The study Self-association of an Insect Beta-13-Glucan Recognition Protein Upon Binding Laminarin Stimulates Prophenoloxidase Activation as an Innate Immune response was published recently in the Journal of Biological Chemistry.
Molecular biological analyses of tissue samples always confront scientists with the same problem: how to retrieve the genome of a specific pathogen from a mixture of DNAS in a patient and its microbial cohabitants?
In biology the term stress has a broader meaning: discovered and first described in 1936 by Viennese physician and biochemist Hans Selye stress is a psychological and physical reaction to external stimuli
#Greater rates of mitochondrial mutations discovered in children born to older mothers The discovery of a maternal age effect by a team of Penn State scientists that could be used to predict the accumulation of MITOCHONDRIAL DNA mutations in maternal egg cells
--and the transmission of these mutations to children--could provide valuable insights for genetic counseling. These mutations cause more than 200 diseases and contribute to others such as diabetes cancer Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.
The study found greater rates of the MITOCHONDRIAL DNA variants in children born to older mothers as well as in the mothers themselves.
Many mitochondrial diseases affect more than one system in the human body said Kateryna Makova professor of biology and one of the study's primary investigators.
whether maternal age is important in the accumulation of MITOCHONDRIAL DNA (mtdna) mutations both in the mother and in the child as a result of transmission.
Studying healthy individuals gave the researchers a baseline for future studies of disease-causing mutations.
Through DNA sequencing they found more mutations in blood and cheek cells in the older mothers in the study.
But finding greater rates of mutations in children born to the older mothers did come as a surprise.
The researchers believe a similar mutation process is occurring both in the cells of the mothers'bodies and in their germ lines.
Compared to molecules assembled without these hooks those incorporating the Suntag can greatly amplify biological activity.
CRISPR activation of genes can provide complementary biological insights. The adaptation of the Suntag for CRISPR activation makes it possible to systematically probe the biological roles of all genes within the genome in a single experiment.
The Weissman team used CRISPR activation to identify a number of tumor suppressor genes that inhibit the growth of cancer cells.
It quickly grew into an effort involving two Ph d. microbiologists a talented graduate student and several analytical biochemists.
The above story is provided based on materials by American Society for Microbiology. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Researchers characterize new tumor syndrome Scientists at the Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) of the University of Luxembourg have published their findings that mutations in a gene known as ARMC5 promote the growth of benign tumors in the adrenal glands
Now for the first time a mutation of ARMC5 has been characterized as the cause behind the growth of meningeal tumors.
Growth of these adrenal cortex adenomas is based on a combination of hereditary and spontaneous mutations: It affects people in
If the second allele of ARMC5 later also undergoes a spontaneous mutation in the adrenal cortex then the gene no longer functions.
and simultaneously a meningeal tumor that somatic that is nonhereditary ARMC5 mutations are present in both tumors.
which other types of tumor ARMC5 mutations are responsible for tumor growth: Building upon that we can learn
For the water to reach the households in a clean state via the distribution network a team headed by microbiologist Ursula Obst who directs the partial project for water processing and water quality assurance developed methods for the central semi
Ingber is also the Judah Folkman Professor of Vascular Biology at Harvard Medical school and Boston Children's Hospital as well as professor of bioengineering at Harvard School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS.
and what we're finding is that many cancers have mutations in the epigenetic machinery.
His goal is to figure out precisely how histones contribute to basic biological functions and in turn contribute to cancers and other diseases.
and lungs for example and the various biological chemicals that simply make us tick. Proper nutrients for instance allow for the formation of chemical tags to direct the histones to activate genes in the proper ways.
Work the microbiome was pioneered by Washington University scientists led by Jeffrey Gordon MD the Dr. Robert J. Glaser Distinguished University Professor and director of the Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology.
or biological contaminants with far-reaching implications for public health including homeland security concerns. Applying world class research to water quality has to be viewed as a critical component for sustaining society as a whole says Clarkson University President Tony Collins. As healthy water becomes increasingly scarce establishing real-time data as the new standard for understanding water quality around the globe
and designed said Peng Yin senior author of the paper Wyss Core Faculty member and Assistant professor of Systems Biology at Harvard Medical school.
But as the disease evolved these became less important with the majority of faults now caused by a new process generating mutations within the tumour controlled by a protein called APOBEC.
"In-field detection of chemical and biological threats is the challenge that we are trying to address,
"This technology can be used broadly for chemical and biological sensing, including homeland security, forensics and environmental monitoring,
and the University's Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology--both of which were created more than a decade after he began his quest--said that
the Samuel A. Goldblith Professor of Applied Biology, Associate professor in the Department of Chemical engineering, the Institute of Medical Engineering and Science,
A study published by Cell Press October 9th in the American Journal of Human genetics shows that neurodevelopmental disorders caused by distinct genetic mutations produce similar molecular effects in cells suggesting that a one-size-fits-all therapeutic approach could be effective
or more different disorders mutations in many different genes can lead to similar diseases. As a result it has not been clear
whether genetic mutations that cause neurodevelopmental disorders affect distinct molecular pathways or converge on similar cellular functions.
and psychiatric problems and mutations in euchromatic histone methyltransferase 1 (EHMT1) cause similar symptoms in a disease known as 9q34 deletion syndrome.
The team used the same approach to identify mutations and heritable variants that have been linked to breast cancer and Alzheimer's disease,
the Clyde and Helen Wu Professor of Chemical Biology (in Biomedical Informatics and the Institute for Cancer Genetics), chair of the Department of Systems Biology,
However, these models provided no information on the key genetic mutations that presumably drive the abnormal activity of these master regulators.
"Conventional techniques, like genome-wide association studies, must test all possible genetic mutations and variants in a disease cell, compared with a normal cell,
we have sufficient statistical power to identify only the most striking mutations. The DIGGIT algorithm, combined with
and identify critical hidden mutations that otherwise would have gone undetected.""The new approach was tested on mesenchymal glioblastoma, the most aggressive subtype of the disease,
C/EBPD, had already been identified by the labs of Dr. Califano and of Antonio Iavarone, MD, professor of neurology and of pathology & cell biology (in the Institute for Cancer Genetics),
their tumors regressed, providing further evidence that KLHL9 mutations (which were found in 50 percent of the mesenchymal glioblastoma patients),
confirming that the algorithm is capable of capturing driver mutations in other types of cancer.
The latter can identify statistical associations between mutations and disease, but cannot explain how the mutation drives that effect,
"said Dr. Califano.""Because DIGGIT identifies disease-causing genes by tracing their aberrant activity through the regulatory network of the cell,
it provides direct information on the specific molecular interactions through which a genetic mutation causes disease--the'mechanism.'
""Even in our studies of breast cancer and Alzheimer's disease, where the goal was simply to show that DIGGIT could identify mutations
which these mutations likely work to drive disease, adding significant new knowledge that can be tested rapidly in the lab"Dr. Chen said a
and repressing gene expression. or the first time we see that the structure of the chromosomes contributes to gene controlsays Whitehead Member Richard Young who is also a professor of biology at MIT. n the past there have been all kinds of ideas around how the structure might affect gene control
"The study results appear in the journal Molecular and Cellular biology. Andersen notes that several medicines already exist that could block autophagy
"The findings advance our understanding of the role of lncrnas in cancer biology and, importantly, broaden the opportunity to use lncrnas as biomarkers to detect prostate cancer."
and normal epithelial prostatic cells using NCODE human ncrna array and Sureprint G3 human lncrna microarrays.
and AK024556 (also known as SPRY4-IT1) were confirmed in prostate cancer cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) analysis. The SPRY4-IT1 was found to be regulated up more than 100-fold in PC3 cells compared with prostatic epithelial cells.
and 10 up-regulated lncrnas were detected using microarrays. An additional set of 18 prostate cancer tissue samples was analyzed by qpcr
Then the human's biological control system, that is nerves and muscles, is interfaced also to the machine's control system via neuromuscular electrodes.
between biology and mechatronics.""The direct skeletal attachment is created by what is known as osseointegration, a technology in limb prostheses pioneered by associate professor Rickard Brånemark and his colleagues at Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
Electrodes are implanted in nerves and muscles as the interfaces to the biological control system. These electrodes record signals which are transmitted via the osseointegrated implant to the prostheses,
who is also associate director of Weill Cornell's chemical biology program.""What we have shown in the Science study is that we now have the means to obtain real-time images of processes happening on the surface of intact HIV particles,
which contained beacons that did not alter the biology of the particles. Then they watched.
"The practical outcome from this technology is that we can begin to understand how the biological system moves.
professor of microbiology and immunology at Weill Cornell.""The antibodies used in the crystallography study are ones that we observed to stop the dance of the HIV envelope proteins,
and where these antibodies bind provides an important step forward to understanding HIV's biology, "he says.
real-time information to be obtained about molecular processes in complex biological systems
#Slime-producing molecules help spread disease from cats to endangered sea otters The spread of diseases from land animals to sea otters
#Smallest world record has ndless possibilitiesfor bionanotechnology Scientists from the University of Leeds have taken a crucial step forward in bionanotechnology a field that uses biology to develop new tools for science technology and medicine.
demonstrates how stable'lipid membranes'--the thin'skin'that surrounds all biological cells--can be applied to synthetic surfaces.
Importantly, the new technique can use these lipid membranes to'draw'--akin to using them like a biological ink--with a resolution of 6 nanometres (6 billionths of a meter
and promises the ability to position functional biological molecules--such as those involved in taste, smell,
"explained Evans. Aside from biological applications, this area of research could revolutionise renewable energy production. Working in collaboration with researchers at the University of Sheffield,
the researchers will be able to arbitrarily swap out the biological units and replace them with synthetic components to create a new generation of solar cells.
"This is part of the emerging field of synthetic biology, whereby engineering principles are being applied to biological parts
--whether it is for energy capture, or to create artificial noses for the early detection of disease
However in the past decade scientists realized that exosomes play important roles in many biological functions through capsuling
or less to carry out multiple laboratory functions such as sample purification running of chemical and biological reactions and analytical measurement.
but the biological mechanisms involved are unknown. Researchers at Inserm Unit 1073 Nutrition inflammation and dysfunction of the gut-brain axis (Inserm/University of Rouen) have demonstrated the involvement of a protein produced by some intestinal bacteria that may be the source of these disorders.
#Non-coding half of human genome unlocked with novel sequencing technique An obscure swatch of human DNA once thought to be nothing more than biological trash may actually offer a treasure trove of insight into complex genetic-related diseases such as cancer
and diabetes thanks to a novel sequencing technique developed by biologists at Texas A&m University.
The game-changing discovery was part of a study led by Texas A&m biology doctoral candidate John C. Aldrich
In the course of his otherwise routine analysis of DNA in fruit flies Aldrich was able to monitor dynamics of the heterochromatic sequence by modifying a technique called quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) a process used to amplify specific DNA sequences from a relatively small amount
and that mutations which could affect other parts of the genome are capable of occurring.
and as a whole--would be packed with complex genes with the potential to answer some of the most pressing questions in medical biology.
unless biologists can look at the entire genome. We still can't--yet --but at least now we're a step closer.
which means that the drug can resist the virus's mutations said Alex Evilevitch. The second study that Evilevitch and his colleagues have published recently is about bacteriophages
which were published recently in Nature Chemical Biology and PNAS. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Lund University.
And because the new process creates membranes on silicon surfaces it is a significant step toward creating bio-silicon interfaces where biological sensor molecules can be printed onto cheap silicon chip holding integrated electronic circuits.
because they offer the possibility of containing membrane proteins--biological molecules that could be used for detecting toxins diseases and many other biosensing applications.
The fantastic insights into molecular structure provided by this study are a vivid illustration of the critical role played by fundamental cell biology in cancer research.
and how to tackle them more effectively Revealing the intricate details of biological shapes is a hugely important step towards identifying targets for future cancer drugs.
and Edwin Thomas, the William and Stephanie Sick Dean of Rice's George R. Brown School of engineering, professor in mechanical engineering and materials science and in chemical and biomolecular engineering g
The word I use is blindsiding says limnologist W. Charles Kerfoot a professor of biological sciences at Michigan Tech.
a professor of microbiology at the University of Iowa Carver School of medicine and director of the school Center for Immunology and Immune-Based Diseases, says that this paper presents a reative new approach with considerable potential in the development
or your doctor office. s the biology and technology become further refined, the authors say that their approach could potentially be a more efficient, more effective,
and other biological components. n the biological domain, there are various molecules and atoms in contact with one another, sliding along like biomolecular motors,
as a result of friction or lack of friction, Gangloff says. o this intuition for how to arrange atoms so as to minimize
from the nanoscale to the macroscale. he applications and related impact of their novel method propels a huge variety of research fields investigating effects relevant from raft tectonics down to biological systems
The ability to precisely control droplets using fluidic computation could have a number of applications in high-throughput biology and chemistry,
. an associate professor of biological sciences and physics at Columbia University and the paper lead author. vaporation is a fundamental force of nature,
with a possible focus on filtering biological contaminants from groundwater to make it safe to drink. There are already a number of filters on the market that can do this,
The system is equipped also to treat the biological contaminants that Wright initially thought she be treating,
It is common for these so-called chiral molecules to exist in just one form in biological systems,
The chirality of these biomolecules also strongly affects the way in which they interact with other molecules,
and biological research. These devices are usually too large to be portable, but MIT scientists have shown now they can create spectrometers small enough to fit inside a smartphone camera,
which have been used primarily for labeling cells and biological molecules, as well as in computer and television screens. sing quantum dots for spectrometers is such a straightforward application compared to everything else that wee tried to do,
said Jerome Zack, professor of medicine and of microbiology, immunology and molecular genetics in the UCLA David Geffen School of medicine and a co-author of the study. ith the CAR approach,
Based on current scientific models of eczema biology, assistant professor of dermatology Dr. Brett King. hypothesized that a drug approved for rheumatoid arthritis,
has defined a subgroup of genetic mutations that are present in a significant number of melanoma skin cancer cases.
Their findings shed light on an important mutation in this deadly disease, and may lead to more targeted anticancer therapies.
The role of mutations in numerous genes and genomic changes in the development of melanoma a skin cancer with over 70
To deepen understanding of melanoma mutations, the Yale team conducted a comprehensive analysis using whole-exome sequencing of more than 200 melanoma samples from patients with the disease.
and other disciplines also tested the response of tumor cells with specific mutations to anticancer drugs.
The researchers confirmed that a gene known as NF1 is a ajor playerin the development of skin cancer. he key finding is that roughly 45%of melanomas that do not harbor the known BRAF or NRAS mutations display loss of NF1 function,
Additionally, researchers observed that melanoma patients with the NF1 mutation were had older and a greater number of mutations in the tumors.
These include mutations in the same pathway, collectively known as RASOPATHY genes. Yet mutations in NF1 are not sufficient to cause skin cancer,
said Ruth Halaban, senior research scientist in dermatology, a member of Yale Cancer Center, and lead author of the study. oss of NF1 requires more accompanying changes to make a tumor,
she explained. ur study identified changes in about 100 genes that are present only in the malignant cells
Michael Krauthammer, et al, xome sequencing identifies recurrent mutations in NF1 and RASOPATHY genes in sun-exposed melanomas, Nature Genetics, 2015;
using biologics and small molecules to halt radiation harmful effects in the field. Some block cell death and protect damaged tissue exposed to radiation;
and biological attacks. These government awards include more than $500 million for the treatment and prevention of ARS.
The only difference is that we are using biology to make it, and we are using renewable raw materials.
causing the biopolymer to swell, and the individual polymer chains to start separating. At this point instead of allowing the material to completely dissolve,
the closed-loop robo-pancreas is ahead of such biological approaches, says IRCM Haidar, even though it will never duplicate the human body. e know an airplane isn better than a bird,
high-energy photon has potential applications in biological imaging, high-density data storage, and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDS) L
analyze the chemical, biological, and radiological threats before someone actually gets to the fire. Police have been buying up drones for years now,
When technology meets biology the interface is rarely flawless and the devices often hinder the bodies they are supposed to help.
a world in which technology erases disability and in which the synthetic and biological worlds meld seamlessly.
Daniel Ferris director of the Human Neuromechanics Laboratory at the University of Michigan says that Herr's strength is knowing the biological mechanisms
While many engineers have built robotic devices for movement none have matched really Hugh's ability to fuse biology with engineering.
Redefining the Good Bodyin spite of the practical challenges Herr has a far-reaching vision for melding technology with biology.
One way of doing this is to carbonize biological material, such as fruit or coconut shell. This means heating the material to few hundred degrees centigrade in a nitrogen atmosphere
which ensures that the carbon retains its porous biological structure. Instead of coconut shell, Dixit and co carbonized coconut flesh.
where it is responsible for the construction of most biomolecules. At the heart of this mechanism is Brownian motion
and making sure the genes are stable says Dean Price a professor of medicine biology and environment at Australian National University.
Its founders among them the Nobel laureate and MIT biologist Philip Sharp had solved one of the biggest challenges facing the idea of RNAI therapies.
Poon and her team found a way to use electromagnetic induction through biological tissue without that exponential decay.
When they send current through the plate that pattern produces a magnetic field capable of propagating through biological material without decaying over a short distance.
One of her graduate students is also designing plates that will penetrate materials other than biological tissue.
#Terahertz Chip Identifies Short Strands of DNA One of the more significant practical challenges currently occupying molecular biologists is to find better ways of identifying short strands of DNA.
But molecular biologists would like a better system that measures the characteristics of the molecules involved
you could actually do a lot in terms of reading biological signals related to the health of a person,
a professor of chemistry and chemical biology, turned to nature for an alternative approach, taking inspiration from the pitcher plant,
Genetic studies have shown that people with type 2 diabetes are more likely to have mutations in the gene that encodes a protein called insulin-degrading enzyme, or IDE.
are compounds far smaller than less common biological medicines like antibodies. They are developed using libraries of thousands or millions of known chemical substances.
if it has desired a effect on a biological target such as an enzyme or other protein known to be involved in a disease.
which a biological scaffold is sutured in. Within two days, the patients began an intensive physical therapy regimen that helps direct the development of stem cells in the body that are drawn to the implant.
#Yeast 2. 0 Designer changes in the first artificial yeast chromosome could help advance synthetic biology.
The methods developed to create the designer genomic structure could help synthetic biologists better use the single-celled fungi as biological factories for chemicals like biofuels and drugs.
or potentially make their biological production more efficient. Six years ago, the J. Craig Venter Institute built the first artificial chromosome,
But the work is an important step forward for synthetic biology and a milestone in an international effort to build a completely synthetic yeast genome, project Sc2. 0 (from the scientific name for baker yeast,
the researchers also flanked many genes on the chromosome with tiny bits of DNA that act as landing sites for a protein that can be used to create on-demand mutations.
With these designer changes, the researchers say they will be able to test how many mutations a yeast genome can tolerate at once
and potentially discover beneficial mutations that could give rise to strains that can survive in a wider range of conditions
the researchers have shown that inducing mutation in yeast using the designer sites led to some cells that grow more slowly,
Lead researcher Jef Boeke tells The Verge that the team plans to create these mutation-ready additions in all 16 chromosomes.
microbiologist Kim Lewis, director of Northeastern Antimicrobial Discovery Center. But mice treated with teixobactin after lethal doses of either MRSA
a microbiologist at New york University Langone Medical center who was involved not in the work. Although further studies are needed before the antibiotic can be tested in humans
I would caution people to not be overly optimistic until we see what happens in realistic clinical settings. he rate of evolution of large-scale resistance will depend on the dosage and frequency of the antibiotic use, added Princeton microbiologist Julia Bos, a member
The findings have been accepted by the international journal'Biological Psychiatry'for publication.""A total 130 people0 Alzheimer's patient, 41 patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment and 49 healthy individualsarticipated in the study.
and this has got applications in chemistry, engineering, biology, medicine, so there's a lot of potential there and that's just for research purposes,
and this has got applications in chemistry, engineering, biology, medicine, so there's a lot of potential there and that's just for research purposes,
Kevin Harrington, UK trial leader and professor of biological cancer therapies at the ICR and an honorary consultant at the Royal Marsden, said he hoped the treatment could be available for routine use within a year in many countries
Kevin Harrington, UK trial leader and professor of biological cancer therapies at the ICR and an honorary consultant at the Royal Marsden, said he hoped the treatment could be available for routine use within a year in many countries
#Gene mutation that leads to colour blindness identified Researchers have identified a previously unknown gene mutation that causes sufferers to be
Researchers at the University of California, San diego School of medicine and Shiley Eye Institute at UC San diego Health System identified the gene mutation that underlies achromatopsia, an inherited eye disorder.
"We're very excited to have discovered a mutation in the ATF6 gene which plays a major role in this disorder,
Five other genetic mutations have previously been identified by research groups as pivotal in achromatopsia.""But we still had families that didn't have any of those gene mutations.
We knew this meant there must be other genes and proteins involved, "Lin said. The new study found that a mutation in the ATF6 gene damaged proteins necessary for proper function of the eye's cone photoreceptors.
In the study, the scientists looked at 18 achromatopsia patients from 10 different families who had been identified as lacking the five previously known gene mutations.
The families received testing in the lab of Susanne Kohl, the study's first author from Centre for Ophthalmology at University of Tuebingen in Germany.
All 18 were found to have the ATF6 gene mutation. Lin said the ATF6 gene, when working properly, is a key regulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR).
since proteins carry out many biological functions.""In this particular disease, we think a mutation in the ATF6 gene disrupts the UPR process
and causes the production of bad proteins which keep cone photoreceptors from functioning properly, "said Lin.
Lin noted that the UPR is a different molecular mechanism than those affected by the other five gene mutations."
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