'Your disease is caused by a mutation in gene X, and we're going to correct this mutation to treat it'."
'"In theory, genome engineering will eventually allow us to permanently cure genetic diseases by editing the specific faulty gene (s)."Genome engineering involves the targeted, specific modification of an organism's genetic information.
precisely defining every base pair mutation in the strains.""The surprise was that the changes involved alterations in the genes encoding two potent toxins that contribute to human infections,
Protein aggregates can also occur through changes in the protein structure due to mutation or chemical or environmental stresses.
"says Phd candidate Daniel Hunter from the UNSW School of Biological, Earth and Environmental sciences.""The devil is the obvious answer.
"Hunter is the lead author of a study published in the journal Biological Conservation, which highlights the potential benefits of using the devil as a replacement apex predator.
so key mutations might be missed. To meet this challenge Wilson and Wu's team designed a streamlined assay,
or test, that looks at just the 88 genes known to carry mutations that cause heart problems.
Chemistry & Biology. Making Leptin Last Longer Lerner's laboratory helped pioneer techniques for generating billions of different antibodies
#Plant growth requires teamwork between two hormones The scientists used plants with mutations, which impaired the activity of brassinosteroids.
"So using this method we can look at interactions between four biological components inside a cell in three-dimension and at very high resolution of about 10 nanometers,
"The applications are mostly in fundamental research and cell biology at this point, but hopefully it will lead to medical applications.
#New embryo image processing technology could assist in IVF implantation success rates A collaboration between biologists
and quickly recreate microenvironments found across biology. To illustrate the potential of their technique, the Illinois team mixed breast cancer cells and cells called macrophages that signal cancer cells to spread
Arraykilian said his team's synthetic microenvironment lies somewhere in the middle of two extremes in the field of modeling biology:
then you can ask fundamental biological questions.""Kilian said these questions range from the basic--how macrophages signal to the breast cells--to the more long-term:
"Now, researchers can ask more sophisticated biological questions than they could, "Kilian said. And they can do it quickly.
Additionally, the NAPA platform has shown the capabilities to analyze a wide variety of biomolecules and xenobiotics in a broad class of samples, making it the foundation for matrix-free laser desorption ionization.
and Argonne National Laboratory turned to biology. There are no naturally occurring proteins known to bind uranyl,
The findings, detailed online in Nature Chemical Biology on Aug 31, 2015 have widespread implications for a broad range of industrial, scientific and medical applications in
keeping the whole biological machine running smoothly. But in diseases such as breast cancer, the breakdown of this order has been associated with the rapid growth and spread of tumors."
but also to experiment with specifically adding in a single cell with a known cancer mutation to different parts of the organoid to observe its effects.
as a tenet of modern biology held that only viruses and living microbes such as bacteria could transmit disease.
but some inherited forms are associated with mutations in the alpha-synuclein gene. While the mechanisms aren't fully understood,
researchers believe these mutations predispose the normal proteins to misfold into infectious prions. Other factors,
The team demonstrated that it only takes 4 days for human MSA tissue to infect cultured cells with alpha-synuclein mutations,
They presented their findings Aug 26 at the 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society in Milan, Italy.
An advantage of this system is that magnetic fields are able to pass freely through biological tissues,
followed by thorough clinical, biochemical and molecular biological investigations, the researchers found the causative mutation
and characterized the disease which is given the name RCDP5. The researchers believe that studies of the effect of the newly discovered genetic error will provide new insight into other diseases.
whom he suspected were both carriers of the unknown disease causing mutation. After clinical and diagnostic odyssey in the following years,
For a long time molecular biologists believed that RNA is a short-lived storage medium. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), the blueprint of every living thing, is transcribed into RNA,
This way the researchers obtain data for each type of mutation as well as precise mutation frequencies at any position of the RNA.
the functional consequence of every possible mutation can be quantified. The researchers can also determine which part and structural configuration of the RNA is investigated responsible for the function.
which mutations are tolerated by the virus and which not, a factor that is useful for the design of therapeutic RNA,
The research will be published by the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, the world's largest society of biomedical engineers."
and quality of life,"said V. Reggie Edgerton, senior author of the research and a UCLA distinguished professor of integrative biology and physiology, neurobiology and neurosurgery.
These individuals have a rare gene mutation that leads to full-blown disease around age 49. However, in a few outliers, the disease manifests up to a decade later."
"said co-author Kenneth S. Kosik, co-director of UCSB's Neuroscience Research Institute and a professor in the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental biology."
"We know they have the mutation. Why are they getting it so much later when the mutation so powerfully determines the early age at onset in most of the family members?
We hypothesized the existence of gene variant actually pushes the disease onset as much as 10 years later."
"Although the gene mutation in the Colombian population is extremely rare, this variant is added not, "he."
#Mathematical'Gingko trees'reveal mutations in single cells that characterize diseases A new interactive analysis program called Gingko has been released that reduces the uncertainty of single-cell analysis
and provides a simple way to visualize patterns in copy number mutations across populations of cells.
and provides a simple way to visualize patterns in copy number mutations across populations of cells.
Mutations come in many forms. For example in the most common type of mutation, variations may exist among individual people--or cells--at a single position in a DNA sequence.
Another common mutation is a copy number variation (CNV), in which large chunks of DNA are deleted
either from or added to the genome. When there are too many or too few copies of a given gene or genes, due to CNVS,
Such mutations have been linked not only with cancer but a host of other illnesses, including autism and schizophrenia.
In addition, Gingko constructs phylogenetic trees based on the profiles, allowing cells with similar copy number mutations to be grouped together.
#New molecule found to prevent preterm birth Premature births are linked intimately with inflammation of the uterine tissue, a biological response
said University of Illinois microbiology professor William Metcalf, who led the research with U. of I. chemistry professor Wilfred van der Donk."
because we know they are predisposed strongly to have biological activity--antibiotic activity, antiviral activity, herbicidal activity,
a single gene that is required for most types of phosphonate biosynthesis. Postdoctoral researcher Jiangtao Gao then worked with Ju to purify
chemical and biological functions of the protein in the human body, will speed up the drug discovery process
Vogel and her co-authors, SMU biologist John G. Wise, and doctoral candidates Courtney A. Follit and Frances K. Brewer, reported their findings in the journal Pharmacology Research & Perspectives.
chemical and biological functions of the protein in the human body, will speed up the drug discovery process
Vogel and her co-authors, SMU biologist John G. Wise, and doctoral candidates Courtney A. Follit and Frances K. Brewer, reported their findings in the journal Pharmacology Research & Perspectives.
By combining nanoscience and biology, researchers led by scientists at University of California, Berkeley, have taken a big step in that direction.
Yang said his hybrid inorganic/biological systems give researchers new tools to study photosynthesis --and learn its secrets."
By combining nanoscience and biology, researchers led by scientists at University of California, Berkeley, have taken a big step in that direction.
In a roundtable discussion on his recent breakthroughs and the future of synthetic photosynthesis, Yang said his hybrid inorganic/biological systems give researchers new tools to study photosynthesis
"said Joseph Falkinham, a professor of microbiology in the College of Science and an affiliate of the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery."
"It's essential that we continue to research basic biology to further understand how cells become cancerous.
#Microbiologists describe new insights into human neurodegenerative disease Microbiology researchers at the University of Georgia studying a soil bacterium have identified a potential mechanism for neurodegenerative diseases.
The UGA research team, led by microbiology professor Lawrence Shimkets, showed for the first time that HSD10 can mitigate oxidative damage."
and Wyss Institute Founding Director Donald Ingber, M d.,Ph d.,who is also the Judah Folkman Professor of Vascular Biology at Harvard Medical school and Boston Children's Hospital and Professor of Bioengineering
which was chosen as the Paper of the Week in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, the scientists created novel assays to more accurately measure the brain's energy production.
They found that the genetic mutation associated with Leigh's disease compromised ATP levels, and this reduction of ATP was enough to cause significant cellular dysfunction."
"We really need to understand the basics of cell biology in a normal setting in order to comprehend changes in disease,
which were published in September's print edition of the FASEB Journal (Federation of American Societies for Experimental biology),
Hervé and Professor Keevil (Centre for Biological sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental sciences. The team that conducted the study now forms the basis of the University's Network for Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Prevention (NAMRIP) Strategic Research Group,
a leading journal in the field of developmental biology, open up new avenues for design of drugs for ataxia, a motor coordination disorder.
from the Department of Biological sciences and Mechanobiology Institute at NUS, collaborated with researchers from the Yong Loo Lin School of medicine at NUS
by Professor Margit Burmeister of U-M. The research team looked at the biological roles of BNIP
suggesting that the loss of acetylcholine secretion resulting from BNIP-H mutation could explain some of the symptoms of Cayman ataxia.
which protects the body from harmful mutations and infections. However, scientists had understood not fully RIPK3's role in the immune system.
Patricia A. Martin-Deleon, a reproductive biologist at the University of Delaware, has witnessed this behavior many times in her studies of fertility in mice, the closest genetic model to humans (and with a much faster reproductive cycle.
who Is distinguished the Trustees Professor of Biological sciences at UD. The research, supported by the National institutes of health-National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the Delaware INBRE program, is published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry.
It is one of the top most viewed articles published online this summer under the Membrane Biology affinity group, according to the editorial offices of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular biology.
Understanding what happens in the fertilization process takes a little walk down biological memory lane
a reminder of nature's course that led to most of us. Once the egg is released from an ovary
since individuals carrying mutations of one of a variety of genes account for the largest group of infertile couples."
a journal in the field of developmental biology, open up new avenues for design of drugs for ataxia, a motor coordination disorder.
from the Department of Biological sciences and Mechanobiology Institute at NUS, collaborated with researchers from the Yong Loo Lin School of medicine at NUS
by Professor Margit Burmeister of U-M. The research team looked at the biological roles of BNIP
suggesting that the loss of acetylcholine secretion resulting from BNIP-H mutation could explain some of the symptoms of Cayman ataxia.
#Scientists reveal how stem cells defend against viruses Scientists from the Institute of Molecular and Cell biology (IMCB), a research institute under the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR),
and virus biology that could translate into valuable therapeutic and diagnostic applications Dr Jonathan Loh,
"Fundamental research on human biology seeks to understand crucial biological processes occurring within humans in order to bring advancement in therapeutics
or tissue which are telltale signs of DNA mutation or the presence of cellular malfunctions such as cancer.
Macdonald, a Canada Research Chair in Islet Biology, associate professor in the University of Alberta's Faculty of medicine & Dentistry and member of the Alberta Diabetes Institute, is the senior author of a landmark study in the Journal of Clinical Investigation.
and is the first time that scientists have reported the ability to create biological structures that are programmed readily to assemble
with a flick of a switch and a temperature jump, make a huge range of biological molecules that either assemble or disassemble."
and then go back to explore how biology is already making use of them
#Two-drug combination shows promise against one type of pancreatic cancer One form of pancreatic cancer has a new enemy:
an associate professor in the UF College of Medicine's department of anatomy and cell biology. Finding new treatments is critical
#Physiologists uncover a new code at the heart of biology UT Southwestern physiologists trying to understand the genetic code have found a previously unknown code that helps explain which protein should be created to form a particular type of cell.
as the finding uncovers an important regulatory process that impacts all biology, "said Dr. Yi Liu, Professor of Physiology.
This can have important implications for identifying human disease-causing mutations because this study indicates that a mutation does not have to change amino acid identity to cause a disease.
In fact, most mutations in human DNA do not result in amino acid change.""Therefore, our study indicates that the new"code"--the speed limit of assembly--within the genetic code can dictate the ultimate function of a given protein,
"said Dr. Liu u
#Metastatic breast cancer cells turn on stem cell genes It only takes seconds: one cancerous cell breaks off from a tumor, slips into the bloodstream and quickly lodges elsewhere in the body.
said Andrei Goga, MD, Phd, professor of cell and tissue biology, and of medicine at UCSF and a co-corresponding author on the new study."
--which a consortium of researchers at UCSF are applying to diverse biological and clinical questions--could have a major impact on the emerging field of precision medicine."
describe the unexpected biological features of this new system and demonstrate that it can be engineered to edit the genomes of human cells."
and their natural biological function was described initially in 2010 and 2011. The application of the CRISPR-Cas9 system for mammalian genome editing was reported first in 2013, by Zhang and separately by George Church at Harvard.
leaving'blunt ends'that often undergo mutations as they are rejoined. With the Cpf1 complex the cuts in the two strands are offset, leaving short overhangs on the exposed ends.
led by Dr Esther Julián, of the Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, has discovered that one of these,
Now, researchers at DTU Systems Biology have combined genetics with computer science and created a new diagnostic technology based on advanced self learning computer algorithms
are based on analyses of DNA mutations in cancer tissue samples from patients with metastasized cancer,
The pattern of mutations is analysed in a computer program which has been trained to find possible primary tumour localizations.
Associate professor Aron Eklund from DTU Systems Biology explains:""We are pleased very that we can now use the same sequencing data together with our new algorithms to provide a much faster diagnosis for cancer cases that are difficult to diagnose,
or replaced by modern techniques that give the physician an indication of the elasticity of a biological tissue.
'Complex array of mutations found in rare, aggressive leukemia Sezary syndrome (SS), an aggressive leukemia of mature T cells, is complicated more at a molecular level than ever suspected, according to investigators from the Perelman School of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.
complementary gene sequencing approaches to look for mutations in tumor cells from SS patients: whole-genome sequencing in six subjects,
They identified previously unknown recurrent loss-of-function mutations that target genes regulating epigenetic pathways--ones that act on how tightly
and they found that loss-of-function mutations and/or deletions in ARID1A occurred in over 40 percent of the SS genome studied.
They also identified"gain-of-function"mutations in PLCG1, and JAK1, JAK3, STAT3 and STAT5B.
In preliminary drug-mutation matching studies they found that JAK1-mutated SS cells were sensitive to JAK inhibitors,
"With knowledge like this, we can design clinical trials using JAK inhibitors for SS patients based on their JAK mutations,
"The Penn team, in collaboration with Alain Rook, MD, director of the Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma Program and a professor of Dermatology, aims to develop a molecular taxonomy for mutations in SS patients.
From this, they will also be able to identify distinct subsets of the disease to stratify patients for precision therapy based on their unique mutations and the inhibitors available for those mutations s
& Technology, was conducted at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Department of Chemical engineering and Department of Genetics and Microbiology) in collaboration with the University of Barcelona (Research Group in Applied Mineralogy and Fluid Geochemistry) and the Helmholtz Centre
Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine. While current HIV treatments involve pills that are taken daily, the new regimens'long-lasting effects suggest that HIV treatment could be administered perhaps once or twice per year.
especially mutations, has become critically important for the detection of diseases and design of therapies to treat them.
In previous work, the lab designed probes that find single-nucleotide mutations in DNA while using"competing"probes to bind to healthy sequences
"In one of many successful tests, the lab designed molecules to detect mutation sequences in historic biopsy samples preserved in wax from cancer patients.
faster and cheaper answers for researchers and clinicians who are looking at hundreds or thousands of different mutations,
Dassarma, Phd, a professor of microbiology and immunology at the school,"GVNPS offer a designer platform for vaccines
and foundcas9 RNP-induced mutations 24 hours after transfection. These newly cloned lettuce cells showed no mosaicism
Finally, the team demonstrated that RGEN-induced mutations were maintained after regeneration. Using a Cas9 RNP
which had the mutation from the previous generation. They were able to definitively show that Cas9 RNPS can be used to genetically modify plants,
faster and more accurate to apply to plants than previous breeding techniques (like radiation-induced mutations).
and works by analyzing an interference pattern created when a beam of light that travels through a biological sample,
A device that detects in saliva a biological indicator of a possible risk of TYPE II DIABETES is the development of a technological and scientific team of the Tec de Monterrey (Mexican University) in collaboration with the University of Houston.
and is applied now to biology.""While the idea is to make the patient's life easier,
"Ferritin, which is as close as biology has given us to a naturally magnetic protein nanoparticle,
Taking advantage of the layered structure of many biological specimens, Sebastian Streichan and Idse Heemskerk created the Image Surface Analysis Environment (Imsane),
"Such data allows us to answer basic questions about developmental biology and the role of physics in shaping the developing body,"Heemskerk added.
"Often in biology, the action is curved on a surface of interest. Although the recording of the cube containing this surface is 2 TB,
"The program is especially useful for biologists who otherwise would have to acquire the skillset and hardware to handle large data
"In the near future, the group plans to apply their method to a wide range of biological materials,
they form a biological film over the titanium to protect themselves from antibiotics. Once the implant is colonized by germs,
A team of microbiologists based at the University of California, Berkeley, recently figured out one such new way of detecting life.
The basic structure of the current tree goes back 40 years to the microbiologist Carl Woese, who divided life into three domains:
300 to 1, 500 phyla that microbiologists estimate wel have once a complete accounting is finished.
Other biological molecules do not appear to interfere with the probe. Wei says the ethod could
And Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo from the City university of Hong kong says his interesting work will inspire the development of molecular probes and assays for biomolecules with high selectivity and sensitivity.
A similar"synthetic biology"technique is used already to make artemisenin, a key malaria-drug ingredient that was derived previously from trees (see Reuters story of August 12, 2014, http://reut. rs/1j2ovkj).
says neuro biologist Howard Eichenbaum at Boston University in Massachusetts. But he cautions that mimicking it could be difficult
and users simultaneously benefit from learning how to conduct microbiology experiments. Post/Biotics are using the power of an unlimited amount of citizen scientists to increase the research potential of antibiotic discovery.
UC San francisco scientists identified a biological escape hatch that explains the resistance, and developed a strategy in mice for shutting it down.
Between 10 and 35 percent of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients carry mutations in a gene that codes for a cell-surface protein called the epidermal growth factor receptor, or EGFR.
But the EGFR mutations seen in NSCLC cause the receptor to be stuck in an nposition, leading to rampant cell proliferation.
Understanding the biological basis of acquired resistance has proved difficult, partly because patients with late-stage lung cancer rarely undergo surgery,
They found that the tumor cells retained the EGFR mutation targeted by erlotinib and had acquired not additional cancer-driving mutations,
or any other mutations known to confer drug resistance. These results suggested that the cells were still potentially susceptible to erlotinib,
but had enlisted some additional mechanism to survive treatment. That mechanism was revealed when cells from the tumor were implanted in mice that were treated then with erlotinib.
This web of biomolecules that supports and controls gene activity is known as the epigenome. The researchers say having the ability to steer the epigenome will help them explore the roles that particular promoters
But the real excitement from their results is an emerging ability to probe millions of potential enhancers in a way never before possible. ome genetic diseases are straightforwardf you have a mutation within a particular gene,
Assistant professor Ajai Vyas from NTU School of Biological sciences said he findings from the research clearly show the potential of enhancing the growth of brain cells using deep brain stimulation. round 60 per cent of patients do not respond to regular antidepressant treatments
#Biologists identify brain tumor weakness Biologists at MIT and the Whitehead Institute have discovered a vulnerability of brain cancer cells that could be exploited to develop more-effective drugs against brain tumors.
a professor of medicine and cellular biology at Northwestern University who was not part of the research team.
and new biological ways to identify and stratify the ASD population into clinical sub-types
#Computer-Designed Rocker Protein Worlds First To Biomimic Ion Transport For the first time, scientists recreated the biological function of substrate transportation across the cell membranes by computationally designing a transporter protein.
Jacob Cheadle and Deadric T. Williams and was published online in the American Journal of Human biology s
the most common building block today for biosynthesis. e believe our system is a revolutionary leap forward in the field of artificial photosynthesis,
solar-powered green chemistry using sequestered carbon dioxide. ur system represents an emerging alliance between the fields of materials sciences and biology,
says Michelle Chang, an expert in biosynthesis. or example, the morphology of the nanowire array protects the bacteria like Easter eggs buried in tall grass
a research team, led by a UC San francisco biologist, has isolated energy-burning eigefat from adult humans,
said senior investigator Shingo Kajimura, Phd, UCSF assistant professor of cell and tissue biology, School of dentistry, with a joint appointment in the UCSF Diabetes Center and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center
deepening their understanding of cell biology and human disease. SPADE analysis showing the multiple subsets of immune and nonimmune cells that Cytof technology can detect from a single sample.
Along with Yale colleagues in internal medicine and immunobiology she authored a paper published in the Journal of Immunological Methods in 2014 that demonstrated the technology ability to detect multiple signals from a sample of as little as 1, 000-10,000 cells.
with applications for everything from fuel cells to biological implants. t a huge step for nanofabrication, said Jan Schroers, professor of mechanical engineering and materials science at Yale,
Prof Sader says this technique revolutionises molecule detection for biologists or indeed anyone who wants to measure extremely small objects.
and inertial imaging could prove very useful for biological scientists. ou can imagine situations where you don know exactly what you are looking for,
one of the main organisms used to study cell biology. In further experiments with the flies
The study findings are to be published in the journal Nature Cell biology online April 27. ur study results showed that ATP synthase has a new function during stem cell development
says senior study investigator and cell biologist Ruth Lehmann, Phd, the Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Professor of Cell biology at NYU Langone and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator.
Moreover, Lehmann says that because ATP synthase energy production is common among all cells that have a nucleus,
Indeed, Lehmann, who also serves as director of NYU Langone Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and chair of its Department of Cell biology,
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