because bacterial movement is a key mechanism for the spread of infection as infectious bacteria literally swim to disseminate in the urinary tract
and Materials Engineering finds that cranberry-enriched silicone substrates impaired the spread of Proteus mirabilis. Those results published online in the journal Colloids and Surfaces B:
Biointerfaces point to potential use for cranberry derivatives to hinder the spread of germs in implantable medical devices such as catheters
#New risk factors for bowel cancerfizzy drinks cakes biscuits chips and desserts have all been identified as risk factors for bowel cancer according to new research.
and a diet high in foods that contain a lot of sugar and fat. Researchers looked at risk factors including diet levels of physical activity and smoking in a large Scottish study.
These included fruit vegetables fish and meat as well as high-energy snack foods like chocolates nuts and chips and fruit drinks including fruit squash.
The study#which used data from the Scottish Colorectal Cancer Study#carried out in 2012 builds on previous research into the link between bowel cancer and diet.
which is high in meat fat and sugar. The healthy dietary pattern was found to be associated with a decreased colorectal cancer risk
while the western dietary pattern was found to be associated with an increased risk. Dr Evropi Theodoratou of the University of Edinburgh's School of Molecular Genetic and Population Health Sciences said:
What we have found is very interesting and it merits further investigation using large population studies.
While the positive associations between a diet high in sugar and fat and colorectal cancer do not automatically imply'cause
Evidently a sexual exchange and mixtures of the genetic material of different mildew varieties have occurred several times in the course of the millennia giving rise to new mildew varieties that were able to attack new sorts of wheat.
and West Texas. The study assessed the potential changes in number of eggs laid in a nest incubation start date
Increased temperatures and reduced humidity may lead to lesser prairie-chicken egg death or nest abandonment. The research showed that warm winter temperatures had the largest negative effect on reproductive success. Scientists suggest that above-average winter temperatures were correlated with La Niã a events
Larger expanses of habitat means that more chickens will live and nest there allowing for better odds that some nests will be successful.
and hamper efforts to restore our hay meadows new research has shown. Work by scientists at Newcastle University UK has looked at the impact slugs have on grassland biodiversity
Deroceras reticulatum prefers to feed above ground and is particularly fond of seedlings which is why they can have such a devastating impact on this type of conservation project.
#Snakes devour more mosquito-eating birds as climate change heats forestsmany birds feed on mosquitoes that spread the West Nile virus a disease that killed 286 people in the United states in 2012 according to the Centers
#Whole chickens from farmers markets may have more pathogenic bacteriaraw whole chickens purchased from farmers markets throughout Pennsylvania contained significantly higher levels of bacteria that can cause foodborne illness compared to those purchased from grocery stores in the region
according to a small-scale study by researchers in Penn State's College of Agricultural Sciencesof 100 whole chickens purchased from farmers markets 90 percent tested positive for Campylobacter
By comparison during the same period 20 percent of raw whole organic chickens purchased from grocery stores were found to contain Campylobacter bacteria and 28 percent tested positive for Salmonella.
Just 8 percent of raw whole nonorganic conventionally processed chickens from the grocery stores tested positive for Campylobacter and 52 percent of those contained Salmonella.
Overall the chickens purchased at the farmers markets carried higher bacterial loads than the birds purchased at grocery stores.
The significantly higher bacteria levels in chickens sold at farmers markets prompted the researchers to look for a cause.
Potentially hazardous foods such as milk cheeses and raw meat and poultry also are popular at these venues.
The fact that the chickens from farmers markets had much higher levels of Campylobacter and Salmonella indicated that there's something else going on Cutter said.
and beef industry Liu said. In the past 60 years we paid more attention to milk or beef production as a sign of herd success but even as milk production goes up the animal's fertility goes down
which means it's time to pay more attention to male fertility now. The researchers identified 1274 genes in the male specific region of the bovine Y chromosome compared to the 31 to 78 genes associated in the Y chromosomes of various primates.
#Do antibiotics in animal feed pose a serious risk to human health? As fears rise over antibiotic resistance two experts on The british Medical Journal website today debate
whether adding antibiotics to animal feed poses a serious risk to human health. David Wallinga from Keep Antibiotcs Working:
He points to data showing that in 2009-11 72%of all US sales of antimicrobials comprised those routinely added to water or animal feed.
He points to Denmark the world's leading pork exporter which reduced antimicrobial use in livestock production by 60%while increasing pork production by half since 1994.
Based on a growing body of evidence almost every European and North american public health authority agrees that routine antibiotic use in animal food production likely worsens the epidemic of resistance he writes.
But Veterinarian David Burch argues that medicated animal feed poses no additional risk of resistance development than giving a human patient an oral antimicrobial.
But Burch argues that use of antibiotics in feed was associated not with an increase in MRSA because no products
The chickens now are primarily found in the Great plains in Kansas--particularly the Smoky Hills
reproductive components such as clutch size timing of laying eggs and hatchability of eggs; survival rates;
Grazing and fire management practices can affect how much nesting cover is available for chickens. A lot of what drives nest survival is the local conditions around the nest Sandercock said.
Patch-burn grazing involves dividing a pasture into three parts and burning a third of the pasture each year.
The practice creates a rotation basis so that each third of a pasture rests for two years.
The silicon-palladium sandwiches rest upon a thin layer of aluminum that combines with a base layer of p-doped silicon to act as a diode.
Food and nutrition researchers have found that by offering a dip flavored with spices children were more likely to try vegetables--including those they had rejected previously.
Vegetables provide fiber and necessary nutrients. They can also replace less healthy food choices and combat obesity because they are less calorie-dense.
Savage and colleagues found that children were three times more likely to refuse eating a vegetable alone than they were to eat the same vegetable when paired with a reduced-fat flavored dip.
And the children were twice as likely to reject a vegetable with no dip than they were given
if the same vegetable with plain dip. The researchers report in a recent issue of the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition
The children were reintroduced then to the same vegetables this time with a dip and each child's likes
when it was paired with a dip flavored with spices than when it was eaten alone. The children tasted
carrots cucumbers celery green beans red peppers and yellow squash. After tasting each vegetable the children were shown three cartoon faces
In the next session the children were introduced to five different Miracle Whip-based reduced-fat dips one plain and the other four flavored with different combinations of spices.
The most well-liked dips were flavored pizza and ranch; the least-liked dips were herb and garlic.
After the initial tastings and ratings the preschoolers were given veggies and dip together. Thirty-one percent of them deemed a vegetable alone to be yummy
but when paired with a flavored dip 64 percent of the children found the vegetable yummy.
On the other end of the spectrum 18 percent of children refused to eat a vegetable by itself
while only six percent would refuse to eat a vegetable when paired with a flavored dip.
and yellow squash paired with a preferred flavored dip. These vegetables were chosen because they were liked the least of the six tested.
when paired with a dip than when it was served alone. The amount of squash eaten by the preschoolers more than doubled
when paired with a flavored dip. The quantity of celery eaten increased 62 percent when paired with a flavored dip.
Just because a child refuses to taste a vegetable doesn't mean they don't like it Savage said.
Scientists at the Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs Gmbh have managed now to film the natural embryonic development and hatching of a chicken in real time through MRI.
To accomplish this the researchers scanned fertilized eggs in a clinical MRI system with a unique imaging technique at an acquisition speed of 12 frames per second.
Siegfried Machemehl chairman of the Poultry Breeding Club GÃ ttingen-Grone provided fertilized eggs of the Marans breed.
The rather large Marans eggs weighing about 65 grams each were a real stroke of luck for us.
The larger the egg the more detailed the features we can observe project leader Roland Tammer reveals.
At the beginning of the research project chicken eggs incubated for ten days were transferred to a regular incubator at the institute at 37.5 degrees Celsius and 70 to 90 percent humidity.
Each day at exactly the same time researchers Shuo Zhang and Arun Joseph withdrew one of the eggs
Crucial for us was to observe the natural dynamics of the chicken embryo Tammer emphasizes.
The unpredictable movements inside the egg during image acquisition however were a true challenge for the scientists.
In order to obtain comparable cross-sectional images the egg was aligned always in the same way. The head of the spirally-rolled bird was the main reference point.
The outbreak of H7n9 earlier this year led China to temporarily close scores of live poultry markets in an effort to limit the spread of the virus
The infant diet has been of particular interest in the origin of the disease according to the study background.
because insulin is needed not for these cells to take in sugars such as glucose. Scientists now however appreciate that insulin does more than facilitate uptake of sugars.
This new study shows a dramatic switching on of the insulin receptor and its downstream signals during the breast's transition to a biofactory that manufactures massive amounts of proteins fats
because insulin is needed not for these cells to take in sugars such as glucose. Scientists now however appreciate that insulin does more than facilitate uptake of sugars.
This new study shows a dramatic switching on of the insulin receptor and its downstream signals during the breast's transition to a biofactory that manufactures massive amounts of proteins fats
New research to be presented at the Society for Experimental Biology meeting on July 5 shows that maize roots which have fewer cortical cells in the outer layer of their roots are more efficient at accessing water and nutrients.
A lower number of cortical cells means that the plants spend less nutrients produced by the shoots to maintain the root cells.
In drought-stressed maize this trait increases rooting depth as the plants can spend more nutrients growing deeper
'Achieving a sustainable food system will require changes in agricultural production changes in diet so people eat less meat
and waste less food and regulatory changes to improve the efficiency and resilience of the food system.
We need to intensify the quality of the food we produce in ways that improve the nutritional value of people's diets preferably through diversifying the range of foods produced and available
The discrepancy is due to the absence of mineral substances in the diets of the cows reared.
According to researchers animals on organic farms should have supplemented their diets with natural sources of iodine such as seaweed
The concentration of nutrients in animal food products is linked to the diets of the animals reared.
Levels of the elements that are supplemented typically in the diets of livestock in conventional systems--particularly iodine copper selenium
because milk is not the primary source of these elements in our diets. Iodine is another matter LÃ pez goes on to clarify.
The contribution of iodine to our diets in countries like Spain is covered by iodised salt;
but also to people with diets low in salt. Iodine is necessary for the metabolism especially during pregnancy and infancy.
There are natural sources of iodine that can be incorporated into the diet. We are trialling the use of seaweed as a source of iodine
and use antibiotics including non-therapeutically in animals'feed and water to promote their growth.
At antibiotic-free livestock operations animals are grown without the use of antibiotics typically outdoors on pasture.
Dr. Kim Stackhouse National Cattleman's Beef Association Director of Sustainability said animal agriculture has reduced emissions through the use of technologies.
and manure management and the installation of biogas recovery systems have contributed all to reducing the environmental impact of beef.
#Mapping the benefits of our ecosystemswe rely on our physical environment for many things--clean water land for crops or pastures storm water absorption and recreation among others.
flood regulation pasture and freshwater supply all went together as did forest recreation soil retention carbon storage and surface water quality.
and how diet and physiology is recorded in those tissues over time as they grow Cerling says.
which prey on herbivorous insects but also caterpillars of the Egyptian cotton leafworm moth Spodoptera littoralis a species that feeds on maize leaves.
These volatile organic compounds are known to be attractive to parasitoid wasps that lay their eggs inside other insects killing them Plants appear to use this strategy to fight back against herbivorous insects by calling for their enemies'enemies.
The caterpillars feed less and move more when exposed to high concentrations of the volatiles.
and elaborating on what children already know about different nutrition-related themes including dietary variety digestion food categories microscopic nutrients and nutrients as fuel for biological functions.
The children who had been read the nutrition books were more likely to understand that food had nutrients
and that different kinds of nutrients were important for various bodily functions (even functions that weren't mentioned in the books).
and blood carries nutrients. These children also more than doubled their voluntary intake of vegetables during snack time after the three-month intervention
The climate will change considerably in the course of a single tree generation so we should not assume that the forest we're looking at in a given place is suitable for the climate.
but with a mechanism they had never been able to observe according to Dr. Hays Rye Texas A&m Agrilife Research biochemist.
or folds incorrectly it turns into an aggregate which Rye described as white goo that looks kind of like a mayonnaise like crud in the test tube.
but with a mechanism they had never been able to observe according to Dr. Hays Rye Texas A&m Agrilife Research biochemist.
or folds incorrectly it turns into an aggregate which Rye described as white goo that looks kind of like a mayonnaise like crud in the test tube.
BRD is one of the most important diseases of feedlot cattle particularly said Lubbers adding that the economic toll from the disease has been estimated to approach $1 billion annually in the United states alone
and the killing of larval and adult mosquitoes#are used all in California to control the spread of mosquito-borne diseases such as West Nile virus
However the emergence of strain Ug99 in Uganda in 1999 devastated crops and has spread to Kenya Ethiopia Sudan
It has been replaced by higher yielding pasta and bread wheat varieties. Researchers spent nearly four years trying to identify the location of the Sr35 gene in the wheat genome which contains nearly two times more genetic information than the human genome Once the researchers narrowed the list of candidate genes they used two complementary approaches to find the Sr35 gene.
because unlike their larger bodied relatives in other parts of the country that eat larger prey their diet consists of small mammals birds carrion insects fungi and other plant material.
because unlike their larger bodied relatives in other parts of the country that eat larger prey their diet consists of small mammals birds carrion insects fungi and other plant material.
A good meal can affect more than our mood it can also influence our willingness to take risks.
This boost in digestive finesse allows rotation-resistant beetles to survive long enough to lay their eggs in soybean fields.
The spread of ailanthus in Pennsylvania occurred in spurts that seem to be connected with stages of human development particularly during cross-state transportation projects Kasson said.
and wealthy plant collectors commercialization of ailanthus after 1820 coupled with railroad construction projects that connected the eastern and western parts of the state in the mid-1800s intensified its spread according to Kasson who worked with Matthew Davis lab
Crews that cut down the trees built roads to reach the sites which became avenues for the spread of ailanthus.
These drilling operations could lead to future spread. Previous research may have underestimated also how long ailanthus can live according to Kasson.
It is estimated that around half of UK householders feed birds in their gardens. This equates to around 50-60 thousand tonnes of bird food provisioned each year
and contributes to a thriving bird food industry. Jane Lawler Marketing Director at Gardman commented: As the wider scientific evidence shows feeding wild birds with appropriate foods delivers a range of positive benefits.
A number of unanswered questions remain however and this is why we have been supporting this and other research using the information gained to inform our products
or given fat balls enriched with Vitamin e--a vitamin commonly present in bird food such as nuts and seeds.
and reproductive success was investigated by checking the nest boxes in the spring to determine the number of eggs laid and the growth and survival of chicks.
--and the absence of grazing or hay production on the fields prior to planting spinach reduced the risk sevenfold.
#Does your salad know what time it is? Managing vegetables internal clocks postharvest could have health benefitsdoes your salad know what time it is?
It may be healthier for you if it does according to new research from Rice university and the University of California at Davis. Vegetables and fruits don't die the moment they are harvested said Rice biologist Janet Braam the lead researcher on a new study this week in Current Biology.
That study found that Arabidopsis thaliana--a widely used model organism for plant studies--begins ramping up production of insect-fighting chemicals a few hours before sunrise the time that hungry insects begin to feed.
For more than a decade for example scientists have been studying the potential of no-tillage planting of pastures and other farm practices to store carbon in agricultural lands
#Making a beeline for the nectar: How patterns on flowers help bees spot their first nectar-rich flowerbumblebees searching for nectar go for signposts on flowers rather than the bull's eye.
A new study by Levente Orbã¡n and Catherine Plowright from the University of Ottawa in Canada shows that the markings at the center of a flower are not as important as the markings that will direct the bees to the center.
The first time bees go out looking for nectar which visual stimuli do they use to identify that first flower that will provide them with the reward they are looking for?
versus pattern position in a group of bumblebees that have searched never for nectar before i e. flower-naive bees.
Radial patterns are composed of distinctly colored lines extending from the outside of the flower converging at the center where nectar
Once there they will find the rewarding nectar in the center of the flower. The researchers conclude:
the chicken or the egg? The behavior of bees has been shaped over the course of evolution as adaptations to flower appearance.
Equally floral appearance has evolved in ways that cater towards bees'visual and olfactory abilities. Flowers may be taking advantage of a principle that will be familiar to students and teachers alike:
A beautiful new species Stenoloba solaris from Chinascientist describe a new striking species of moth from China with an engaging wing pattern.
The new species Stenoloba solaris has inspired its name by the orange circular patch on its wings that resembles the rising sun. The study was published in the open access journal Zookeys.
Who knows did she eat chips there or a kebab roll? She then flew to the north Sea
Rather than finding all of the glowing dust in a doughnut-shaped torus around the black hole as expected the astronomers find that much of it is located above and below the torus.
The central regions of these brilliant powerhouses are ringed by doughnuts of cosmic dust 1 dragged from the surrounding space similar to how water forms a small whirlpool around the plughole of a sink.
It was thought that most of the strong infrared radiation coming from AGN originated in these doughnuts.
and changing to plant-based diets can also help reduce the large estimates for increased global demand for food.
#Dietary fructose causes liver damage in animal modelthe role of dietary fructose in the development of obesity and fatty liver diseases remains controversial with previous studies indicating that the problems resulted from fructose and a diet
However a new study conducted in an animal model at Wake Forest Baptist Medical center showed that fructose rapidly caused liver damage even without weight gain.
The researchers found that over the six-week study period liver damage more than doubled in the animals fed a high-fructose diet as compared to those in the control group.
In a previous trial which is referenced in the current journal article Kavanagh's team studied monkeys who were allowed to eat as much as they wanted of low-fat food with added fructose for seven years as compared to a control group fed a low-fructose low-fat diet for the same time period.
what the liver damage. Was it because the animals got fat from eating too much or was it something else?
Over six weeks one group was fed a calorie-controlled diet consisting of 24 percent fructose
while the control group was fed a calorie-controlled diet with only a negligible amount of fructose approximately 0. 5 percent.
Both diets had the same amount of fat carbohydrate and protein but the sources were said different Kavanagh.
The high-fructose group's diet was made from flour butter pork fat eggs and fructose (the main ingredient in corn syrup) similar to
while the control group's diet was made from healthy complex carbohydrates and soy protein. Every week the research team weighed both groups
At the end of the study the researchers measured biomarkers of liver damage through blood samples and examined what type of bacteria was in the intestine through fecal samples and intestinal biopsies.
What surprised us the most was how quickly the liver was affected and how extensive the damage was especially without weight gain as a factor Kavanagh said.
but that they were migrating to the liver more rapidly and causing damage there. It appears that something about the high fructose levels was causing the intestines to be less protective than normal
Fructose and dextrose are simple sugars found naturally in plants. We studied fructose because it is the most commonly added sugar in the American diet
but based on our study findings we can't say conclusively that fructose caused the liver damage Kavanagh said.
What we can say is added that high sugars caused bacteria to exit the intestines go into the blood stream
and damage the liver. The liver damage began even in the absence of weight gain.
This could have clinical implications because most doctors and scientists have thought that it was the fat in
and around tissues in the body that caused the health problems. The Wake Forest Baptist team plans to begin a new study using the same controls but testing for both fructose and dextrose over a longer time frame.
#New canary seed is ideal for gluten-free diets in celiac diseasea new variety of canary seeds bred specifically for human consumption qualifies as a gluten-free cereal that would be ideal for people with celiac disease (CD) scientists
and other grains that contain gluten-related proteins. Boye's team sought to expand dietary options for CD
--which now include non-gluten-containing cereals like corn rice teff quinoa millet buckwheat and sorghum.
or glabrous canary seed which lacks the tiny hairs of the seed traditionally produced as food for caged birds.
Those hairs made canary seed inedible for humans. It verified that canary seed is gluten-free. Boye also noted that canary seeds have more protein than other common cereals are rich in other nutrients
and are suitable for making flour that can be used in bread cookies cakes and other products.
The authors acknowledge funding from the Canaryseed Development Commission of Saskatchewan. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Chemical Society.
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