tumor Tissue May 24th,
Scientists Use Magnetic field to Transfer Anticancer Drug to Tumor Tissue May 24th, 2015discoveries Who needs water to assemble DNA?
but it is our hope that this could one day be used to deliver drugs directly to spinal cord injuries, ulcerations, deep bone injuries or tumors,
#Nanospheres shield chemo drugs, safely release high doses in response to tumor secretions Scientists have designed nanoparticles that release drugs in the presence of a class of proteins that enable cancers to metastasize.
and build that into a nanoscale carrier that can seek out a tumor and deliver a payload of drug,
The shell fragments form a ragged mesh that holds the drug molecules near the tumor.
builds on his group's earlier sucess using a similar strategy to mark tumors for both diagnosis and precise surgical removal.
That means the drug was inactivated as it flowed through the circulatory system until it reached the tumor.
in a test in mice with grafted in fibrosarcoma tumors. In additional preliminary tests, Callmann and colleagues were able to halt the growth of the tumors for a least two weeks,
using a single lower dose of the drug. In mice treated with the nanoparticles coated with peptides that are impervious to MMPS or given saline,
the tumors grew to lethal sizes within that time. Gianneschi says they will broaden their approach to create delivery systems for other diagnostic and therapeutic molecules."
This can allow scientists to see fine features of objects such as tumors, or minute flaws within airplane wings in industrial testing, that may otherwise be unobservable due to an instrument's diffractive limit.
This process activates the T cells to ward off a virus, bacteria or tumor, as well as to make more T cells.
humans with magnetic aapcs bearing antigens from tumors. They then ran the plasma through a magnetic column.
The tumor-fighting T cells bound to aapcs and stuck to the sides of the column,
which relies on other white blood cells called tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Those cells are trained already"to fight cancer,
and researchers have shown some success isolating some of the cells from tumors, inducing them to divide,
because not all have tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. By contrast, all people have naive T cells, so patients with cancer could potentially benefit from the new approach
whether or not they have tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.""The aapcs and magnetic column together provide the foundation for simplifying
and streamlining the process of generating tumor-specific T cells for use in immunotherapy, "says Juan carlos Varela, M d.,Ph d,
which they say could help combat the problem of tumors mutating to evade the body's defenses."
safely release high doses in response to tumor secretions July 14th, 2015chemotherapeutic coatings enhance tumor-frying nanoparticles:
Duke university researchers add a drug delivery mechanism to a nanoparticle therapy already proven to target,
heat and destroy tumors July 13th, 2015super graphene can help treat cancer July 10th, 2015govt. -Legislation/Regulation/Funding/Policy Researchers Build a Transistor from a Molecule and A few Atoms July 14th, 2015world first:
safely release high doses in response to tumor secretions July 14th, 2015better memory with faster lasers July 14th,
safely release high doses in response to tumor secretions July 14th, 2015chemotherapeutic coatings enhance tumor-frying nanoparticles:
Duke university researchers add a drug delivery mechanism to a nanoparticle therapy already proven to target,
heat and destroy tumors July 13th, 2015magnetic hyperthermia, an auxiliary tool in cancer treatments July 8th, 2015discoveries For faster,
safely release high doses in response to tumor secretions July 14th, 2015globalfoundries Completes Acquisition of IBM Microelectronics Business:
New device offers clues (Nanowerk News) Why do some cancer cells break away from a tumor and travel to distant parts of the body?
"A primary tumor is not what kills patients. Metastases are what kill patients. Understanding which cells are likely to metastasize can help us direct more targeted therapies to patients,
Which cells in this patient's tumor are really causing havoc? Is there a large population of aggressive cells?
"Understanding specific differences that lead some cancer cells to leave the primary tumor and seed metastases is of great benefit to develop
The sensor will enable doctors to identify tumor markers, whose presence in the body signals the emergence and growth of cancerous tumors.
The sensitivity of the new device is characterized best by one key feature: according to its developers, the sensor can track changes of just a few kilodaltons in the mass of a cantilever in real time.
we anticipate that the ability to drive immune reaction ex vivo at controllable rates grants us the ability to reproduce immunological events with tunable parameters for better mechanistic understanding of B cell development and generation of B cell tumors,
One goal of the research is to correlate physical properties of cells with tumor suppression and the action of the kinase on the cell.
and are present in very low numbers in tumors. They are highly resistant to chemotherapy
and radiation and are believed to play an important role in tumor recurrence. This laboratory and animal study showed that nanoparticles coated with the oligosaccharide called chitosan
and Eliminates Tumor Reinitiating Cancer Stem-like Cells").""Our findings indicate that this nanoparticle delivery system increases the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin with no evidence of systemic toxic side effects in our animal model,
enabling the nanoparticles to target the malignant stem-like cells in a tumor. The nanoparticles were engineered to shrink,
break open, and release the anticancer drug under the acidic conditions of the tumor microenvironment and in tumor-cell endosomes and lysosomes,
He and his colleagues conducted the study using models called 3d mammary tumor spheroids (i e.,
which was the first genetic-based approach that is able to detect live circulating tumor cells out of the complex matrix that is human blood.
or magnevist) broadly used as an MRI contrast agent to the affected area("Hybrid Calcium phosphate-Polymeric Micelles Incorporating Gadolinium Chelates for Imaging-Guided Gadolinium Neutron capture Tumor Therapy").
The research team has clarified that selective accumulation of the developed nanomachine in a cancer tumor enables contrast imaging of a solid cancer.
When removing a tumor, for example, neurosurgeons walk a tightrope as they try to take out as much of the cancer as possible
I in agony when I taking out a tumor. If I take out too little the cancer could come back;
#Nivolumab helps fight Cancerous Lung Tumors A trial has suggested that a therapy for lung cancer has the ability to double the life expectancy in patients.
so that it could keep on attacking the harmful tumor. The new trial was conducted in the United states and Europe on people with advanced lung cancer.
Those whose tumors were producing high levels of PD-L1 lived for more than one and half year.
#System Combines Optical Microscopy, MRI Combining optical and MRI techniques, a new imaging system aims to uncover the complexities of tumors to help better tailor cancer treatment.
Together they are being used to peer into the microenvironment of tumors and other tissues while learning about the coregistration of multiple lines of imaging data."
"In a study, a tumor cell line was transplanted into a rat and imaged with each of the following:
while other parts of a tumor could be rapidly growing or becoming more aggressive. These details tell researchers about the heterogeneity of tumors,
which is essential for developing appropriate research and drug protocols that can navigate all the inherent complexity of not just the anatomy
I'm taking out a tumor, "said Dr. Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa, a professor of neurosurgery, neuroscience and oncology at the Johns hopkins university School of medicine and the clinical leader of the research team."
"Optical coherence tomography that could help surgeons differentiate a human brain tumor, red, from surrounding noncancerous tissue, green.
which these common mutations result in elevated TERT expression by using computational and experimental analyses to determine that the mechanism of increased TERT expression in tumor tissue relies on a specific transcription factor-a protein that binds specific DNA sequences
and binds the mutant TERT promoter in tumor cells from four different cancer types, underscoring that this is a common mechanism of TERT reactivation.
The ability of many brain tumors to regenerate can be traced to cancer stem cells that evade treatment and spur the growth of new tumor cells.
"A successful brain cancer treatment will very likely require blocking the tumor stem cells'ability to survive
and other tumors are more resistant to treatment than others. Those same, more defiant cells also are much better at reestablishing cancer after treatment."
"These tumor stem cells are really the kingpins of cancers--the cells that direct and drive much of the harm done by tumors,
"said Kim, who treats patients at Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of medicine.
The researchers found that the tumor stem cells'ability to make SOX2 could be turned up or down via another protein, CDC20.
Increasing SOX2 by boosting levels of CDC20 also increased a tumor's ability to grow once transplanted into mice.
meanwhile, left tumor stem cells unable to make SOX2, reducing the tumor stem cells'ability to form tumors."
"The rate of growth in some tumors lacking CDC20 dropped by 95 percent compared with tumors with more typical levels of CDC20,
"Kim said. When the scientists analyzed human tumor samples, they found that a subset of patients with glioblastomas that had the highest CDC20 levels also had the shortest periods of survival after diagnosis. Kim's lab is exploring methods to block CDC20 in brain tumors,
including RNA interference, an approach in which the production of specific proteins is blocked. That general approach is in clinical trials as a therapy for other cancers, viral infections and other illnesses.
and patients with all sizes and numbers of tumors underwent transplantation often times with early recurrence of disease.
and recommended transplantation be limited to patients with a single tumor of five centimeters or less or up to three tumors with not any single tumor larger than three centimeters.
However the criteria didn't take into account the aggressiveness of the tumor or other blood biomarkers that can help predict recurrence Agopian said.
or the number and size of tumors on MRI and CT SCANS three pre-transplant blood biomarkers thought to be predictive for cancer recurrence
or aggressiveness of the tumor and whether the cancer has invaded the liver's blood vessels factors that can't be determined before transplant.
For example a patient with a 5 centimeter tumor who would have qualified for liver transplant under the Milan criteria might in fact have a very aggressive tumor that is likely to recur after transplant
while a patient with a larger tumor might have a very low grade cancer and be at lower risk for recurrence.
and that incorporation of other factors may improve the ability to select for patients with favorable tumor biology regardless of size who stand to benefit from liver transplantation.
For patients with underlying liver dysfunction who are unable to undergo surgery to remove the tumor liver transplantation is the best way to treat the patient.
resulting in more aggressive cells that can spread to other sites or cause regrowth of primary tumors.
leading to increased tumor cell growth, survival and migration. Drugs that target B-Raf or another protein in the same network called MEK have proved effective in clinical trials.
thereby allowing the tumor to spread to a new organ site. They used a large screening approach
TGF-beta is known as a tumor suppressor, meaning it necessary to keep cells in check and growing normally.
and it becomes a tumor promoter, fostering aggressive growth and spread of cancer. The researchers identified Bub1 as a key gene involved in regulating TGF-beta receptor.
We think this may explain the paradox of TGF-beta as a tumor promoter and a tumor suppressor,
This meant they were able to remove very immature (undifferentiated) cells that could form tumors.
None of the mice developed tumors from the transplanted cells s
#New technology enables ultra-fast steering and shaping of light beams A team of engineers has developed a new acousto-optic device that can shape
In a large retrospective study of blood samples the researchers showed that the method called a liquid biopsy could accurately distinguish prostate cancer from normal controls without prior knowledge of the genetic signature of the tumors and with over three times the sensitivity of current prostate specific-antigen
It's been known for many years that dying cells including tumor cells shed DNA into the bloodstream.
Since cell-free DNA has a relatively short half-life in the circulation sequencing of cell-free DNA soon after therapy may be used to detect minimal residual disease in solid tumors Mitchell said.
Mitchell further predicted that liquid biopsies will quantify immediate tumor responses to therapy y
#New technology focuses diffuse light inside living tissue In the Jan 5 issue of Nature Communications Wang the Gene K. Beare Professor of Biomedical engineering at Washington University in St louis reveals for the first time a new
Tracheal damage can be caused by tumor endotracheal intubation blunt trauma and other injuries. Narrowing and weakness of the trachea can occur
but recent experimental studies have revealed the jagged ligand plays a critical role in tumor progression.
Recent findings showed stromal cells in the tumor environment secrete jagged ligands. The Rice researchers found cancer cells hijack nearby stromal cells
#New breast exam nearly quadruples detection of invasive breast cancers in women with dense breast tissue Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI) is a supplemental imaging technology designed to find tumors that would otherwise be obscured by surrounding dense breast
Tumors and dense breast tissue can both appear white on a mammogram making tumors indistinguishable from background tissue in women with dense breasts.
MBI uses small semiconductor-based gamma cameras to image the breast following injection of a radiotracer that tumors absorb avidly.
Unlike conventional breast imaging techniques such as mammography and ultrasound MBI exploits the different behavior of tumors relative to background tissue producing a functional image of the breast that can detect tumors not seen on mammography.
and the tumor spreads again. Evidently, the cancer cells have found new ways to grow. A team of researchers headed by Professor Lukas Sommer from the University of Zurich's Institute of Anatomy has now found a possible explanation for this dynamic behavior in cancer cells:
the epigenetic factor EZH2 controls genes that govern tumor growth as well as genes that are important for the formation of metastases.
even if tumors had developed already, "explains Sommer. Epigenetic factors like EZH2 therefore appear to be highly promising targets for future cancer treatments,
#New cancer-fighting strategy would harden cells to prevent metastasis Existing cancer therapies are geared toward massacring tumor cells
tumor into other areas of the body a crucial step in progression of the disease. The research team tested 4-HAP on lab-grown pancreatic cancer cells
scientists have invented a new imaging system that causes tumors to ight upwhen a hand-held laser is directed at them. surgeon goal during cancer surgery is to remove the tumor,
Mohs and co-authors report on their prototype system that combines a fluorescent dye that localizes in tumors with a real-time imaging system that allows the surgeon to simply view a screen to distinguish between normal tissue and the ightedmalignant tissue.
In both mice and companion dogs with tumors, the scientists found that the fluorescent dye accumulated at higher levels in tumors than in the surrounding tissue
and the system was able to detect a distinct boundary between normal and tumor tissue.
Canine tumors are known to be similar to human tumors in architecture and canines get the same types of tumors as humans.
The scientists are working to further develop the system so it can be evaluated in human patients.
Current technology allows cancer surgeons to scan tumors prior to surgery with magnetic resonance imaging and other systems.
However, to scan the tumor during surgery involves moving the patient from the operating table and into the machinery hich prolongs the surgery. eing able to quickly scan a tumor during surgery to visualize tumor tissue from non-tumor tissue is an unmet clinical need,
said Mohs. athology techniques that examine tumor tissue during surgery can take up to 20 minutes
and they focus on the tissue removed during surgery, not the tissue that remains in the body.
In TBME, the authors noted that the ideal system would find tumor boundaries with high sensitivity,
a surgeon would scan the tumor prior to surgery to determine its boundaries. The tumor would then be removed surgically
and the area would be scanned re to assess for any remaining malignant tissue. If diseased tissue is found,
and nanoparticles that can be targeted to specific tumors. Recently, Mohs was awarded a $1. 37 million research grant from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging
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