Coelenterate

Brachiopod (2)
Coelenterate (129)
Comb jelly (60)
Invertebrate (64)
Sponge (73)
Starfish (22)
Worm (588)

Synopsis: 4.4. animals: Invertebrate: Coelenterate:

and waters warm there will be a global shift"from a fish to a jellyfish ocean Â. Its author Ferdinando Boero, Professor of Zoology at Salento University,

eat them Â. So look out for jellyfish cookbooks. And keep the salt, pepper and ketchup handy.

-which enables us to grow organisms that do not exist in nature by manipulating their DNA oe to create trees that produce a natural light-producing protein usually found in jellyfish.

says one so-called"tutor queen Â. Can a jellyfish unlock the secret of immortality? Nathaniel Rich New york times 28 november 2012like Benjamin Button, a species of Turritopsis does something unusual oe it appears to age in reverse,

The idea that the secret to human immortality lies within this jellyfish is overstated somewhat, its cells may be immortal,

but who by night is a karaoke singer and minor celebrity called Mr Immortal Jellyfish Man.

Similar to growing coral in the oceans or crystals in a laboratory growing rocks may become an expansive new area of farming.

Corals are marine animals that exist as small polyps, typically in colonies of many identical individuals.

the polyps lay down a skeleton that is characteristic of their species. A head of coral grows by asexual reproduction of the individual polyps.

#Glow-in-the-dark pigs created using jellyfish DNA http://www. vimeo. com/82227865 Scientists in China have used jellyfish DNA to create glow-in-the-dark piglets.

South China Agriculture University scientists were able to create the glow-in-the-dark pigs by injecting fluorescent protein from jellyfish DNA into pig embryos.

which coral protects itself from UV rays through its relationship with a symbiotic algae that lives within it.

which is converted by the coral into its own UV-blocking sunscreen, benefiting not only the coral

and the algae but also the fish that feed on the coral. This transference has led scientists to believe that

if the compound can be isolated, it could potentially be modified into a human oral sunscreen that would protect both the skin and the eyes.

Swimming with the jellyfish, similar to running with the bulls!..Unicycle basketball, because playing the game was way too easy the other way!..

Cape coral, Fla. 155,405 72 Brownsville, Texas 175,210 71 Mckinney, Texas 131,882 71 Coral Springs, Fla. 122

and coral are animals.)Because the algae go dormant in the winter when sea ice blocks incoming sunlight the calcite layers develop visible bands that are similar to tree rings Halfar said.

During the Little Ice age when volcanoes and sun cycle variations caused a global cooling from the 1300s to the 1800s the coral's underwater tree rings narrowed suggesting extensive sea ice cover and short summers.

Animals that appear superficially similar (such as jellyfish and comb jellies) can be quite different at a genetic level.

Porifera (sponges) Cnidaria (jellyfish and anenomes) and Placozoa (there is no common name for Placozoa. Together these animals comprise the non-bilateria

It now appears that the closest relative of Bilaterians are jellyfish while the most ancient animals are the comb jellies.

and Placozoa but survived in the Cnidarians and the Bilaterians. Finally and most profoundly the shape of the evolutionary tree of all animals has taken on a new shape.

So don t confuse comb jellies with jellyfish. I think of the Ctenophores as a semaphore signalling some profound truths to us (in a blue green glow) across the vastness of time about animal origins and biological organisation.

Jellylike animals called hydras (Hydra magnipapillata) have low mortality rates that are constant throughout their lives.

Hydra die so infrequently in laboratory conditions that researchers estimate it would take 1400 years for 95 percent of a population to die of natural causes.

Hydras have constant fertility rates their entire lives. And many animals other than humans have life spans that continue past their reproductive years including killer whales (Orcinus orca) mynah birds (Leucopsar rothschildi) and nematode worms (Caenorhabditis elegans.

Geneticists have bred GMO pigs that glow in the dark by inserting into their DNA a gene for bioluminescence from a jellyfish.

Mollusks and corals also thrived in the oceans but the big news was what was happening on land:

The forest had become an artificial reef attracting fish crustaceans sea anemones and other underwater life burrowing between the roots of dislodged stumps.

The pigs'embryos were injected with a molecule from bioluminescent jellyfish that carries instructions to make green fluorescent protein or GFP.

Dr. Chris Kellogg who studies the microbiomes of deep-sea corals works at the United states Geological Survey (USGS). She's one of about 8500 scientists at the agency

Imagine Hercules fighting a Hydra that grows heads like a tree. If he cuts off one head the<a href=http://www. livescience. com/11320-top-10-beasts-dragons-reality-myth. html>mythic monster</a>simply grows back a certain number

Amazingly Hercules will always prevail against the Hydra eventually and chop off all of the Hydra&#39;

and chooses the most efficient strategy the Hydra will first grow more than a googolplex of heads (or 10 raised to the power of 10 raised to the 100 power).<

but thought they were a new kind of jellyfish. However a closer look revealed no stinging cells the hallmark of true jellyfish.

No tentacles dangle from the Dendrogramma and their tiny hairless bodies also lack the swimming cilia that define comb jellies another type of translucent ocean blob.

I think their closest relatives are probably the Cnidaria true jellyfish and the comb jellies even if we can't place them in either of those phyla.

Humans and jellyfish are both in the Kingdom animalia for instance. Instead both of the strange new species bear an uncanny resemblance to several 600-million-year-old Ediacaran fossils the earliest animals.

She also photographed 2000-year-old brain corals off the coast of Tobago and 13000-year-old underground forests of dwarf mobola trees with crowns of leaves poking above the surface of South african soil.

The mid-to late Triassic period shows the first development of modern stony corals and a time of modest reef building activity in the shallower waters of the Tethys near the coasts of Pangaea.

Sea turtles depending on the species may eat seagrasses algae sponges sea squirts squid shrimp crabs jellyfish cuttlefish or sea cucumbers.

For instance leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) which can reach a whopping 1100 pounds (500 kilograms) use their scissorlike jaws to munch on a jellyfish-only diet according to the Sea turtle Conservancy.

and jellyfish were on the menu here at the Waldorf Astoria hotel Saturday night (March 15).

I want to look at this clonal desert organism and this coral and these bacteria. That's the benefit of coming at something from a different angle.

and horn corals. Placoderms (the armored fishes) underwent wide diversification and became the dominant marine predators.

A closer look revealed sea anemones their bodies burrowed into the ice and tentacles extended to filter-feed from the water below.

For example while many corals have been decimated as ocean temperatures rise some have become quite resilient to acidifying waters.

believe that Eoandromeda is the ancient ancestor of modern ocean dwellers known as comb jellies gelatinous creatures similar to jellyfish,

followed by the cnidaria jellyfish, sea anemones and their kin and then by the comb jellies. Eoandromeda puts a little piece of weight in favour of a more basal position for comb jellies,

which, like humans, flies and sea anemones, have biradial or bilateral symmetry their body plan can be sliced into only two identical pieces.

If Eoandromeda appeared after the cnidarians, the authors argue, bilateral symmetry would have to have evolved twice once for the cnidarians

and again for the bilateral organisms that came after Eoandromeda. Far simpler is the idea that Eoandromeda evolved first (see'Simplest solution'.

cnidarians, worms and other animals to sort out which lineages came first. So far, he says,

Until the past few years, most researchers had thought that Greenland contributed at least half of the 6-8 Â metres of Eemian sea-level rise that has been deduced from records of ancient corals and other markers2.

Although they are gelatinous like jellyfish, comb jellies form their own phylum, known as ctenophores. Trees of life typically root the comb jellies'lineage between the group containing jellyfish

and sea anemones and the one containing animals with heads and rears which include slugs, flies and humans.

Comb jellies paddle through the sea with iridescent cilia and snare prey with sticky tentacles. They are much more complex than sponges they have nerves, muscles, tissue layers and light sensors, all of which the sponges lack."

certain sea anemones can bud identical twins from the sides of their bodies. Aphids bees and ants can reproduce asexually.

and coral is beneficial to other species (note that the era where cartiledge fish like sharks developed was a high free carbon era

The strength of the reflected waves also helps distinguish metal from mud or coral. For a group like Bentprop the use of advanced oceanographic instruments is a huge technological leap forward

if the features are purely biological like coral heads or actual wrecks. Moline pauses on an image with an oblong shape.

Long gangly strands of black coral grow up and through the corroded metal. The front motor and propellers have broken away from the body of the plane

a large bulbous coral head has taken up occupancy in the cockpit. Originally painted blue with a white star

Either that or you're like a hydra and can reproduce by budding?@@D#I think you fail to understand what science is.

In addition Academy scientists discovered a new genus of beetle and a previously unidentified genus of sea fan.

A case of mistaken identity points to need for increased protectionsthis year Academy scientists identified three new species of soft corals and two new species and a new genus

of sea fan found off the Pacific coast. For 100 years the fiery red sea fan with long elegant branches had been lumped in with 36 other species of Euplexaura until Academy octocoral expert Gary Williams was able to set the record straight.

Williams the Academy's Curator of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology encountered the sea fan now named Chromoplexaura marki during a two-week survey of the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary

Along with the sea fan are three new species of worm eels three colorful gobies three nudibanchs two snappers two now-extinct species of sand dollars corals barnacles and two

what's best for land ecosystems is also best for coastal corals. The study appears in the online edition of Marine Policy.

#Coral reef gardens found thriving in Gulf of Mainenew research has found a type of coral reef called Octocorals previously thought to have diminished off the east coast of the US in the Gulf of Maine has been discovered recently surviving in dense coral garden communities in more than one location.

However based on past accounts of where corals had been had found it appeared that a century of fishing with bottom contact gear had reduced their distribution to just a small habitable area.

Other areas were found to have supported single and small collections of coral on exposed gravel patches.

Atlantic cod cusk pollock and silver hake were observed searching and catching prey amidst corals whilst Acadian redfish used the coral for cover.

The researchers recommend greater conservation attention to these spatially rare octocoral garden communities in the Gulf.

#The pig, the fish and the jellyfish: Tracing nervous disorders in humanswhat do pigs jellyfish and zebrafish have in common?

It might be hard to discern the connection but the different species are all pieces in a puzzle.

The pig the jellyfish and the zebrafish are being used by scientists at Aarhus University to among other things gain a greater understanding of hereditary forms of diseases affecting the nervous system.

The zebrafish and the jellyfish The zebrafish is as a model organism the darling of researchers

We thus attached the relevant gene SYN1 to a gene from a jellyfish (GFP) and put it into a zebrafish in order to test the specificity of the gene explains Knud Larsen.

This is because jellyfish contain a gene that enables them to light up. This gene was transferred to the zebrafish alongside SYN1

The inclusion of tropical tree-ring records enabled the team to generate an archive of ENSO activity of unprecedented accuracy as attested by the close correspondence with records from equatorial Pacific corals and with an independent Northern hemisphere

For decades researchers have struggled to understand why many different organisms--trees fish corals insects--from various habitats reproduce synchronously

and corals allow researchers to quantify climate variation prior to instrumental measurements. An international research team has investigated now hundreds of these proxy records from across the globe

The hypothesis suggests for example that marine ecosystem managers who want to help tropical fish should focus on sustaining foundational species in the ecosystem such as corals.

#Mangroves protecting corals from climate changecertain types of corals invertebrates of the sea that have been On earth for millions of years appear to have found a way to survive some of their most destructive threats by attaching to and growing under mangrove roots.

Scientists with the U s. Geological Survey and Eckerd College recently published research on a newly discovered refuge for reef-building corals in mangrove habitats of the U s. Virgin islands.

More than 30 species of reef corals were found growing in Hurricane Hole a mangrove habitat within the Virgin islands Coral reef National monument in St john. Corals are animals that grow in colonies forming reefs over time as old corals die

and young corals grow upon the calcium carbonate or limestone skeletons of the old corals. Coral reefs make up some of the most biologically diverse habitats On earth

It is from these threats that corals are finding refuge under the red mangroves of Hurricane Hole.

and corals are growing on and under these roots. How does it work? Mangroves and their associated habitats and biological processes protect corals in a variety of ways.

Bleaching occurs when corals lose their symbiotic algae. Most corals contain algae called zooxanthellae within their cells.

The coral protects the algae and provides the algae with the compounds they need for photosynthesis. The algae in turn produce oxygen help the coral to remove waste products

and most importantly provide the coral with compounds the coral needs for everyday survival. When corals are prolonged under physiological stress they may expel the algae leading to the condition called bleaching.

When examining corals for this study researchers found evidence of some species thriving under the mangroves

while bleaching in unshaded areas outside of the mangroves. Boulder brain corals for example were found in abundance under the mangroves

and were healthy while many of those in unshaded areas a short distance away were bleaching.

Adapting to Climate Change? Organisms throughout the world are threatened as climate and other conditions change.

If they can find ways to adapt as it appears these coral have they can continue to survive as part of an invaluable piece of this world's intricate ecological puzzle.

It is known not how many other mangrove areas in the world harbor such a high diversity of corals as most people do not look for corals growing in these areas.

No coral reefs have been identified to date that protect from rising ocean temperatures acidification and increased solar radiation like these mangrove habitats in St john. Story Source:

The above story is provided based on materials by United states Geological Survey. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

A major concern is the response of calcifying organisms such as corals algae mollusks and some plankton because their ability to build shell

Scientists found similarities between the organisms and members of Ctenophora and Cnidaria and suggest that they may be related to one of these phyla.

Crystal formation may cause jellyfish born in microgravity to lose their sense of direction and could potentially affect humans in the same way.

#Dramatic decline of Caribbean corals can be reversed: Stop killing parrotfish to bring back Caribbean coral reefswith only about one-sixth of the original coral cover left most Caribbean coral reefs may disappear in the next 20 years primarily due to the loss

since 1970 including studies of corals seaweeds grazing sea urchins and fish. The results show that the Caribbean corals have declined by more than 50%since the 1970s.

But according to the authors restoring parrotfish populations and improving other management strategies such as protection from overfishing and excessive coastal pollution could help the reefs recover

The rate at which the Caribbean corals have been declining is truly alarming says Carl Gustaf Lundin Director of IUCN's Global Marine and Polar Programme.

the fate of Caribbean corals is not beyond our control and there are some very concrete steps that we can take to help them recover.

The decline in corals started long before climate change began to affect reefs says Terry Hughes author of the 1994 study that predicted the current problems due to parrotfish removal.

and a sea anemone that lives under an Antarctic glacier are among the species identified by the SUNY College of Environmental science and Forestry's (ESF) International Institute for Species Exploration (IISE) as the top 10 species discovered last

Antarctica A species of sea anemone living under a glacier on the Ross Ice shelf in Antarctica raises questions by its very existence.

It is the first species of sea anemone reported to live in ice. It was discovered when the Antarctic Geological Drilling Program (ANDRILL) sent a remotely operated submersible vehicle into holes that had been drilled into the ice.

Carbon is sequestered naturally in the environment, fixed in the wood of forests, the coral of reefs, the peat of bogs,

protein from jellyfish DNA into the pig embryos. The plasmids are tiny DNA molecules, separate from chromosomal DNA,

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