the ability to burn sugar and fat and the ability to switch between slow-and fast-twitch muscle fibers.
1) burn fat and sugars and2) switch between slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscles. According to Kelly muscle fitness only occurs
#Scientists alarmed by rapid spread of brown streak disease in cassavacassava experts are reporting new outbreaks
and the increased spread of Cassava Brown Streak Disease or CBSD warning that the rapidly proliferating plant virus could cause a 50 percent drop in production of a crop that provides a significant source of food and income for 300 million Africans.
--which is used also to produce starch flour biofuel and even beer--as the perfect crop for helping to feed a continent where growing conditions in many regions are deteriorating in the face of climate change.
The spread of the disease to West Africa and particularly Nigeria is a major cause for concern experts say
while it would take several years for the disease to spread across the continent via whiteflies alone infected stem cuttings could spark outbreaks in new areas overnight.
Salad is big business in California. In the aftermath of a deadly 2006 Escherichia coli serotype O157:
Although scant evidence exists of risk of food-borne disease spread by wildlife the risk of rejection of produce by major buyers is too much for most growers to bear say Gennet
California has a big problem with concentrated nutrients in waterways and there is a lot of pressure on growers to reduce those inputs
He argues that we should not allow farmers spray a toxic soup of chemicals onto their crops.
A combination of these two pesticides types had a stronger impact suggesting the combined soup of pesticides could be causing more serious harm.
Antioxidant-rich diets containing lots of fruits and vegetables consistently correlate with reduced hypertension. In this study conducted at the University of Michigan Health System hypertensive heart failure-prone rats were fed a grape-enriched diet for 18 weeks.
The results reproduced earlier findings that grape consumption reduced the occurrence of heart muscle enlargement and fibrosis and improved the diastolic function of the heart.
and heart health but will also provide translational information on the value of dietary (whole foods)
and dietary supplement approaches for prevention of heart disease stemming from chronic hypertension. The NIH grant is allowing the team at the University of Michigan Medical System to expand its work in this important area
and leaves of fig trees are used for animal fodder which can sustain livestock through otherwise lean periods.
Milk proteins can also be found in glue paper ink and in other children's lunches.
The diet restricted foods high in the sugar-binding protein lectin generally regarded as a healthy nutrient.
These findings represent a fundamental paradigm shift in how the diseases of the'Western Diet'should be treated said Steven R. Gundry M d. lead author
or other healthy foods from their diets said the American Heart Association which recommends consuming a diet with plenty of fruits vegetables whole grains and fish.
Long-term exposure to arsenic has been associated with skin lung bladder liver kidney and prostate cancers and low levels can cause skin lesions diarrhea and other symptoms.
In regions of the world where rice is the major component of the human diet the health of entire communities of people can be impacted negatively by arsenic contamination of rice.
Previous research by Ken Schmidt of Texas Tech University and Chris Whelan of Illinois Natural history Survey documented that these carnivores can prey more easily on native bird eggs
Some components of the nectar and pollen grains bees collect to manufacture food to support the hive increase the expression of detoxification genes that help keep honey bees healthy.
Bees feed on hundreds of different types of nectar and pollen and are exposed potentially to thousands of different types of phytochemicals yet they only have one-third to one-half the inventory of enzymes that break down these toxins compared to other species Berenbaum said.
Determining which of the 46 P450 genes in the honey bee genome are used to metabolize constituents of their natural diet and
because different nectars went in to make the honey. If you don't know what your next meal is going to be how does your detoxification system know which enzymes to upregulate?
Berenbaum said. Research had shown previously that eating honey turns on detoxification genes that metabolize the chemicals in honey
To do this they fed bees a mixture of sucrose and powdered sugar called bee candy
Many commercial beekeepers use honey substitutes such as high-fructose corn syrup or sugar water to feed their colonies.
and dump p-coumaric acid into their high fructose corn syrup she hopes that her team's research can be used as the basis of future work aimed at improving bee health.
because if you look at the evolutionary history of Apis mellifera this species did not evolve with high fructose corn syrup.
It is clear that honey bees are adapted highly to consuming honey as part of their diet.
and pests increase salt and drought tolerance control water loss and store sugar can have profound implications for increasing the supply of food
and energy for our rapidly growing global population. That's the conclusion of 12 leading plant biologists from around the world whose laboratories recently discovered important properties of plant transport proteins that collectively could have a profound impact on global agriculture.
These membrane transporters are a class of specialized proteins that plants use to take up nutrients from the soil transport sugar
and resist toxic substances like salt and aluminum said Julian Schroeder a professor of biology at UC San diego who brought together 11 other scientists from Australia Japan Mexico Taiwan the U s
and carbohydrates in their diets the biologists write in their paper. An additional billion people are malnourished
because their diets lack required micronutrients such as iron zinc and Vitamin a. These dietary deficiencies have an enormous negative impact on global health resulting in increased susceptibility to infection
One of Schroeder's research advances led to the discovery of a sodium transporter that plays a key role in protecting plants from salt stress
which impairs the uptake of water and nutrients. From their recent findings the plant biologists now understand how transport proteins control processes that allow roots to tolerate toxic aluminum.
and zinc deficiencies because their plant-based diets are not a sufficiently rich source of these essential elements the biologists write.
and rapid response can be most effective to slow the spread of introduced and potentially invasive plant species. Nonnative or introduced plants are those species growing in areas where they are not normally found.
The data set collected from 2001 to 2008 includes a sample of all trees shrubs vines herbs grasses fern
But by the following spring when the rains arrived there was a burst of flowering plants amid the nutrient-rich ash
Guo and Zheng a married couple working as postdoctoral researchers in the Noel and Chory labs respectively came up with the idea for the study while talking over dinner.
and fire became a very important part of ecosystems to free up nutrients locked up in dying and dead plants.
and knotted together like a bowl of spaghetti. In conventional silicones the chains are oriented randomly
When the material was compressed statically like squeezing a piece of Jell-o or stretching a rubber band it snapped right back into its original shape.
But it also contains relatives of forage crops like alfalfa; fiber crops such as flax and cotton;
Echinacea St john's wort and other medicinal herbs; and what Khoury calls iconic U s. crops including sugar maple and wild rice.
Making a physical map is akin to breaking an egg and then assembling it back into a whole egg said Gill who is distinguished a university professor of plant pathology at K-State.
The wheat chromosome DNA is cloned in bacteria millions of bits of DNA which are sorted by robots
and drought and result in quality bread Gill said adding Most resistance genes seem to lie at the ends of chromosomes
Different plant varieties make use of different growing times and different nutrients in the soil.
and other plants and some highly advanced analysis techniques the two researchers and archaeologists Tony Axelsson and Karl-GÃ ran Sjã gren have been able to identify parts of the diet of their Stone age ancestors.'
There are more than a thousand papers discussing the question of what the impact is on blood pressure of decreasing the amount of salt you consume in your diet--what is called salt sensitivity.
#¢Intensive dietary intervention focused on sodium reduction#¢Weight loss program#¢Combination of weight loss and sodium-reduction programs#¢Attention control in
and less expensive evaluating weight sensitivity may be one way to identify individuals who may benefit more from weight loss as compared with other types of lifestyle interventions like cutting salt from their diet Dr. William Kostis said.
Out of 10 eggs laid 9 chicks are born 7 fledge and on average only one chick survives winter.
The great tits that lay eggs earlier in spring are more successful nowadays than late birds
and feed and scientific progress ironically because the outside world has embraced the technology which is so unpopular in Europe realizing this is the only way to achieve sustainable agriculture said Paul Christou of the University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center and Instituciã Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avanã§ats in Spain.
Over the past two decades Mato grosso has experienced both the highest rates of deforestation (mostly for pasture
and geography to large tracts of the Amazon where soybean production largely for export as animal feed is expanding rapidly.
This is in contrast to many Northern hemisphere cropland areas where fertilizers are known to add nutrients to the soil that with rainfall run off into freshwater streams
and the soil has a great capacity to absorb the nutrients. It appears to act as an enormous buffer.
and Brown-MBL faculty members Stephen Porder Leah Vanwey and Jack Mustard. Tanguro Ranch is the focus of a huge amount of the science on land transitions
Dubbed artificial photosynthesis this process mimics how plants convert those same ingredients to energy in the form of sugars.
The attractiveness and nutritional value of these types of potato make them a product highly regarded by professionals in gastronomy and by the public in general.
#while the yellow flesh variety have carotenes#essential chemical components for the diet#and in greater quantities than in the usual commercial varieties.
article April 5 for the Metallomics journal of The Royal Society of Chemistry on how to use X-ray analysis to map a path to increasing the amount of nitrogen that legumes deposit into the soil Cultivation of legumes the plant family that includes peas beans alfalfa soybeans
and peanuts is one of the main ways farmers add natural nitrogen to agricultural fields.
and crops to determine what the soil needs to improve crop growth in terms of crop nutrients lime and irrigation for example.
what amounts of nutrients are required in different parts of a field. Precision agriculture will reduce the amount of fertilizers
or diabetes a diet that includes tart cherries might actually be better than what the doctor ordered according to new animal research from the University of Michigan Health System.
if a tart cherry-rich diet might provide similar cardiovascular benefits without the risk of heart attack or stroke.
It gives us a good preclinical model to further explore the positive stroke-related benefits of an anthocyanin-rich diet.
of which had endured poor welfare such as inappropriate diet and lack of space or shelter before arriving at a sanctuary.
Meanwhile intensification to single-crop fields from pasture with low stocking rates was associated not with development gains the research found.
To understand how land use is associated with economic development Vanwey teamed with John Mustard professor of geological sciences at Brown and Stephanie Spera Mustard's graduate student.
Spera and Mustard used imaging from NASA's Terra satellite to track land use changes in Mato grosso from 2000 to 2011.
Spera and Mustard recorded images from 2000 to 2001 and again from 2010 to 2011 to see how usage had changed over the decade.
The research showed that intensification to single-crop fields from pasture had no effect on economic variables.
and osteoporosis. The nutrient also plays an integral role in modulating the immune system to help fight infections like the flu
and without grapes (the control diet) on the heart liver kidneys and fat tissue in obesity-prone rats.
and integrated into the animals'diets for 90 days. Specifically the results showed that three months of a grape-enriched diet significantly reduced inflammatory markers throughout the body but most significantly in the liver and in abdominal fat tissue.
Consuming grapes also reduced liver kidney and abdominal fat weight compared with those consuming the control diet.
Additionally grape intake increased markers of antioxidant defense particularly in the liver and kidneys. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together--increased blood pressure a high blood sugar level excess body fat around the waist
or low HDL (the good cholesterol) and increased blood triglycerides--significantly increasing the risk for heart disease stroke and Type 2 diabetes.
and is on the rise in the U s. Our study suggests that a grape-enriched diet may play a critical role in protecting against metabolic syndrome
If you just change the diet a little the financial and environmental costs associated with it are quite different he explained.
and environmentally so the choice of protein source and amount in the diet are particularly important.
Many are formulated to appeal to the owners who think their pets need extremely high levels of protein and other nutrients.
Dogs and cats require specific nutrients not ingredients. It is possible to meet nutritional requirements using a wide variety of nutrient sources.
and this can have a major effect on the livelihoods of the rural poor who depend on the sale of chickens for a significant part of their disposable income.
#More evidence berries have health-promoting propertiesadding more color to your diet in the form of berries is encouraged by many nutrition experts.
Diets supplemented with blueberries and strawberries have also been shown to improve behavior and cognitive functions in stressed young rats.
and University of Maryland Baltimore County recently fed rats a berry diet for 2 months
We saw significant benefits to diets with both of the berries and speculate it is due to the phytonutrients present.
Synchronizing fertilizer applications with periods of maximum nutrient uptake is critical to achieving the best fertilizer use efficiency.
and development two major aspects of plant nutrition are important to better determine which nutrients require the greatest attention:
the amount of a nutrient needed for production or total uptake and the amount of that nutrient that accumulates in the grain.
Study results indicated that high amounts of nitrogen (N) potassium (K) P and S are needed with applications made during key growth stages to maximize crop growth.
Moreover adequately accounting for nutrients with high harvest index values the proportion of total nutrient uptake present in corn grain) such as N P S
and proximity to food shops and stores as well as economic status. The second group was same sex siblings who would be expected to share genetic predispositions for weight
and family influences on diet and exercise. The third group was married spouses of the gardeners
#Experts examine Mediterranean diets health effects for older adultsaccording to a study published in the Journals of Gerontology Series A:
a moderate consumption of wine dairy products and poultry and a low consumption of red meat sweet beverages creams and pastries.
The five-year study looks at 7447 participants assigned to one of three intervention diets (two Mediets enriched with extra virgin olive oil or mixed nuts or a control low-fat diet.
They face several dangers including poaching for sport or sale of meat to exotic food markets in China.
The Schmallenberg virus appears to be spread by midges. It causes a relatively mild illness in adult animals
At one part per million it emits a telltale rotten-egg smell. Dooley used a concentration of 1 part per billion
The grains and beans were packed into a bag using rib fabric and these bags were cooked'using an autoclave (a machine that is suitable for pressure cooking) maintaining a temperature of 121°C for 15 minutes.
In terms of fabric the rib fabric which was used to make the bag is able to retain
Potential food source derived from non-food plantsa team of Virginia Tech researchers has succeeded in transforming cellulose into starch a process that has the potential to provide a previously untapped nutrient source from plants not traditionally though of as food crops.
Starch is one of the most important components of the human diet and provides 20-40 percent of our daily caloric intake.
Besides serving as a food source the starch can be used in the manufacture of edible clear films for biodegradable food packaging Zhang said.
The new approach takes cellulose from non-food plant material such as corn stover converts about 30%to amylose
Corn stover consists of the stem leaves and husk of the corn plant remaining after ears of corn are harvested.
which led to it becoming easy prey for hunters particularly with the arrival of European colonists in the area who would hunt Huemul for meat to feed their dogs.
But the preliminary findings don't yet suggest that supplementing your diet with beetroot juice benefits your health researchers said.
Our hope is that increasing one's intake of vegetables with a high dietary nitrate content such as green leafy vegetables
Eating vegetables rich in dietary nitrate and other critical nutrients may be an accessible and inexpensive way to manage blood pressure Ahluwalia said.
The USDA recommends filling half your plate with fruits and vegetables and the American Heart Association recommends eating eight or more fruit and vegetable servings every day.
The American Heart Association has tips on adding more fruits and vegetables to your diet.
Eggs laid in the spring hatch into a first generation which we'll call Generation A. The immature bugs of Generation A normally feed on kudzu plants until they reach adulthood
These mature adults lay eggs that hatch into Generation B during the summer months. Generation B kudzu bugs can feed on soybean crops during both their immature and adult life stages causing significant crop damage.
or nutrients to add to foods that will help block this attraction to snacks and sweets he said.
#Self-medication in animals much more widespread than believedit's been known for decades that animals such as chimpanzees seek out medicinal herbs to treat their diseases.
Parasite-infected monarch butterflies protect their offspring against high levels of parasite growth by laying their eggs on anti-parasitic milkweed.
Outbreaks of Salmonella associated with dried foods such as nuts cereals spices powdered milk and pet foods have been associated with over 900 illnesses in the last five years.
because the dry nature of the product stops microbial growth Most people expect to find Salmonella on raw meats
At the same time distribution fees are imposed for greater use providing an incentive to conserve water. Influencing policynew ideas have led to policy changes at many levels.
and people think of a new twist on The Local Dish the stew that's the quintessence of southern Louisiana cooking.
what the scientists call a Group of Uniform Materials Based on Organic Salts (GUMBOS) and the nanogumbos materials--particles so small that 100000 could fit across the width of a human hair.
The organic salts used to make GUMBOS are not the familiar organic sea salt products sold for cooking and other uses.
Some organic salts are common but unseen players in everyday life. Potassium bitartrate for instance forms naturally as wine ferments trolamine salicylate is an ingredient in some sunscreens
and cosmetic skin creams and monosodium glutamate is used a food additive to enhance the flavor of some foods.
and on the development of many innovative methods over the course of his career Warner will receive the ACS Award in Analytical Chemistry sponsored by the Battelle Memorial Institute on April 9.
New techniques to help halt the spread of diseasescientists have revealed a new technique to introduce disease-blocking bacteria into mosquitoes with promising results that may halt the spread of diseases such as dengue yellow fever and potentially malaria.
because it reduces the mosquitoes'ability to lay viable eggs. Now Professor Hoffmann from the University of Melbourne and Professor Michale Turelli from the University of California have shown that by introducing an insecticide resistance gene alongside the Wolbachia bacteria into the mosquito that the insects pass on the disease-blocking bacteria to other mosquitoes faster.
The results are published today in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B. This could mean that the spread of disease can be stopped faster
They can survive as long as a year without a blood meal. Current commercial prevention methods including freezing extreme heating vacuuming
Yak-a-mein soup, a k a.,#,#Old Sober One of the Crescent City's time-honored traditions--a steaming bowl of Yak-a-mein Soup a k a.
Old Sober--after a night of partying in The french Quarter actually does have a basis in scientific fact.
Although recipes vary Yak-a-mein typically is made with a salty beef-and-soy-sauce-based broth;
a carbohydrate source like noodles; protein from beef chicken or shrimp; onions or chopped scallions;
and sliced hard-boiled egg. Vendors often sell the soup from sidewalk carts during New orleans festivals and some restaurants have their own signature recipes.
Folklore has it that American soldiers from New orleans stationed in Korea in the 1950s learned to appreciate Yak-a-mein on the morning after
and brought a taste for it back home said Mitchell. She is with the University of California at Davis. It may be a good example of intuitive science--an effective remedy and with the scientific basis revealed only years later.
which the pancreas does not produce enough of the insulin that enables the body to use sugar
However the high temperatures used to roast coffee beans to make them suitable for use in coffee breaks down much of the chlorogenic acids.
They got a glucose tolerance test to see how their bodies responded to the sugar.
Dissolved salt levels in the groundwater of the three southernmost farm oases are now so high they endanger the long-term sustainability of date palm farming there.
Over time the buildup of dissolved salt levels has become irreversible. The team of Duke and Ibn Zohr scientists was able to know this by identifying the distinctive geochemical and isotopic signatures of different elements in the water such as oxygen strontium and boron.
Dissolved salt levels in these oases'groundwater are between 450 and 4225 milligrams per liter--a more sustainable level especially for growing date palms
which are the primary commercial crop in the basin and relatively salt-tolerant. Prior to our study people didn't think this was a major water input into the Draa system Vengosh said.
Catalyzing more sugars from biomasscatalysis may initiate almost all modern industrial manufacturing processes but catalytic activity on solid surfaces is understood poorly.
This is especially true for the cellulase enzymes used to release fermentable sugars from cellulosic biomass for the production of advanced biofuels.
technique called PALM--for Photo-Activated Localization Microscopy--the researchers have found a way to improve the collective catalytic activity of enzyme cocktails that can boost the yields of sugars for making fuels.
Increasing the sugar yields from cellulosic biomass to help bring down biofuel production costs is essential for the widespread commercial adoption of these fuels.
The enzymatic breakdown of cellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars has been the Achilles heel of biofuels a key economic bottleneck says chemical engineer Harvey Blanch one of the leaders of this research.
Synthesized from the sugars in the cellulosic biomass of grasses other non-food crops and agricultural waste advanced biofuels represent a sustainable nonpolluting source of transportation fuel that would also generate domestic jobs and revenue.
Unlike the simple starch-based glucose sugars in corn and other grains the sugars in cellulosic biomass are complex polysaccharides that must be extricated from a tough polymer called lignin
Because individual cellulases interact preferentially with cellulose structures based on distinct structural motifs saccharification is carried out with mixtures of cellulase enzymes--called enzyme cocktails.
which algae grow in open ponds Solazyme grows microalgae in total darkness in the same kind of fermentation vats used to produce vinegar medicines and scores of other products.
Instead of sunlight energy for the microalgae's growth comes from low-cost plant-based sugars. This gives the company a completely consistent repeatable industrial process to produce tailored oil at scale Sugar from traditional sources such as sugarcane
and corn has advantages for growing microalgae especially their abundance and relatively low cost Rakitsky said.
Ultimately cellulosic sources of sugars from non-food plants or plant waste materials like grasses or corn stover may take over as those technologies reach the right scale
and cost structures. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Chemical Society (ACS.
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