Sponge

Brachiopod (2)
Coelenterate (129)
Comb jelly (60)
Invertebrate (64)
Sponge (73)
Starfish (22)
Worm (588)

Synopsis: 4.4. animals: Invertebrate: Sponge:

The practice of biomimicry already taps into nature's ingenuity oe for example, the famous hexagonal skin of Norman Foster's Gherkin was inspired by the Venus Flower Basket sponge,

the Amazon rainforest will no longer be able to act as a carbon emission sponge, which will amplify the impacts of

The lettuce seeds are planted in sponges in frames that have to be moved manually The lighting equipment, culture solution,

It turns out that our breasts are almost like sponges, the way they can soak up some of these chemicals,

and spread on a glass substrate that s covered in a forest of zinc oxide nanowires and titanium dioxide sponges.#

Roman philosopher Seneca who lived from 4 B c. to A d. 65 recorded the use of a sponge attached to a stick that did the job.

but studies have shown that the kitchen sponge tops the list. It beats out other germ-laden locations such as the kitchen sink pet bowl

and sanitize your sponge make sure it' s wet then zap it in the microwave for 30 seconds every evening

Be careful when removing the sponge because it will still be hot. &nbsp;</</p><p>To cool off a hot head count to 10

(which is held by trees such as 5000-year-old bristlecone pines) the discovery does add to the list of long-lived cold-loving species. Sponges in Antarctica may live for up to 10000 years

This was a spot previously held by sponges. To understand the implications of this finding we have to remember that multicellularity was a big step in evolution that occurred over 550 million years ago.

Sponges were the obvious choice for the first experiment in cellularity as they have no nervous system few cell types and no organisation of tissues.

Porifera (sponges) Cnidaria (jellyfish and anenomes) and Placozoa (there is no common name for Placozoa. Together these animals comprise the non-bilateria

) Sponges by contrast have no cell types and no nervous system. No wonder we thought sponges were the more primitive organism.

The sea walnut genome contained 16548 protein coding genes 44%of which shared homology-a type of ancestry-with non-Ctenophores.

and sponges do not but sponges do have required the genes for nervous system development and function.

This means that the ancestor of all animals may have had advanced quite an nervous system and these structures (but not their genes) were lost in the lineage that led to sponges.

Another major finding concerned the development of the main cell types in early animals. Embryonic cell layers develop into specific types of tissues.

The nervous system was lost subsequently in the lineages that led to Porifera and Placozoa but survived in the Cnidarians and the Bilaterians.

Glass sponges for instance produce a skeleton of glass spicules tiny spike-like structures but not a hard shell.

Fossils of the shallower coastal waters around the Pangaea continental shelf indicate that reefs were large and diverse ecosystems with numerous sponge

They also received wet sponges at regular intervals to keep them hydrated. They Kwong and Bennett justturned up the air conditioning all the way and wore sweaters Moran says.

Sea turtles depending on the species may eat seagrasses algae sponges sea squirts squid shrimp crabs jellyfish cuttlefish or sea cucumbers.

Normally, sponges are identified as the first to evolve, followed by the cnidaria jellyfish, sea anemones and their kin and then by the comb jellies.

and is now comparing it to sequences from sponges, cnidarians, worms and other animals to sort out which lineages came first.

the results suggest that sponges and comb jellies appeared before cnidarians2. The matter is settled far from, however.

Genome reveals comb jellies'ancient originanimals evolved gradually, from the lowly sponge to the menagerie of tentacled,

This idea makes such intuitive sense that biologists are stunned now by genome-sequencing data suggesting that the sponges were preceded by complex marine predators called comb jellies.

They are much more complex than sponges they have nerves, muscles, tissue layers and light sensors, all of which the sponges lack."

"It s just wild to imagine that comb jellies evolved before sponges, says Billie Swalla, a developmental biologist at the University of Washington in Seattle and a leading member of the team sequencing the genome of the comb jelly Pleurobrachia bachei.

or as close to the base as, sponges on the tree.""We ve always thought that predator-prey interactions

and sensory adaptations evolved long after the origin of sponges, Swalla says.""Now we need to imagine early life as a sponge, ctenophore and everything in between.

Because millions of species have gone extinct since animals appeared some 542 million years ago, Swalla says,

the ancestor of all animals might look different from modern comb jellies and sponges. Gene families, cell-signalling networks and patterns of gene expression in comb jellies support ancient origins as well.

sponges and comb jellies lack other gene families that all other animals possess2, 3. If comb jellies evolved before sponges,

the sponges probably lost some of their ancestors'complexity. Alternatively, says Sally Leys, a biologist at the University of Alberta in Edmonton,

sponges may have complexity that scientists have yet to appreciate.""A lot of sponges are more exquisite than a lump on a rock,

she says. Sceptics wonder whether a high rate of genetic mutation in comb jellies might be causing the lineage to seem closer to the bottom of the tree than it really is."

"In the analyses I ve done, ctenophores are the most problematic taxon. They jump around depending on

In it, sponges remained rooted in their bottommost spot

Bumblebees sense electric fields in flowersas they zero in on their sugary reward, foraging bumblebees follow an invisible clue:

scalding-hot liquid to start with then a feverish but perfringens friendly 100 to 115 degrees Fahrenheit for the starter sponge and dough.

and baking soda into a batter-like sponge and keep it warm for a few more hours until it too swells with bubbles.

To make the sponge: 1 t baking soda 1 C water warmed to 120ãf the starter 2 C all-purpose flouradd the soda

1 t salt the sponge 3 to 4 C all-purpose flour1. Stir salt into sponge then knead in enough flour to make a resilient dough.

Divide the dough between 2 greased loaf pans and allow to rise in a warm place until the volume has increased significantly 2 to 6 hours. 2. Preheat oven to 425ãf.

Their results lend credence to a controversial phenomenon known as the sponge effect which is at the center of a debate about how to minimize flood damage

Evidence to support the sponge effect was lacking for tropical forests leading some to question its validity.

One of reasons why there isn't more scientific evidence for the sponge effect is that you have to take

what nature dishes out said Stallard a staunch proponent of the sponge effect who is seen often wearing Sponge Bob socks.

#Top 10 new species of 2012an amazing glow-in-the-dark cockroach a harp-shaped carnivorous sponge

Lyre Sponge Chondrocladia lyra Country: NE Pacific ocean; USA: Californiacarnivorous sponge: A spectacular large harp-or lyre-shaped carnivorous sponge discovered in deep water (averaging 3399 meters) from the northeast Pacific ocean off the coast of California.

The harp-shaped structures or vanes number from two to six and each has more than 20 parallel vertical branches often capped by an expanded balloon-like terminal ball.

This unusual form maximizes the surface area of the sponge for contact and capture of planktonic prey.

Lesula Monkey Cercopithecus lomamiensis Country: Democratic Republic of the Congoold World monkey: Discovered in the Lomami Basin of the Democratic republic of the congo the lesula is an Old world monkey well known to locals

It has become common for topnotch studies to report genealogies that strongly contradict each other in where certain organisms sprang from such as the place of sponges on the animal tree

It has become common for topnotch studies to report genealogies that strongly contradict each other in where certain organisms sprang from such as the place of sponges on the animal tree

The approach foresees big changes for one of the planet's great carbon sponges. Boreal forests will likely shift north at a steady clip this century.

and even sponges to soak up oil. Unfortunately carbon nanotubes are also the prima donna of nanomaterials;

but a five-minute walk toward the bay will put you ankle-deep in tidal sludge filled with snails sponges and sea squirts.

If you use the sponge that you use to wash dishes research has shown that those sponges actually contain a lot of other bacteria

and help chaperone them out of the blood before they can infect more cells It's like a sponge that mops up a lot of the virus in the body says Schnell.

Like insect sponges they absorbed the heat which lowered temperatures. After 15 minutes a time brief enough to prevent serious harm to the bees the theater light was turned off.

Dr Salentinig said the structure is similar to a sponge potentially enhancing the absorption of milk's healthy fats.

a miniscule skeleton shrimp from Santa catalina Island in California a single-celled protist that does a credible imitation of a sponge a clean room microbe that could be a hazard during space travel and a teensy fringed fairyfly named Tinkerbell.

It ends up looking much like a carnivorous sponge as well as feeding like one extending pseudopods (a protist's version of arms) outside the shell to feed on invertebrates that have become trapped in the spiny structures.

Interestingly they are the same caves where carnivorous sponges were discovered first. Clean room Microbes: Alien Invaders?

at Viakable Technology and Research center in Monterrey Mexico and a research collaborator at Carbon Sponge Solutions in Houston.

it was the Venus'Flower Basket sea sponge, a glowing creature that thrives in the inky depths of the sea.

it's like putting a sponge in the soil. Biochar has very high surface area, so it soaks up everything around it.

< Back - Next >

Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011