| Amphibian (79) |  |
| Batrachian (253) | |
| Salamander (92) | |
| Amphibian (79) | |
| Batrachian (253) | |
| Salamander (92) | |
when he connected two metals to the legs of a frog, causing its muscles to twitch.
frogs boiled in oil and fermented goat dung. Greeks from the 4TH CENTURY BC preferred rendered pig fat
oea sample of 9-to 10-year-olds could identify the Budweiser frogs nearly as frequently as they could Bugs bunny. They also say advertisements for prescription medicines like the erectile dysfunction drug Viagra are far too common on television compared to ads for condoms,
#Pesticide Turns Male Frogs into Females The pesticide atrazine can turn male frogs into females that are able to mate
Here, two male frogs mating. The larger animal on the bottom has been feminized completely by atrazine exposure
A commonly used pesticide known as atrazine can turn male frogs into females that are successfully able to reproduce,
While previous work has shown atrazine can cause sexual abnormalities in frogs, such as hermaphroditism (having both male and female sex organs),
And since atrazine interferes with the production of the sex hormone estrogen, present in people and frogs,
Sex change Hayes and his colleagues raised 40 male African clawed frogs in water containing atrazine from when they were larvae all the way up until sexual maturity.
what the frogs would experience in environments where the pesticide is used, and below levels that the U s. Environmental protection agency considers safe for drinking water.
They compared this atrazine-exposed group with 40 other male frogs reared in atrazine-free water.
At the end of the experiment, all frogs in the atrazine-free group remained male, while 10 percent of the frogs exposed to atrazine were feminized completely their genes said they should be male,
but they had female anatomy, including ovaries. The feminized frogs were able to mate with males and produce viable eggs.
In both frogs and humans, sex is genetic. In people, females have two X (sex chromosomes,
while males have one X and one Y. For frogs, the sex chromosomes are labeled as Z
or W and females have dissimilar chromosomes (ZW), while males have matching ones (ZZ). Frogs exposed to atrazine also had reduced testosterone levels, decreased fertility,
and showed less mating behavior. LINK Photo credit: Tyrone B. Hayes, the University of California, Berkeley Share Thissubscribedel. icio. usfacebookredditstumbleupontechnorati T
said Shawn Mccracken of Texas State university. oethere are more species of frogs and toads within Yasunã than are native to the United states and Canada combined.
The scientists also confirmed that an average upland hectare (2. 47 acres) in Yasunã contains more tree species, 655,
Theres nothing quite like freshly grown toad straight from the garden...Keep your friends close,
and tablets, says Mark Rolston of the design firm Frog, is that they re confined by a screen.
the most primitive of three amphibian groups that also include frogs and salamanders. We hope when the locals see the name,
caecilians and frogs vastly more than any other scientist in India and estimates 30-40 percent of the country s amphibians are yet to be found.
the frogs. Only 186 of the world s known amphibious species are compared caecilians with more than 6, 000 frog species a third
of which are considered endangered or threatened. Even people living in northeast Indians misunderstand the caecilians, and rare sightings can inspire terror and revulsion,
USGS). 9.)Frogs or toads won t give you warts, but shaking hands with someone who has warts can.
More recently, researchers attempted to resurrect the gastric brooding frog, extinct since 1984, using cells frozen in the 1970s.
and prostate inflammation and is known to turn<a href=http://www. livescience. com/10957-pesticide-turns-male-frogs-females. html>male frogs into females</a>EWG says.
which infects frogs and other amphibians by way of their skin — has been implicated in the deaths of hundreds of amphibians in recent years including nearly 75 percent of the mountain yellow-legged frog population in California's Sierra nevada mountains.</
</p><p>Researchers have found that immune cells stop functioning and commit apoptosis — essentially cell suicide —
or hcg that's found only in pregnant women marking the first time a single compound was discovered that could indicate pregnancy status. To determine the presence of hcg a sample of the woman's urine was injected into an immature female mouse frog or rabbit.
Testing involving frogs took a bizarre turn in the 1940s when thousands of African clawed frogs were imported for pregnancy testing.
A few escaped carrying with them a fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis that's blamed for a massive die off of native North american frogs and other amphibians.
The rabbit test and other tests like it weren't foolproof: Not only were they expensive
#Cocoa Frog Among New Species Discovered in'Pristine'Ecosystem A chocolate-covered frog and one of the tiniest dung beetles ever found are among the new species discovered during a survey of
Among them was the cocoa frog a tree-climber of the genus Hypsiboas named for its chocolate-colored skin.
The expedition also turned up five other potentially new frog species many insects and one snake.
and the brightly-colored tiger leg monkey frog (Phyllomedusa tomopterna) which earns its moniker from its orange-and-black underbelly and limbs.
Since the 1950s when researchers cloned a frog scientists have cloned dozens of animal species including mice cats sheep pigs and cows.
#Darwin's Frogs Are in Steep Decline Some of nature's most fascinating fathers may be at risk of extinction.
Male Darwin's frogs swallow their offspring in the tadpole stage incubate their young in their vocal sacs
Along with seahorses the frogs are thought to be known the only living vertebrates in which dads take on baby-carrying duties with special sacs that make them look pregnant.
40 Freaky Frog Photos Shrinking range Charles darwin first discovered the frogs while traveling in Chile in 1834.
Scientists who later studied the mouth-brooding animals found that there are actually two species naming one Rhinoderma darwinii (Darwin's frog) and the other Rhinoderma rufum (Chile Darwin's frog.
From 2008 to 2012 a team of researchers led by zoologist Claudio Soto-Azat surveyed 223 sites in the frogs'historical range from the coastal city of Valparaã so south to an area just beyond Chiloã Island.
The findings suggest Darwin's frogs have disappeared from or at least rapidly declined in many locations where they were recently abundant the researchers wrote in a paper published online June 12 in the journal PLOS ONE.
And Darwin's frogs don't seem to be adapting; the survey showed that the remaining populations were clinging to their shrinking native forests.
The researchers recommended that Darwin's frogs be listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN.
Chile Darwin's frogs meanwhile should get a possibly extinct tag the researchers said. Other factors could be contributing to the decline of Darwin's frog.
Their populations have taken a hit from volcanic eruptions in the southern Andes the researchers say. What's more the African clawed frog was introduced to Chile in the 1970s.
That species has been associated with the deadly fungal infection chytridiomycosis which has wiped out amphibian species across the globe.
if Darwin's frogs have been affected by the fungus in the wild but the researchers say it's worth investigating.
Extinct Aussie cousins Darwin's frogs once had a close analog in eastern Australia known as gastric brooding frogs.
Female gastric brooding frogs swallowed their fertilized eggs transformed their stomach into a uterus and gave birth to their sons and daughters through the mouth.
Earlier this year scientists from the University of New south wales announced that they had created early-stage embryos of gastric brooding frogs that were already forming hundreds of cells.
The team said they used cloning methods to implant the DNA-storing nuclei of preserved gastric brooding frog cells in the eggs of Australian marsh frog eggs.
Besides being at risk of deadly fungal infections frogs salamanders and their relatives are more vulnerable to environmental changes
These spiders usually eat insects or small vertebrates like lizards or frogs. Tree dwellers While most funnel spiders live on the ground a few species on the eastern coast of Australia live in wet forest trees.
Tyrone Hayes a biologist at the University of California Berkeley demonstrated a decade ago that atrazine could turn male frogs female publishing his results in prestigious journals such as Nature and the Proceedings of the National Academy
#Pesticides Contaminating Critters in California's National parks Pesticides from California's valley farms are collecting in the tissues of a singing treefrog that lives in pristine national parks including Yosemite
The chemicals include two fungicides never before found in wild frogs said Kelly Smalling lead study author and a U s. Geological Survey (USGS) research hydrologist.
so you can imagine the potential risk to multiple different species. Catching frogs Scientists first noticed sharply declining frog populations in the Sierra nevada starting in the 1980s.
Earlier studies by the USGS researchers found toxic pesticide concentrations in several frog species living in the national parks. In 2009 and 2010 the scientists resurveyed many of the same sites Smalling said.
Their species of choice was the bright-green Pacific chorus frog (also known as the treefrog. On spring nights males gather on the shores of ephemeral ponds and lakes to sing for mates.
That's when biologists headed out with flashlights to spot the frog's eyes and scooped up the silver-dollar-size suitors.
so they don't pay much attention to what's around in their environment Smalling said. 40 Freaky Frog Photos Researchers collected Pacific chorus frogs on a north-south transect across Lassen volcanic national park Lake Tahoe Yosemite national park Stanislaus National Forest
and Giant sequoia National monument. They tested frog tissue water and sediment samples for more than 90 different pesticides and fungicides.
Complex causes The most common chemicals in the frogs were the agricultural fungicides pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole and the herbicide simazine.
The chemical concentrations were often higher in frog tissues than in the environment. The contaminants in the water and sediments were ridiculously low Smalling said.
The frogs may store up small exposures over time or there simply wasn't any pesticide
While scientists agree that pesticides likely contribute to the dramatic decline in amphibians there are many reasons that frogs are disappearing.
In the Sierras introducing trout into mountain lakes also hit frogs hard because the fish gobbled up tadpoles and tiny frogs.
Climate change is another factor. The complexity is very hard to deal with Shaffer said.
what's accumulating in at least some frogs and that gives you candidates to simplify the problem.
poll options 50 163=Gastric brooding frog; poll options 50 165=Saber-toothed cat; load poll (50; But DNA from extinct species doesn't need to be preserved in Arctic conditions to be useful to scientists researchers have been able to start putting together the genomes of extinct species from museum specimens that have been sitting on shelves for a century.
Other species disappeared before scientists had a chance to study their remarkable biological abilities like the gastric brooding frog which vanished from Australia in the mid-1980s likely due to timber harvesting and the chytrid fungus.
This was not just any frog Mike Archer a paleontologist at the University of New south wales said during his talk at TEDXDEEXTINCTION which was broadcast via livestream.
These frogs had a unique mode of reproduction: The female swallowed fertilized eggs turned its stomach into a uterus
No animal let alone a frog has been known to do this change one organ in the body into another Archer said.
He's using cloning methods to put gastric brooding frog nuclei into eggs of living Australian marsh frogs.
I think we're gonna have this frog hopping glad to be back in the world again he said.
and researchers have created previously glowing bunnies frogs and evenâ glow-in-the-dark cats in the name of science.
We would catch tadpoles put them in our backyard pond and watch them turn into frogs.
Spending time outside has led to a fascination with the natural world that continues to this day.
if their efforts result in grandkids researchers say. 8. Frog taxi service The strawberry poison arrow frog pulls out all the stops
and once the tadpoles hatch she ferries each one on her back from the rain forest floor up to trees as tall as 100 feet (30 meters).
Up in the trees mama frog seeks out safe water pool nurseries in the leaves for each baby.
Mama frog then feeds her hatchlings some of her own unfertilized eggs over the next six to eight weeks of their development into frogs.
They eat small game such as rodents rabbits fish and frogs and larger game like deer.
Herndon and his colleagues in Peru have recorded indigenous people employing hallucinogenic frog slime to heighten sensory acuity.
Wild hamsters also eat insects frogs lizards and other small animals. A captive hamster's diet should be at least 16 percent protein and 5 percent fat according to Canadian Federation of Humane Societies.
How Snakes Slither Up Trees Corn snakes enjoy a diet of rodents lizards frogs small birds bats and bird eggs.
</p><p>The teensy female poison arrow frog literally goes above and beyond when taking on the duties of motherhood.
and watching them hatch the strawberry poison arrow frog carries her tadpoles one by one on her back from the rain forest floor up into trees as high as 100 feet.
After hoisting her babes to the treetops the frog then finds individual pools of water in leaves for each tadpole setting up safe and individualized nurseries.
The mother strawberry poison arrow frog then feeds each of her young with her own unfertilized eggs over the course of six to eight weeks
thus allowing these tadpoles to grow into young frogs without having to eat each other. What eggs again?</
Some species of freshwater turtles such as snapping turtles also eat small mammals frogs snakes fish and even other smaller turtles according to Connecticut's Department of energy and Environmental Protection.
Lakes in the region held fish frogs and salamanders. It was uncertain what Changyuraptor ate
and stealth to take down deer peccary monkeys birds frogs fish alligators and small rodents. If wild food is scarce these large cats will also hunt domestic livestock.
while some lizards and tree frogs simply adhere to surfaces using specialized toe pads which contain tiny hairs that produce a short-range electrostatic force (called a Van der waals force) with a surface's molecules.
along with a new golden skink and a frog that live in boulder fields during a National geographic-sponsored expedition.
Of eight species of South american frogs studied, four showed some sensitivity to the herbicide mixture at concentrations below the application rate used in Plan Colombia,
The researchers also found that frog larvae in small artificial ponds showed few toxic effects from glyphosate exposure
the pond studies of frogs, he notes, do not give enough information about the soils present to be sure that they were not adsorbing more of the herbicide mixture than would normally occur in the wild.
What's more, in one particular species of frog (Rhinella granulosa), about a third of adults died after being exposed to glyphosate at concentrations equivalent to field applications.
Relyea notes that the research also confirms his own studies of how much glyphosate is sufficient to kill half the frogs in a population3 a concentration known as the LC50.
whether the frogs are exposed to those concentrations. The glyphosate-surfactant mixture could cause problems when it is sprayed in frog habitats,
such as a rut in the road or a ditch beside a field, where some frog species live
and reproduce in temporary shallow pools. If those chemicals are being sprayed in those areas, then it is quite possible that you will get concentrations that cause toxicity,
She is now ramping up the project a study of the neural basis of social communication in the frog Xenopus.
so I don't have to clean frogs any more. It's not bad to clean the frogs for a while,
but at some point it keeps you from being productive. The other scientist who was profiled, Jill Rafael-Fortney, 40,
Almost two-thirds of species, including many birds, frogs, butterflies, trees and grassland flowers, breed or bloom earlier.
Scientists have linked previously the extinction of Costa rica's iconic mountaintop golden toad Bufo periglenes to climate change.
The golden toad was endemic to Costa rica's Monte Verde preserve. It went through three major population declines each preceded by an extremely dry and hot year2.
The third such event was followed by toad extinction. What has happened looks like a clear case of extinction driven by three extreme years.
F. KRAUSTINIEST frogs This tiny adult female frog (Paedophryne dekot) is the world's smallest tetrapod, according to Fred Kraus at the Bishop Museum in Honolulu
) Just 8. 5-9. 0 millimetres long from snout to vent about a millimetre shorter than other tiny frog species the amphibian was found living in leaf litter
A large number of diminutive frogs live in the region, which Kraus says may be a biological oddity.
However, he also points out that miniature frogs are hard to find in the field,
The rebirth of an extinct frog species may come from the freezer, not the stomach.
The gastric brooding frog, when it existed On earth, swallowed its eggs, transformed its stomach into a womb
But the frog disappeared from the mountains of southern Australia shortly after it was discovered in the 1970s,
While tadpoles may be a long way off, let alone a viable frog, the southern gastric brooding frog might be the first species brought back from the dead permanently.
The first de-extinction happened in 2003, although it lasted all too briefly. Scientists coaxed a clone of an extinct ibex from Spain to birth from a special hybrid goat.
as Archer is attempting to do with the gastric brooding frog. Their first target is the passenger pigeon,
It would be awkward to teach your young child that the cow goes moo the frog goes croak
Those pesticides are bad for the worms frogs and most everything else but things still rot back into soil
Small frogs organs and embryos are able to survive freezing. However mammals are too big but
and California the Hibiscadelphus Woodii a flowering tree in Hawaii and the Dusky Gopher Frog located in Harrison County Mississippi.
when a frog or a monkey looked down at itself pronounced itself satisfied and said Voilã Â I am done.
Initial studies indicate though that they may possibly have a strong effect on amphibians such as frogs.
and other freshwater crustaceans but also on small vertebrates including the lungfish frogs and small turtles that are preserved with it in the Two Tree Site fossil deposit.
A profusion of tree and plant species as well as one third of Peru's mammal bird and frog species make their home in these perennially wet regions located along the eastern slopes of the Andes mountains.
Published in Evolutionary Applications the Pitt study found that wood frog populations residing farther from agricultural fields are not very tolerant to a particular type of insecticide
This is the first study to show that tadpole tolerance to insecticides can be influenced by exposure to insecticides extremely early on in life--in this case as early as the embryonic stage said study principal investigator Rick Relyea Pitt professor of biological sciences within the Kenneth P
--which also included Nathan Morehouse Pitt assistant professor of biological sciences--examined three potential factors that might allow larval wood frogs to have a high tolerance to the insecticide:
Later they exposed the same individuals to a lethal concentration of the insecticide at the tadpole stage
and measured the tadpoles'mortality rates over the course of several weeks. Next the team wanted to observe
whether insecticide tolerance played a role in the frogs'acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) a key enzyme in the nervous system of animals.
Carbaryl is known to bind itself to this ACHE enzyme in frogs causing their nervous systems to slow.
The Pitt team measured the concentration of total tadpole ACHE in a sample of tadpole bodies finding that low exposure levels of carbaryl stimulated the tadpoles to produce greater amounts of the enzyme--making them more tolerant to the insecticide later in life.
#Pesticides contaminate frogs from Californian national parkspesticides commonly used in California's Central Valley one of the world's most productive agricultural regions have been found in remote frog species miles from farmland.
Our results show that current-use pesticides particularly fungicides are accumulating in the bodies of Pacific chorus frogs in the Sierra nevada said Kelly Smalling a research hydrologist from the U s. Geological Survey.
The Pacific chorus frog Pseudacris Regilla can be found in abundance across the state's Sierra nevada mountain range.
As with other amphibians agrochemicals potentially pose a threat to chorus frogs as exposure to pesticides can decrease their immune system thereby increasing the risk of disease.
The team collected frogs as well as water and sediment samples from seven ponds ranging from Lassen volcanic national park at the northern most point of Central Valley to the Giant sequoia National monument in the valley's southern extent.
of which were found in frog tissues from all sites said Smalling. We found that even frogs living in the most remote mountain locations were contaminated by agricultural pesticides transported long distances in dust and by rain.
Two fungicides commonly used in agriculture pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole and one herbicide simazine were the most frequently detected compounds
and this is the first time these compounds have ever been reported in wild frog tissue. Another commonly detected pesticide was DDE (Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene) a breakdown product of DDT
A comparison of the frog tissue with water and sediment collected from the same sites shows that the frogs were the more reliable indicator of chemical exposure.
#A lost frog in the lost world? Ecotourism and Conservation--Can it work? In the context of a study in the forests of Central Guyana a team of scientists from the Senckenberg Research Institute in Dresden investigated this very question
and by chance found a previously undiscovered species of frog that only exists in a very confined area of the so-called Iwokrama Forest.
The original aim of the study was to investigate the populations of Hoogmoeds harlequin frog (Atelopus hoogmoedi)
in order to find out whether these morphologically very variable frogs may be affected by the planned tourism activities. The results will lead in the medium term to a sustainable development plan for the area with Atelopus receiving the role here of a so-called flagship species i e. a species which stands as representative for the protection of the entire area.
A frog that is virtually already lostduring the fieldwork for this project the researchers were struck by an inconspicuous brown frog only the size of a thumbnail
which they could not assign to any known species. As it turned out it was indeed a hitherto undescribed species of poison dart frog
As inconspicuous as the frogs appear they are unique. To date only three species of the genus Allobates are known from Guyana one of which the Cuckoo frog Allobates spumaponens Kok
& Ernst 2007 was described for the first time by the same team in 2007. Moreover the newly discovered little frog is known the third micro-endemic species
i e. which only occurs in the very small area of the Iwokrama Mountains. So far only a gecko and a caecilian a legless amphibian are known from this area as having a similarly limited distribution Because of their limited distribution
The golden mouse ornate chorus frog and southern cricket frog--three of the species that will likely be on the move in southeastern U s.--were among the nearly 3000 mammals birds
#Threatened frogs palmed off as forests disappearoil palm plantations in Malaysia are causing threatened forest frogs to disappear paving the way for common species to move in on their turf scientists have revealed.
The study carried out by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) describes how forests converted to palm oil plantations are causing threatened forest dwelling frogs to vanish resulting in an overall loss of habitat that is important for the conservation of threatened frog
Scientists travelled to Peninsular Malaysia where they spent two years studying communities of frog species in four oil palm plantations and two areas of adjacent forest.
The peat swamp frog (Limnonectes malesianus) is just one of the declining species threatened due to deforestation.
and if palm oil plantations continue to take over the peat swamp frog along with its forest home could be a thing of the past.
Existing practices in managing oil palm are not accommodating the highly threatened forest frog species in Malaysia
New Guineatiny frog: Living vertebrates--animals that have a backbone or spinal column--range in size from this tiny new species of frog as small as 7 millimeters to the blue whale measuring 25.8 meters.
The new frog was discovered near Amau village in Papua new guinea. It captures the title of'smallest living vertebrate'from a tiny Southeast Asian cyprinid fish that claimed the record in 2006.
The adult frog size determined by averaging the lengths of both males and females is only 7. 7 millimeters.
With few exceptions this and other ultra-small frogs are associated with moist leaf litter in tropical wet forests--suggesting a unique ecological guild that could not exist under drier circumstances.
Endangered Forest Eugenia petrikensis Country: Madagascarendangered shrub: Eugenia is a large worldwide genus of woody evergreen trees and shrubs of the myrtle family that is particularly diverse in South america New caledonia and Madagascar.
< Back - Next >
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011