The device collects trace fluid samples from a biological surface for electrochemical analysis to detect glucose,
La Belle is an assistant professor in the School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, one of ASU Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering.
Many interesting and important structures in biological cells and computer chips have features smaller than that.
In the new method, the object you want to see for instance a biological cell is placed on the substrate of the scattering material
because they had excellent biological properties, however, the hydrogels currently available for tissue regeneration of the musculoskeletal system couldn meet the mechanical and biological requirements for successful outcomes. ur international biofabrication research team has found a way to reinforce these soft hydrogels via a 3d printed scaffold structure
so that their stiffness and elasticity are close to that of cartilage tissues. Professor Hutmacher said the team had introduced organised high-porosity microfiber networks that are printed using a new technique called elt electrospinning writing e found that the stiffness of the gel/scaffold composites increased synergistically up to 54 times,
can we design a particle that can sense its environment with no neural system or biological parts.
Dr Foster findings are published in The Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental biology here. r Foster was able to show that around 12 taste receptors,
Nef and Vpu, were deactivated by gene mutation. The experiments were conducted with serum samples from the AIDS and Infectious diseases Network (SIDA-MI) cohort of the Fonds de recherche en santé du Québec (FRSQ.
Researchers believe this new information on basic ovarian biology will help them better understand the cause of ovarian disorders,
we can search for possible genetic mutations or environmental factors that affect the process leading to ovarian cell disorders.
says senior author Björn Lillemeier, an assistant professor in the Nomis Foundation Laboratories for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis and the Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center at the Salk Institute.
Researchers at the Johns hopkins university School of medicine, Johns hopkins university Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering, and Federal University of Rio de janeiro in Brazil have designed a DNA-loaded nanoparticle that can pass through the mucus barrier covering conducting airways of lung tissue proving the concept,
and can benefit only a subpopulation of patients with specific types of mutations. Yet this study, Suk notes, has demonstrated that delivering normal copies of CF-related genes
This could eventually become an effective therapy for the lungs of patients, regardless of the mutation type.
DNA-loaded nanoparticles possess positive charge that caused them to adhere to negatively charged biological environments, in this case the mucus covering the lung airways.
who is a pioneer in the converging fields of synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, and genetics. Church is the Robert Winthrop Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical school and Professor of Health Sciences and Technology at Harvard and MIT.
Made of a biological component such as a fluorescent protein and a etectorthat responds to the presence of a specific chemical,
M d.,Ph d.,who is also the Judah Folkman Professor of Vascular Biology at Harvard Medical school and Boston Children Hospital,
and may even have implications for understanding biological systems. Working at the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) and the Advanced Photon Source (APS), two DOE Office of Science User Facilities located at Argonne,
the researchers unveil how one of a battery of chemical warfare agents used by the immune system to fight off infection can itself create DNA mutations that lead to cancer.
DNA sequencing of a developing gastrointestinal tumor revealed two types of mutation: cytosine (C) bases changing to thymine (T) bases,
the 5clc instead paired with an adenine base around 5 percent of the time a medically relevant mutation frequency, according to Essigmann.
and causes the same kind of mutations seen within cells, Fedeles says. hat gave us confidence that this phenomenon would in fact happen in human cells containing high levels of 5clc.
the C-to-T mutation characteristic of 5clc is extremely common, and is present in more than 50 percent of mutagenic ignatures,
or patterns of DNA mutations, associated with cancerous tumors. e believe that in the context of inflammation-induced damage of DNA,
many of these C-to-T mutations may be caused by 5clc, possibly in correlation with other types of mutations as part of these mutational signatures,
genetic, and structural biology approaches, the researchers have found that 5-chlorocytosine is intrinsically miscoding during DNA replication
and it could give rise to significant frequencies of C-to-T mutation, a type of mutation that is frequently observed in human cancers,
Wang says. Studies of tissue samples of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease have found significant levels of 5clc,
the researchers predict that accumulation of the lesions would increase the mutation rate of a cell up to 30-fold,
This research has just been published in the scientific journal Development at http://dev. biologists. org/Currently,
and biological species and photonic devices that manipulate light. Furthermore, this method of producing nanoribbons is complicated not overly it is scalable
because previous research has shown that it is identified the only protein containing a frequent genetic mutation linked to severe flu infections.
our disease is caused by a mutation in gene X, and wee going to correct this mutation to treat it.?
In theory, genome engineering will eventually allow us to permanently cure genetic diseases by editing the specific faulty genes. evolutionizing health caregenome engineering involves the targeted, specific modification of an organism genetic information.
The artemisinin experiments proved that yeast biosynthesis was involved possible, but adding only six genes. The Stanford team had to engineer 23 genes into yeast to create their cellular assembly line for hydrocodone. his is complicated the most chemical synthesis ever engineered in yeast,
a Phd student in chemistry and a member of Smolke team. heye the action heroes of biology. o get the yeast assembly line going,
Bone biology does not require fibrin to heal a fracture. Fibrin is involved in blood clotting; it forms a meshlike net that traps platelets to form a clot.
this range is observed comparable to that for other important biological hormones such as insulin. Furthermore, the investigators developed a protocol,
while mutation and crossover were introduced in the less successful children. The researchers found that design variations emerged
and gait patterns for the children over time, including some designs that a human designer would not have been able to build. ne of the big questions in biology is how intelligence came about wee using robotics to explore this mystery,
These adaptations allow biological organisms to survive in a wide variety of different environments allowing animals to make the move from living in the water to living on land, for instance.
said Iida. ut what we do have are a lot of enabling technologies that will help us import some aspects of biology to the engineering world. ource:
#Major Innovation in Molecular Imaging Delivers Spatial and Spectral Info Simultaneously Using physical chemistry methods to look at biology at the nanoscale,
and each subcellular structure was a distinct color. o using this method we can look at interactions between four biological components inside a cell in three-dimension and at very high resolution of about 10 nanometers,
Xu said. he applications are mostly in fundamental research and cell biology at this point, but hopefully it will lead to medical applications.
Building on its strengths in biology computer science, psychology, statistics and engineering, CMU launched Brainhub, an initiative that focuses on how the structure and activity of the brain give rise to complex behaviors m
and quickly recreate microenvironments found across biology. To illustrate the potential of their technique, the Illinois team mixed breast cancer cells and cells called macrophages that signal cancer cells to spread
Kilian said his team synthetic microenvironment lies somewhere in the middle of two extremes in the field of modeling biology:
then you can ask fundamental biological questions. Kilian said these questions range from the basic how macrophages signal to the breast cells to the more long-term:
researchers can ask more sophisticated biological questions than they could, Kilian said. And they can do it quickly.
meaning they lack the kind of feedback control that most biological and engineering systems use to maintain a steady operating state.
demonstrating the value of bringing biological scientists together with engineers. Newman, an engineer by training, says concepts common in engineering can be useful in the life sciences. losed-loop control is a concept that is woven through all engineered systems,
but it often hard to find in the biological sciences, he said. ny time you can introduce feedback control into an experiment,
more precisely than ever before using a process that turns human cells into a biological equivalent of LEGO bricks.
keeping the whole biological machine running smoothly. But in diseases such as breast cancer, the breakdown of this order has been associated with the rapid growth
but also to experiment with specifically adding in a single cell with a known cancer mutation to different parts of the organoid to observe its effects.
an assistant professor in the School of Chemical & Biomolecular engineering at the Georgia Institute of technology. he information we can provide could one day help nutritional epidemiologists
Genetic machinery for the production of those pigments was taken from other biological sources and introduced into the E coli.
and Wyss Institute Founding Director Donald Ingber, M d.,Ph d.,who is also the Judah Folkman Professor of Vascular Biology at Harvard Medical school and Boston Children Hospital and Professor of Bioengineering
#A fast cell sorter shrinks to cell phone size Commercially available cell sorters can rapidly and accurately aid medical diagnosis and biological research,
and biological research. Because the device is built on a lab-on-a chip system, it is both compact and inexpensive about the size and cost of a cell phone in its current configuration.
Lung and Blood Institute of the National institutes of health, published their work in a recent issue of Lab on a Chip. ell sorting is used widely in many areas of biology to characterize
Microfluidic cell sorting is revolutionary for the fields of cell biology and immunology as well as other fields in biology, in concomitantly overcoming all of these obstacles.
It is quite easy to envision applications for this technology in diverse environments from a family doctor office to field studies in limnology.
who is also a professor of biology at MIT. his reporter is a very important tool.
existing approaches have offered limited insight into this fundamental biological control. Creating a system that dynamically visualizes methylation at the level of a single cell intrigued Yonatan Stelzer
In his study, Shan-Lu Liu, an associate professor in the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology in the School of medicine and an investigator in the Bond Life sciences Center at MU, targeted IFITM proteins
and John van der Oost at Wageningen University, describe the unexpected biological features of this new system
and their natural biological function was described initially in 2010 and 2011. The application of the CRISPR-Cas9 system for mammalian genome editing was reported first in 2013, by Zhang and separately by George Church at Harvard university.
leaving lunt endsthat often undergo mutations as they are rejoined. With the Cpf1 complex the cuts in the two strands are offset, leaving short overhangs on the exposed ends.
and proteins can be used to create materials that exhibit dynamic behaviors found in biological tissues like growth, morphogenesis, and healing.
First, it expands our knowledge of the biological role of Vitamin b12, which was understood already to help convert fat into energy,
says Catherine Drennan, a professor of chemistry and biology at MIT. The findings are detailed this week in the journal Nature.
says Rowena Matthews, a professor emerita of biological chemistry at the University of Michigan, who has read the paper.
fast, individualized and precise biomedical care. he REACH project is applied to cancer biology, but we have an even bigger vision than that,
although cancer biology is big enough, Morrison said. If big data is a two-part challenge,
Others on the UA research team include Ryan Gutenkunst, assistant professor of molecular and cellular biology; Guang Yao, assistant professor of molecular and cellular biology;
and Kobus Barnard, professor of computer science. Morrison, who also has a strong, academic background in developmental psychology, said,
and is just as sensitive as the gold-standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, which are used widely in clinical laboratories.
The researchers evaluated the new test in two sets of biological samples for example, from blood, stool and nasal secretions from patients at St louis Children Hospital.
a biological material from living or recently living organisms, as a replacement for graphite, has drawn recent attention because of its high carbon content, low cost and environmental friendliness.
Nanocarbon architectures derived from biological materials such as mushrooms can be considered a green and sustainable alternative to graphite-based anodes,
Now, researchers at DTU Systems Biology have combined genetics with computer science and created a new diagnostic technology based on advanced self learning computer algorithms whichn the basis of a biopsy from a metastasisan with 85 per cent certainty identify the source of the disease
are based on analyses of DNA mutations in cancer tissue samples from patients with metastasized cancer,
The pattern of mutations is analysed in a computer program which has been trained to find possible primary tumour localizations.
Associate professor Aron Eklund from DTU Systems Biology explains: e are pleased very that we can now use the same sequencing data together with our new algorithms to provide a much faster diagnosis for cancer cases that are difficult to diagnose,
A method to identify the tissue of origin from the somatic mutations of a tumour specimen in BMC Medical Genomics i
LHON is one of many diseases tied to gene mutations that damage the tiny energy factories that power our cells,
and it is mutations within this MITOCHONDRIAL DNA (mtdna) that lead to LHON, as well as a host of other diseases.
The most common mutation behind LHON impairs a mitochondrial gene called ND4. Dr. Guy began to research a possible gene therapy approach for delivering a substitute copy of the gene into mitochondria about 15 years ago.
the researchers loaded the virus with a defective copy of the ND4 gene carrying the same mutation that causes about 70 percent of LHON cases.
The presence of the virally encoded ND4 mutation in the eye was confirmed by essentially doing an eye exam to look for the red fluorescent marker.
or replaced by modern techniques that give the physician an indication of the elasticity of a biological tissue.
sensitive test for HIV mutations Tests that can distinguish whether HIV-positive people are infected with a drug-resistant strain
if a mutation is present and then make many copies of those combined probes (amplification) for detection.
and quantitative PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification into a single system, said Anubhav Tripathi, professor of engineering at Brown and corresponding author on the paper. ach HIV contains about 10,000 nucleotides,
The experiments reported in the paper show that the LRA test was sensitive enough to find a commonly sought K103n mutation in concentrations as low as one mutant per 10,000 strands of ormalviral RNA.
those pairs that perfectly match the target HIV RNA containing a mutation that causes drug resistance can rapidly become fused together,
quick and accurate HIV drug resistance mutation detection system for use in developing nations. e met soon thereafter
and other methods on patient samples to detect additional mutations and address specific HIV challenges related to mutation detection,
such as enormous genomic diversity, Kantor said, nd work on incorporation of such methods onto a point-of-care device that would satisfy the infrastructure and low-cost needs of resource limited settings. s
professor of neuroscience in Penn School of veterinary medicine and Perelman School of medicine, provides important clues for understanding how a father life experiences may affect his children brain development and mental health through a purely biological and not behavioral means. t remarkable to
Conducting nanoscale biomolecular research could lead to low-cost DNA sequencing technologies, and in turn create targeted drug delivery systems
Biologists construct phylogenetic trees to capture the evolutionary relationship between species, and help us better understand the functions and interactions of genes, the origin and spread of diseases, the co-evolution of hosts and parasites and migration of human populations.
especially mutations, has become critically important for the detection of diseases and design of therapies to treat them.
In previous work, the lab designed probes that find single-nucleotide mutations in DNA while using ompetingprobes to bind to healthy sequences
In one of many successful tests, the lab designed molecules to detect mutation sequences in historic biopsy samples preserved in wax from cancer patients.
faster and cheaper answers for researchers and clinicians who are looking at hundreds or thousands of different mutations,
ew insights into the biology of blood cancers and disorders that originate in the bone marrow have only been made possible by the latest advances in technology.
#Mini-kidney organoids re-create disease in lab dishes Stem-cell biology and gene editing advances offer hope for kidney regeneration,
resulted from combining stem cell biology with leading-edge gene-editing techniques. The journal Nature Communications reports the findings today, Oct 23.
Those with mutations in polycystic kidney disease genes formed balloon like, fluid filled sacks, called cysts, from kidney tubules.
The organoids with mutations in podocalyxin, a gene linked to glomerulonephritis, lost connections between filtering cells. utation of a single gene results in changes kidney structures associated with human disease,
The researchers found that genetically matched kidney organoids without disease-linked mutations showed no signs of either disease.
RISPR can be used to correct gene mutations explained Freedman. ur findings suggest that gene correction using CRISPR may be a promising therapeutic strategy.
Bonventre and colleagues introduced into healthy human pluripotent stem cells either the gene mutations associated with polycystic kidney disease
The scientists then coaxed the stem cells to differentiate into mature kidney cells that self-assembled into functional organoids with the physical complications related to their genetic mutations;
says the molecular biologist Prof. Dr. Susanne Schoch from the department of Neuropathology at the University of Bonn.
which can be driven by mutations in control regions of the genome. The hope is that overriding one of these switches could uncover
and an elaborate computer analysis to identify the actual mutations in INTERGENIC DNA near the PDRM13 gene. ndividuals with this disease have normal eyes except that they fail to form maculas,
Biological Crystallography and Chemical engineering Science. The chemistry of sequestering works this way: The enzyme, carbonic anhydrase, catalyzes a chemical reaction between carbon dioxide and water.
investigator Shingo Kajimura, Phd, an assistant professor of cell and tissue biology in UCSF School of dentistry. He holds a joint appointment in UCSF Diabetes Center and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research.
#Biologist uncovers fundamental new strategy for destroying cancer cells University of Virginia cell biologist John Herr believes that the most ground-breaking findings always start with an insight built on basic science.
and within the egg and the sperm, said Herr, a professor of cell biology in the School of medicine.
and opens opportunities for biological drug strategies that selectively target the gametes in the ovary and testis,
Herr said. ithout a deep level of understanding of the fundamental biology, commercial applications are not possible.
Next they looked directly at VLP production in normal cultured cells or cells with a mutation in ORAI1.
said Ellington, professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences and member of the UT Center for Systems and Synthetic biology.
#New treatment targets cancers with particular genetic signature Oxford university researchers have found the Achilles heel of certain cancer cells mutations in a gene called SETD2.
It is well known that mutations drive cancer cell growth and resistance to treatment. However, these mutations can also become a weak point for a tumour.
The Oxford team found that that was the case for cancer cells with mutations in a key cancer gene called SETD2.
Study author, Dr Timothy Humphrey said: utations in SETD2 are frequently found in kidney cancer and some childhood brain tumours,
when we discovered that a new drug we were studying specifically killed cancer cells with this mutation.
hen WEE1 was inhibited in cells with a SETD2 mutation, the levels of deoxynucleotides, the components that make DNA,
Importantly, normal cells in the body do not have SETD2 mutations, so these effects of WEE1 inhibition are potentially very selective to cancer cells.
said Andrzej Joachimiak, an Argonne Distinguished Fellow, head of the Structural biology Center, co-principal investigator at the Center for Structural genomics of Infectious diseases and a corresponding author on the new study.
and a specialty of co-author Huilin Li, a molecular biologist at Brookhaven National Laboratory and Stony Brook University.
who runs the mammalian synthetic biology program for Synthetic Genomics. o one is so naïve as to think, h,
too big, says Peter Schultz, a Scripps biologist. Romesberg trained in Schultz lab.)Eventually, there could be bacteria producing entirely new proteins. o make a billion-dollar business, yes,
Steven Benner, a synthetic biologist and a founder of the Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution in Gainesville, Florida, asks.
suggests that synthetic biology might also improve the ability to detect new earthly life forms. aybe they exist on earth,
Both Romesberg and Church reported a tiny fraction of the bacteria managed to slip the genetic handcuffs via mutation.
And once synthetic biology leads to a new drug or vaccine, he thinks, wel get used to the idea of inventing life for our own good. ne has to pick the most near-term applications of this technology to show what it can really do for the good of mankind,
Researchers from the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La jolla, California, have used the method, dubbed onogenetics,
because it really opens up new possibilities for how we modulate biology, said Jamie Tyler,
and biological fluids containing bacteria and blood. According to the researchers, all liquids were repelled, with the tungsten oxide actually making the steel stronger than steel without the coating.
"says Sanjeev Mariathasan, a biologist Genentech, the biotech company behind the study. That's a big problem because drugs that are used normally against staph infections can take over four hours to work far longer than it takes for Staph bacteria to move into new cells,
"says Gerald Pier, a microbiologist at Harvard university who also acts as a consultant for Visterra,
Security will be boosted by using biological information as a key the company said. Meanwhile, Samsung last week announced that it aims to become one of the top 10 global IT service companies in the world,
Understanding the interdependency of physiochemical properties of nanomedicines in correlation to their biological responses and functions is crucial for their further development of as cancer-fighters.
--and their interactions with biological systems explains Jianjun Cheng an associate professor of materials science and engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
and his collaborators systematically evaluated the size-dependent biological profiles of three monodisperse drug-silica nanoconjugates at 20 50 and 200 nm.
Cheng a Willett Faculty Scholar at Illinois is affiliated with the departments of Bioengineering and of Chemistry the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory the Institute of Genomic Biology the Frederick
Mapping that dense molecular machinery is one of the most promising and challenging frontiers in medicine and biology.
and surprising said study coauthor Huilin Li a biologist at Brookhaven Lab and Stony Brook University.
To our surprise we found an intermediate structure with one ORC binding two rings said Brookhaven Lab biologist
One step further along the researchers also determined the molecular architecture of the final double-ring structure left behind after the ORC leaves the system offering a number of key biological insights.
Precision methods close collaborationexamining these fleeting molecular structures required mastery of biology chemistry and electron microscopy techniques.
This proclivity for copper uptake is something we have known could be an Achilles'heel in prostate cancer tumors as well as other cancers said Donald Mcdonnell Ph d. chairman of the Duke Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology and senior author
Though a magnetic reversal is a major planet-wide event driven by convection in Earth's iron core there are no documented catastrophes associated with past reversals despite much searching in the geologic and biologic record.
of which can cause genetic mutations a weakening or temporary loss of the field before a permanent reversal could increase cancer rates.
We should be thinking more about what the biologic effects would be said Renne. Dating ash deposits from windward volcanoes The new finding is based on measurements of the magnetic field alignment in layers of ancient lake sediments now exposed in the Sulmona basin of the Apennine Mountains east of Rome Italy.
and Department of Plant Biology and co-author. They go into quiescence to conserve energy and nutrients.
This marriage of materials science and biology could give birth to a flexible sensitive coating that is easy and cheap to manufacture in large quantities.
The work to be published Oct 14 in the journal Nature Communications could lead to new types of biological sensors flow valves
This work represents a unique convergence of the fields of biomimetic materials biomolecular engineering and synthetic biology said principal investigator Dr. Sanjay Kumar UC Berkeley associate professor of bioengineering.
We created a new class of smart protein-based materials whose structural principles are inspired by networks found in living cells.
Kumar's research team set out to create a biological version of a synthetic coating used in everyday liquid products such as paint
To create the biological equivalent of a polymer brush the researchers turned to neurofilaments pipe cleaner-shaped proteins found in nerve cells.
In biology precision is said critical Kumar. Proteins are synthesized generally with the exact same sequence every time;
This kind of sequence precision is difficult if not impossible to achieve in the laboratory using the tools of chemical synthesis. By harnessing the precision of biology
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