Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine. While current HIV treatments involve pills that are taken daily, the new regimenslong-lasting effects suggest that HIV treatment could be administered perhaps once or twice per year.
biological fluids containing bacteria and blood. Not only did the material repel all the liquid and show anti-biofouling behavior but the tungsten oxide actually made the steel stronger than steel without the coating.
Another avenue for application is functional 3d printing and microarray devices, especially in printing highly viscous and sticky biological and polymeric materials where friction and contamination are major obstacles.
U s. Navy spends tens of millions of dollars each year dealing with the ramifications of biofouling on hulls.
and modelling complex biological molecules s
#Buildings producing their own energy prepared for tomorrow's cities An innovative façade, able to turn solar energy into heat for residentsuse,
"said Ellington, professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences and member of the UT Center for Systems and Synthetic biology."
an essential function for every living cell,"said Huilin Li, a biologist with a joint appointment at Brookhaven Lab and Stony Brook University."
when DNA is miscopieda major source of mutation that can lead to canceror learn more about how a single cell can eventually develop into the many cell types that make up a multicellular organism.
The scientists are conducting additional studies to explore the biological significance of this unexpected location.
This architecture could also potentially play an important role in developmental biology by providing a pathway for treating the two daughter strands differently.
with those in materials science, to realise a biological outcome, Professor Wallace said. his paves the way for the use of more sophisticated printers to create structures with much finer resolution. 3d printing of layered brain-like structures using peptide modified gellan gum substrates
Brain-like structures were constructed using a bio-ink consisting of a novel peptide-modified biopolymer,
therefore adds further support to the concept that sleep subserves a distinct biological function of sleep
#How Chronic Inflammation Can Lead to Cancer Researchers discover how the immune system can create cancerous DNA mutations when fighting off infection.
the researchers unveil how one of a battery of chemical warfare agents used by the immune system to fight off infection can itself create DNA mutations that lead to cancer.
DNA sequencing of a developing gastrointestinal tumor revealed two types of mutation: cytosine (C) bases changing to thymine (T) bases,
the 5clc instead paired with an adenine base around 5 percent of the time a medically relevant mutation frequency, according to Essigmann.
and causes the same kind of mutations seen within cells, Fedeles says. hat gave us confidence that this phenomenon would in fact happen in human cells containing high levels of 5clc.
What more, the C-to-T mutation characteristic of 5clc is extremely common, and is present in more than 50 percent of mutagenic ignatures,
or patterns of DNA mutations, associated with cancerous tumors. e believe that in the context of inflammation-induced damage of DNA,
many of these C-to-T mutations may be caused by 5clc, possibly in correlation with other types of mutations as part of these mutational signatures,
and structural biology approaches, the researchers have found that 5-chlorocytosine is intrinsically miscoding during DNA replication
and it could give rise to significant frequencies of C-to-T mutation, a type of mutation that is frequently observed in human cancers,
Wang says. Studies of tissue samples of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease have found significant levels of 5clc,
the researchers predict that accumulation of the lesions would increase the mutation rate of a cell up to 30-fold,
The study appears in the journal PLOS Biology. t an impressive demonstration of imaging our feelings,
which have neurodegenerative biology similar to glaucoma, may also be mediated actively by the brain. ur work has illustrated that the brain will not let us lose control of the same function on both sides of the brain
The research will be published by the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, the world largest society of biomedical engineers. t will be difficult to get people with complete paralysis to walk completely independently,
and quality of life, said V. Reggie Edgerton, senior author of the research and a UCLA distinguished professor of integrative biology and physiology, neurobiology and neurosurgery.
The restoration of sensation with implanted neural arrays is one of several neurotechnology-based advances emerging from DARPA 18-month-old Biological Technologies Office,
which protects the body from harmful mutations and infections. However, scientists had understood not fully RIPK3 role in the immune system.
The study was published recently online ahead of print by the journal Biological Psychiatry. The molecule in question is known as a regulator of G protein signaling (RGS PROTEIN,
you could look specifically for RGS7 levels for any disabling mutation with a simple blood test,
Floating on top of the film was made a membrane of molecules resembling those found in the membranes of biological cells.
First, it expands our knowledge of the biological role of Vitamin b12, which was understood already to help convert fat into energy,
says Catherine Drennan, a professor of chemistry and biology at MIT. The findings are detailed this week in the journal Nature.
says Rowena Matthews, a professor emerita of biological chemistry at the University of Michigan, who has read the paper.
said senior author Michael Levin, Ph d.,the Vannevar bush Professor of Biology at Tufts and director of the Tufts Center for Regenerative and Developmental biology.
Like biological evolution evolutionary computation does not randomly or exhaustively test each possibility, but instead uses incremental improvement and selection to rapidly converge on a solution. he artificial intelligence system evolved a pathway that correctly explains all the existing and very puzzling data.
In addition to Levin and Lobikin, paper authors were Douglas J. Blackiston and Elizabeth Tkachenko of the Department of biology and Center for Regenerative and Developmental biology, Tufts University;
or replaced by modern techniques that give the physician an indication of the elasticity of a biological tissue.
The researchers are now attempting to block fibrinogen using biological and small-molecule approaches as potential new therapies to suppress autoimmunity directed against the brain,
Associate professor in the Department of Organismal biology and Anatomy at the University of Chicago and senior author of the study. ow we understand the nuts and bolts of stimulation,
#Gel scaffold paves way for 3d printing of biological organs To improve 3d printing, simply add gel.
if wee ever to print the biological structures that make up organs, blood vessels and other tissue.
or osteogenesis imperfecta, is caused by mutations in the gene for making collagen a tough, flexible material that strengthens bone.
It will then gradually expand its scope to include biology, physics and the remaining hard sciences, learning from how users interact with software as it goes. e have very specific goals along the way for semantic intensity how deep into a paper our system can get to see what it about,
"says Carrie Albertin, a biologist at the University of Chicago. As technology to sequence DNA has gotten faster and cheaper,
#Single molecule detector reveals biomolecule secrets Supersensitive detection systems are an important element of today's life sciences.
and determining the amount of biomolecules, in order to be able to diagnose diseases earlier, to find new active ingredients faster and more reliably,
but it can also generate a wide range of information about the type and behavior of the marked biomolecules.
#Color-Changing Substance Detects Biological, Mechanical Problems CAMBRIDGE, Mass. Sept. 9, 2015 Responsive to a range of stimuli, a color-changing metallic substance could help detect problems as varied as mechanical strain and pollution.
In this way the material could be used to detect chemical or biological compounds as well as mechanical and thermal conditions."
Researchers at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies used a fluorescent tag that could be added to multiple neurons
The british researchers will present their findings this week at an annual microbiology conference held in the United kingdom. Christina Lee,
and inserted particular mutations in the bacteria DNA to make the enzyme even more powerful. After cultivating the bacteria over five generations,
The agency newest research department, the Biological Technologies Office, is trying to make them better,
Because DNA is always present in a variety of biological environments the idea of a personal DNA hard drive within the body may also be possible.
This in itself is a perfect biological version of what we currently do today with computers.
There also another reason why this personalized biological hard drive may not be the best option. We do not yet have the technology to read it.
Yet while the biological aspects may be suited perfectly for a variety of applications the economic and logistic hurdles suggest we should only focus on a few aspirations.
Aiden, who is also a senior investigator at Rice Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, said the researchers found that a set of proteins acts like the plastic slider,
and showing that the mutations changed the folding pattern exactly as expected. Rao likened the result to a new form of genome surgery:
Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine. While current HIV treatments involve pills that are taken daily, the new regimens'long-lasting effects suggest that HIV treatment could be administered perhaps once or twice per year.
which can be driven by mutations in control regions of the genome. The hope is that overriding one of these switches could uncover
a program director in NSF Division of Environmental Biology, said, abitat fragmentation has large effects,
Lead author Professor John Ladbury, Dean of the University of Leeds'Faculty of Biological sciences and Professor of Mechanistic Biology, said,
"Dr Zahra Timsah, University Academic Fellow at the University of Leeds'School of Molecular and Cellular biology, who was the lead researcher on the study,
The researchers found that a specific genetic mutation in the M1t1 strep clone controls the shift to this invasive form a property
said lead author Mark Walker, Ph d. a Professor of Biological sciences at the University of Wollongong. n the case of the invasive strep clone,
The same genetic mutation that allows the strep bacteria to acquire plasminogen and activate it throughout the body also increases production of the bacteriophage-encoded enzyme that blocks neutrophil killing.
they apply a natural selective pressure favoring the genetic mutation. he mutation allows the bacteria not only to survive neutrophil killing,
the M1t1 strep strain lost its ability to undergo the dangerous mutation and could no longer spread to produce severe infection.
also failed to undergo the mutation to produce serious disease. The collaborative study was initiated during Prof.
#Spontaneous Rare Mutations Cause Half Of Autism Researchers are saying a new analysis of data on the genetics of autism spectrum disorder disputes a commonly held belief that autism results from the chance combinations
of commonly occurring gene mutations, which are otherwise harmless. They find, instead, further evidence to suggest that devastating"ultra-rare"mutations of genes that they classify as"vulnerable"play a causal role in roughly half of all autism spectrum disorder cases.
The vulnerable genes to which they refer harbor what they call an LGD, or likely gene-disruption.
These LGD mutations can occur"spontaneously"between generations and when that happens they are found in the affected child
whose first author is the quantitative biologist Ivan Iossifov, a Cold Spring Harbotr Laboratory assistant professor and on faculty at the New york Genome Center, finds that"autism genes"-i e.,
when mutated, may contribute to an ASD diagnosis-tend to have fewer mutations than most genes in the human gene pool.
Iossifov explains that genes with devastating de novo LGD mutations, when they occur in a child
When parents carry potentially devastating LGD mutations, these are more frequently found in the ASD-affected children than in their unaffected children,
They predicted that unaffected mothers are"carriers"of devastating mutations that are transmitted preferentially to children affected with severe ASD.
Females have unexplained an as yet factor that protects them from mutations which, when they occur in males,
said the study's senior author, Matthew Bogyo, Phd, professor of pathology and of microbiology and immunology at Stanford university School of medicine.
and possibly many more, harbor C. difficile in their gut, said study co-author Justin Sonnenburg, Phd, professor of microbiology and immunology,
including a number of compounds with known biological activity. Bogyo and his associates focused on a compound called ebselen because,
Finally the team had to prove that the electronic signal could be recognized by a biological neuron.
There are six types of biological sensing mechanisms in the human hand and the experiment described in Science reports success in just one of them.
and lung cancers,"said Dr. Nhan Tran, an Associate professor in Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGEN)' s Cancer and Cell biology Division,
"says the molecular biologist Prof. Dr. Susanne Schoch from the department of Neuropathology at the University of Bonn.
They say that ultra-low-power communication systems in wearable devices will transmit signals of much less power than things like MRI SCANNERS and wireless implant devices, with magnetic fields passing freely and harmlessly through biological tissue.
At its current dimensions, it can be draped over very small objects the size of a few biological cells (1, 300 square microns in area),
Knowing this, they hope to understand what triggers mutations in the PRC2 gene, which has been linked to the development of lymphoma, leukaemia,
and how mutations in the gene cause disease,"said one of the team, Xin Liu, from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical centre.
But when the proper functioning of PRC2 is disrupted due to mutations in the PRC2 gene, it can have very serious consequences for a person health."
Kit could one day Be led by widely available Professor Jeffrey Bode of the Institute of Transformative Biomolecules at Nagoya University in Japan,
This web of biomolecules that supports and controls gene activity is known as the epigenome. The researchers say having the ability to steer the epigenome will help them explore the roles that particular promoters
--if you have a mutation within a particular gene, then you have said the disease Isaac Hilton, postdoctoral fellow in the Gersbach Lab and first author of the study."
"said Percival Zhang, a professor in the Department of Biological Systems Engineering, which is in both the College of Agriculture and Life sciences and the College of Engineering.
Typically in biological conversions, these two sugars can only be used sequentially, not simultaneously which adds time and money to the process.
is published in leading scientific journal PLOS Biology on Wednesday 8 april. The research indicates that drug treatments with two antibiotics can be designed to kill bacteria at dosages that would ordinarily cause rapid development of drug resistance and sustained bacterial growth,
although sequential treatments didn't suppress the rise of all drug resistance mutations in the bacteria,
#Biologists identify brain tumor weakness The study, led by researchers from the Whitehead Institute and MIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, found that a subset of glioblastoma tumor cells is dependent on a particular enzyme that breaks down the amino acid glycine.
a professor of biology at MIT and member of the Whitehead Institute, is the paper's senior author.
Matthew Vander Heiden, the Eisen and Chang Career development Associate professor of Biology and a member of the Koch Institute, also contributed to the research,
is a key mediator of oxidative damage and cell death in biological systems. The way cell death occurs
and Dr. Marcus Horwitz, professor of medicine and of microbiology, immunology and molecular genetics. The research was supported by a University of California Discovery Biotechnology Award, the National institutes of health, Nanocav and the National Science Foundation n
appear in the current issue of ACS Chemical Biology.""These are reported the first small-molecule Hur inhibitors that competitively disrupt Hur-RNA binding
and involved the collaboration of chemists, cancer biologists, computer modeling experts, biochemists and biophysicists at KU--notably the labs of Xu, Jeffrey Aub in the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Jon Tunge in the Department of chemistry.
or mutation, in the CACNA1S gene for a child with severe muscle weakness in addition to ophthalmoplegia,
or disease-causing mutation, in the COL6A3 gene, or likely pathogenic variants in the COL6A6 gene.
The International space station is an international science laboratory in low Earth orbit where astronauts conduct scientific research in biology, human biology, astronomy, meteorology and other fields in a gravity-free environment.
This challenge awakened the interest of a team of structural biologists headed by Prof. Valentin Gordeliy
Gordeliys team changed the structure by swapping specific amino acids at the site in question through targeted mutations.
but also one of the mutations seemed to turn KR2 into a light-driven potassium pump--the first of its kind.
"said Renny Franceschi, U-M professor of dentistry, biological chemistry and biomedical engineering. Franceschi and colleagues recently discovered a biomarker that they believe achieves this differentiation.
"says Cesar Castro, MD, of the MGH Cancer Center and Center for Systems Biology, co-lead author of the report."
"The emerging genomic and biological data for various cancers, which can be essential to choosing the most appropriate therapy,
"says Ralph Weissleder, MD, Phd, director of the MGH Center for Systems Biology (CSB) and co-senior author of the paper."
which an anti-HIV drug induces lethal mutations in the virus's genetic material. The findings from the University of Chicago and the Massachusetts institute of technology could bolster efforts to develop the next generation of antiviral treatments.
This strategy seeks to extinguish viruses by forcing their already high mutation rates above an intolerable threshold.
If viruses experience too many mutations, they can't properly manage their genetic material.""They can't replicate
and therefore lead to genetic mutations,"said the study's lead author, Sam Peng, who completed his doctorate at MIT in 2014.
But biochemical experiments and clinical trials have shown that KP1212 induces mutations by pairing with adenine.
and non-protonated forms facilitated the viral mutation rate. Even in the absence of the protonated form, the virus still mutated, just at a lower rate."
and this protonated form induces even higher mutation rates, reaching approximately 50 percent, "Peng said.
Tokmakoff's biological research involves proteins, not DNA. But together their research teams were able to fruitfully undertake one of the first 2d infrared spectroscopic studies of the therapeutic mechanism of an antiviral drug."
the most common building block today for biosynthesis."We believe our system is a revolutionary leap forward in the field of artificial photosynthesis,
"Our system represents an emerging alliance between the fields of materials sciences and biology, where opportunities to make new functional devices can mix
"says Michelle Chang, an expert in biosynthesis."For example, the morphology of the nanowire array protects the bacteria like Easter eggs buried in tall grass
a senior co-author and professor of biological psychiatry at the University of Oslo in Norway."
By screening mice with genetic mutations, the Imperial team discovered a strain of mice that produced 10 times as many cytotoxic T cells
Professor Philip Ashton-Rickardt from the Section of Immunobiology in the Department of Medicine at Imperial, who led the study,
however, are far greater as they can help explaining the biological mechanisms of widespread human diseases involving altered immune and inflammatory responses.
Dr Mike Turner, Head of Infection and Immunobiology at The Wellcome Trust, said: he discovery of a protein that could boost the immune response to not only cancer,
Patients with BRAF mutations had similar outcomes for each of the therapies. The combination therapy also induced effects that continued well after the last administration of the therapy.
It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the was expressed protein (WASP in hematopoietic cells.
#Frequent genomic alteration is identified in a rare subset of breast cancer Genomic profiling identifies genomic mutations in a gene associated with a rare subset of breast cancer,
research shows--mutations that cannot otherwise be identified with standard clinical analysis of cells and tissue.
Research from Rutgers Cancer Institute of New jersey shows genomic profiling identifies genomic mutations in a gene associated with a rare subset of breast cancer--mutations that cannot otherwise be identified with standard clinical analysis of cells and tissue.
As part of the precision medicine initiative at the Cancer Institute of New jersey, investigators--which include colleagues from Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical school and RUCDR Infinite Biologics, the world's largest university-based biorepository,
Nine ERBB2 mutations (42.9 percent) and three amplifications (14.3 percent) were found in the pleomorphic type
and professor of anatomy and regenerative biology at the George washington University School of medicine and Health Sciences."
"said UTMB's Thomas Geisbert, professor of microbiology and immunology.""We were able to protect all of our nonhuman primates against a lethal Makona Ebola infection
Mutations in this gene also cause a rare human disease called the Nail-patella syndrome (NPS
Analysis also revealed a number of'off-target'mutations assumed to be caused by the technique acting in other areas of the genome.
The fact that these researchers found that there were a number of"off target"mutations resulting from the technique they used is clearly a worry in this context.
Prof Sader says this technique revolutionises molecule detection for biologists, or indeed anyone who wants to measure extremely small objects.
and inertial imaging could prove very useful for biological scientists.""You can imagine situations where you don't know exactly what you are looking for,
"Olga and her collaborators have demonstrated that extraordinary results can be achieved by merging deep biological insight with state-of-the-art computational methods,
"A key challenge in human biology is that genetic circuits in human tissues and cell types are very difficult to study experimentally,
and I believe we are still at the early stages of developing new ways to think about biological networks and their control,
The findings, described in the April 28 issue of the journal PLOS Biology, could lead to new approaches for helping people learn more efficiently.
which are problematic for conventional gel electrophoresis, a frequently used technique in biochemistry and molecular biology to size DNA and RNA fragments.
and insights for developing additional therapeutic strategies in the future,"explained Ed Seto, Ph d.,senior member of the Cancer Biology and Evolution Program at Moffitt t
Three atom-thick layers of molybdenum disulfide were cooked up in the lab of Jiwoong Park, associate professor of chemistry and chemical biology and member of the Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science.
Biopharmaceuticals, or biologics, are produced proteins by living cells. Proteins such as catalase are tens of thousands of times larger than the small molecules that make up traditional drugs.
but it also exerts other biological effects, and it can be converted by arginase to alternative compounds that counteract its benefits to the circulation."
Published online ahead of print in the leading microbiology journal Molecular Microbiology, the researchers have identified a building block common to many types of bacterial'virulence factors'(the bacterial proteins
"says first author Matthew Doyle, Phd candidate in the School of Biological sciences.""Our results are very exciting#we are not just talking about one molecule in one particular pathogen but rather a building block
and processes which rely on coupling biological molecules to cell surfaces. The latest findings follow more than a decade of work led by Associate professor Renato Morona looking at how bacteria cause disease.
"We believe that these organoids are an important new tool in the arsenal of cancer biologists
As a result, it has been challenging to predict the drug sensitivity of individual patients based on their unique spectrum of genetic mutations.
The genetic mutations in the organoid cultures closely matched those in the corresponding tumor biopsies and agreed well with previous large-scale analyses of colorectal cancer mutations.
In validation of the approach, the researchers identified previously reported associations between specific mutations and resistance to particular drugs.
indicating that the subset of cancer patients with RNF43 mutations would strongly benefit from a drug that inhibits a protein called porcupine."
based on biological information and performance in statistical analysis. Patients with pancreatic cancer were found to have increased levels of each of the three proteins
to realise a biological outcome, "Professor Wallace said.""This paves the way for the use of more sophisticated printers to create structures with much finer resolution."
In view of the presence of MOCOS in many organs and its involvement in numerous biological and neurobiological functions
while revealing new clinical and biological disturbances in these patients. This work therefore opens new pathways for research
"said lead author of the research, Dr Kevin Gonzales, Post Doctoral Fellow at the Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology at GIS."
"Co-lead author Research Fellow Dr Liang Hongqing at GIS'Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology added,
and atomic nuclei within molecules that take place in less than a tenth of a trillionth of a second--information that will benefit groundbreaking research in materials science, chemistry and biology.
and other biological tissues because of needle buckling or fracturing on penetration. A research team in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering
which dissolves upon contact with biological tissue. Silk fibroin is used as the dissolvable film because it has high biocompatibility,
"The study links a family of enzymes--molecules that act as biological catalysts--known as polyketide synthases (PKS) directly to a complex series of chemical reactions that ultimately add sulfur to leinamycin, a member of the polyketide family of natural products."
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