Stink bugs feed as nymphs and adults on the fruit and pods of plants which maximizes their chances to render a crop unmarketable.
The pea aphid feeds on plant sap. Its diet is deficient in essential nutrients called amino acids.
and they sometimes plant row crops on some fields while keeping others in pasture. But is it possible to optimize production across a much bigger area--say the whole East Coast of the United states?
Examining crop domestication tells us how our ancestors developed food feed and fiber leading to today's crops and products.
They allowed adult insects to feed for two to three days and immature stages to feed until full maturity when possible.
However in cattle pastures there were only 11. Lead researcher Dr James Gilroy from the University of East Anglia's school of Environmental sciences carried out the research while at the Norwegian University of Life sciences.
#Summer grazing enables high milk yield of dairy cowspart-time grazing is a good alternative to full-time silage diet of dairy cows.
When planned properly the milk yields of rotationally-grazed dairy cows remain as high at pasture as in indoor feeding.
Agriculture & Forestry) Senior Researcher at the MTT Agrifood Research Finland detected in his doctoral dissertation study that the principles of feeding planning normally used for silage feeding also apply to grazing.
No particular factor was found in grazing that would significantly differ from silage feeding as long as the pasture rotation is in order
and the forage value of the pasture is taken into account he points out. Dietary experiments provide information of forage digestibilitythe objective of the doctoral dissertation was to seek dietary factors that limit the milk yield of grazing cows.
The study included nine different dietary experiments with concentrate supplement varying from zero to 12 kg provided twice a day as the cows were milked.
In addition to changing the amount of concentrate supplement the cows had free access to forage at pasture or an herbage allowance between 19 and 25 kg of dry matter/cow per day.
when the feed contains digestible forage from pasture and a varying amount of concentrate supplement.
The control group was in full-time silage feeding indoors. Sufficient amount of pasture and flat-rate concentrate feeding The responses to concentrate at pasture were quite similar to those reported in the reference material for concentrate feeding.
In numerical terms the response to silage seems to be somewhat higher at pasture than with exclusive silage feeding considering the high forage value of the grass from pasture.
This can only be explained by the fact that for some reason or another a cow cannot intake unlimited amounts of forage from pasture.
The physiology of the rumen did not limit the intake of forage so the limitation must derive from pasture management factors.
One example of such factors is that cows have to collect their forage from a large area
Judging by changes in the milk production and live weight of cows 20 kg of dry matter per day per hectare at pasture is not enough for per cow
and ensure availability of a sufficient amount of forage from pasture. On the basis of the study 25 kg of dry matter is a sufficient amount of pasture
but to avoid any risks the amount of forage from pasture can be even higher.
The responses to concentrate remained the same throughout the lactation period with the exception of the very end of the period.
In safe environments the bumblebees subsequently chose to feed from flowers at random but in dangerous environments the bees specifically flew to flowers that were occupied by other bees.
The plan is to phase out antibiotics as a feed additive for growth promotion in United states in the next three years.
and hinders their ability to feed new research has shown. Biologists at Newcastle University UK have been exploring the potential of harmless plant volatiles as an alternative to pesticides in greenhouses.
Like other insect pests whitefly feed by pushing their long mouthpiece--or stylets--into the leaf until it reaches the plant's main source of nutrients travelling through the phloem.
Corn stover--the stalks leaves and cobs in cornfields after harvest--has been considered a ready resource for cellulosic ethanol production.
The U s. Department of energy has provided more than $1 billion in federal funds to support research to develop cellulosic biofuels including ethanol made from corn stover.
whether a small amount of stover is removed or nearly all of it is stripped. If less residue is removed there is less decrease in soil carbon
Crops like alfalfa provide critical habitat for the Long-billed Curlew the largest shorebird in North america and a species of continental conservation concern.
and certain types of agriculture (e g. rice alfalfa) provide nearly all of the habitat used by millions of ducks geese shorebirds and other waterbirds every fall winter and spring.
about 93%were in the central and southern portions of the Central Valley concentrating in areas extensively flood irrigated for alfalfa
and irrigated pasture. Millions of migratory birds rely on the flooded agricultural fields each year. Conservation and agricultural groups can work together to benefit birds
if a program of economic incentives can be devised for farmers to maintain flooding of crops such as alfalfa
and irrigated pasture to the benefit of both farmers and curlews. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Point Blue Conservation Science.
Many of the country's pasture soils have become enriched in cadmium. Grasses take up this toxic heavy metal
or animals solasenol (used to produce vitamins E and K) and xanthophylls (an additive in chicken feeds).
Skuas are migratory birds that feed essentially on penguin eggs and chicks as well as fish. These formidable predators which live for up to 25 to 30 years accumulate mercury in their tissues.
Ruminants produce more of the gas per amount of converted feed than other herbivores. The only other animal group that regularly ruminates like ruminants are camels.
However if one compares methane production with the amount of converted feed then it is the same in both groups.
Lower metabolism--less feed--less methanethe modified calculation of the methane budget may be important for those countries with lots of camels--like the dromedaries in the middle East and in Australia or the alpacas and llamas in various South american countries.
As the colony expands the layers form a biofilm that feeds and protects the organisms.
and genomics it also has the potential to be a large step forward for stabilizing agriculture in developing countries said Dave Hoisington program director for the U s. Agency for International Development Feed the Future Peanut
but to see how that feeds back into the global climate system. The data are published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
trade of crops livestock and feed. The effects were analyzed with high resolution on a subnational level to account for large countries like India
Not only does it affect their hay crop but in a region with the Arctic Grayling a candidate for endangered listing the water shortage would affect wildlife.
So in examining that scenario ranchers could see how this feeds back and that's the iteration says Murphy.
This means the cattle converts more of the feed it eats into beef and it does this more efficiently.
With the use of beta agonists cattle require less feed and less water to produce the same amount of beef than
At the same time grasslands worldwide are being converted to pastures for domestic animals with native grazers like elk and antelope giving way to cattle and sheep.
And still others were former pastures where livestock had browsed in the past but were no longer there. In general where fertilizer was added
poplar wood and corn stover into biofuels. The technology could also supply a source of renewable jet fuel required by recent European union aviation emission regulations.
and oil for human food animal feed and other products global rates of yield increases for the crop will need to keep up with demand in the future.
and chickens rather than primarily relying on growing crops for human food and animal fodder.
Isotopic analysis of the ancient pig bones found at the site also suggests that they were free-ranging rather than penned and given fodder from harvested crops.
Some of this could indeed be avoided by capitalising on ruminants'ability to digest food that humans cannot eat such as hay silage and high-fibre crop residues.
and the costs of feed and husbandry far exceed those of native breeds. Farmers therefore should be encouraged to keep
and Remote Sensing Laboratory covered a 10-square-kilometer area that included dry land-farmed crops relying on rainfall only irrigated crops varying crop types pasture and fallow land.
and the pressure increases on our global food system so does our dependence on the global crops and production systems that feed us.
Consumer concerns about bacterial resistance to antibiotics have prompted the swine industry to seek additional methods to protect the health of pigs including special feed additives.
E coli is especially dangerous post-weaning as pigs adapt to new feed and new environments Pettigrew said.
The pigs fed plant extracts were more efficient (40 percent) in feed use than the pigs fed the control diet in the E coli-challenged group
and started on all solid feed the extracts could also be used to reduce its occurrence she said.
and almost 40%of that is corn most of it used for animal feed. A small proportion of that acreage produces foods that people eat such apples
#Bison ready for new pastures? Protocol used to demonstrate brucellosis-free bison from infected herdsa new study from the USDA Animal
and Dr. Dirk Hays Texas A&m associate professor of physiological and molecular genetics all in College Station. The goal of the study is to develop single nucleotide polymorphisms
because they are a high protein grain vegetable fodder and high nitrogen-fixing legume that can be intercropped with corn cotton
#Rapeseed-based animal feed cuts greenhouse gases by up to 13 per centthe use of rapeseed cake in the production of livestock feed cuts methane
Rapeseed cake also known as'oil cake'is obtained a by-product after pressing the plant to extract its oil.
A waste product in this process is used at the same time to produce animal feed with the resulting cost-cutting for farmers and greater efficiency in the emission of greenhouse gases.
and deforestation caused by expansion of agriculture as well as methane released by the animals themselves with a lesser amount coming from manure management and feed production.
as well as higher quality feed--rather than in pure grass-based systems. This development would lead to a 23%reduction of emissions from land use change in the next two decades without any explicit climate mitigation policy.
and roads but the earth split open and swallowed sections of the forests and bamboo groves that shelter and feed pandas and other endangered wildlife.
Fertilizers are used intentionally in grassland to increase livestock fodder. Fertilizer addition is also occurring unintentionally in many places around the world
The study reports estimated county-level energy and GHG intensity of grain corn stover and cob production in Ontario from 2006-2011.
Ensilage--a method traditionally used by farmers to turn grass into hay for winter animal feed--has potential to stop the seaweed rotting.
The researchers also discovered another kind of bee Megachile rotundata an alfalfa leafcutter was using pieces of polyethylene-based plastic bags to construct its brood cells.
Herbicide drift was associated also with the declines of three species of herbivores including pea aphids spotted alfalfa aphids
One field edge site was located near a forest and alfalfa field. The old field was an acre plot near Penn State's Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research farm.
and sheep where they facilitate the digestion of feed consumed in the diet. Efforts to control methanogens in specific ways may improve feed utilization
and enhance the production of meat and milk researchers say. Methanogens are additionally a factor in human nutrition.
In addition the clearing of woodlots hedgerows pastures and wetlands to make way for bigger fields has continued apace
But for the objective of plant species conservation other strategies like preserving farmland habitats including woodlots pastures
and redefines financial stress according to returns over feed costs instead of just the price of milk.
Both of these changes are in reaction to the severe dairy farm stress that was revealed by the Great Recession and the explosion in feed prices over the last few years.
The Margin Protection Program for Dairy Producers (MPP) is a voluntary program that pays participating farmers an indemnity when a national benchmark for milk income over feed costs falls below an insured level.
Beta-agonists, the environment and cattle feed intakegrowing cattle that are more efficient in converting feed to muscle is a main goal in the beef industry.
Reinhardt has looked specifically at how beta-agonists a cattle feed supplement approved by the U s. Food
and Drug Administration and considered safe from a food safety perspective improve the cattle's natural ability to convert feed into more lean muscle.
if beta-agonists particularly Zilmax affect cattle feed intake. Over the past few years on certain occasions feedlots have seen where Zilmax was started in the feed
and cattle would fall off on intake Reinhardt said. Sometimes the intake would come back to normal
and studied some of the differences in feed intake in 1100 pens of cattle. He looked at the dry matter intake prior to and through the end of the cattle-feeding period.
when Zilmax was brought into the feed rations the sex and weight of the cattle and the location of the feedlot to try to filter out any common factors
or not lose feed intake. The data analysis uncovered two main findings. First season played a role in the drop-off in feed intake.
Second cattle that were consuming more feed prior to the initiation of Zilmax had a much higher likelihood of losing intake
and the size of the intake drop-off was larger. The drop-off was quite a bit larger in the summertime than in the other seasons Reinhardt said.
and how the feed supplement might cause cattle particularly in the summer months to be slow-moving and stiff-muscled once they arrive at packing facilities.
We're going to learn more about the last 30 days on feed Thomson said of research on beta-agonists.
History of beta-agonist usefeedlots have used beta-agonists a cattle feed supplement approved by the U s. Food
and Drug Administration (FDA) and considered safe from a food safety perspective to improve the cattle's natural ability to convert feed into more lean muscle.
Bacteria that cause the formation of these nodules in legumes such as soybeans alfalfa and peanuts are crucial to sustainable agricultural systems Hirsch said.
They analyzed soil from a primary forest a pasture established in 2004 and a secondary forest that resulted from the abandonment of a pasture in 1999.
The team used DNA analysis specifically the nifh gene that is characteristic of diazotrophs to measure the communities in the samples.
Rodrigues said researchers were surprised to find a tenfold increase in the number of diazotrophic microorganisms in the pasture established in 2004
They theorize the pasture ecosystems rely on the diazotrophs more for nitrogen because of the continuous grazing from cattle requiring constant regrowth of grasses.
We observed a complete shift in the diazotrophic microbial community composition in response to the Amazon rain forest conversion to a pasture Mirza said.
because we did see partial recovery of diazotroph community composition in the secondary forest which have more plant species as compared to pasture.
After pastures were abandoned and a secondary forest grew partial restoration of the original diazotrophic communities was achieved researchers said.
Growth of secondary forest is ongoing for about 50 percent of the abandoned pastures in the Amazon
Our farting microbes are farting methane to power our generator which in turn feeds into the distillery's electrical distribution network this also fuels Reynier's electric car.
and pesticides that grow our food (and feed for livestock) as well as the plastic packaging in
and other social issues that feed into this. Example: to stoke agricultural development, they had to look at water infrastructure in Namibia.
If you have a good animal and feed it well, it translated to a good dish.
Furthermore, what's important is that you can process all kinds of available biomass--wood chips, switch grass, corn stover, rice husks, wheat straw ââ Â,
An expanded social media presence included a Twitter feed and a Tumblr account. It was also the first time the general public could take part,
and nutritional additives such as baker's yeast and amino acids for the animal feed industry. A few weeks ago, Virdia unveiled its new name,
Many of the fisheries that feed people around the world have collapsed. Researchers for Nature Journal, who conducted a study in 60 protected areas of Africa,
They'll mix that in with  horse manure, old hay, wood chips. Do you bring the compost back once it's ready to use  in the roof garden?
Can the World Feed 10 Billion People? Foreign policy Photo: International Institute of Tropical agriculture/Flickr
Biomimetic irrigation system wins James Dyson Awarda concept for efficiently harvesting water to irrigate crops by condensing water underground
Their iphones are 30-ft.-long, $60, 000 hay balers. Cloud startups have served largely their own industry--technology--first,
pulpy cake that can be used as animal feed or in a landfill. Â Conventional red clay bricks contain polystyrene (a synthetic polymer),
Two female elephants stand in a shed surrounded by fodder and cocky monkeys. Despite being chained at the foot,
The battle to feed all humanity is said over, Chu quoting author Paul Ehrlich. A subsequent major development was the development of disease-resistant strains of wheat that could handle artificial fertilizer and produce higher yields.
Sustainable Farming Can Feed the World? Â The column by Mark Bittman focuses on a report from the United nations in December 2010, called Agro-ecology and the Right to Food.
There is more corn grown in the United states used for ethanol fuel production than for livestock feed.
it will have the capacity to generate 30 million gallons annually of cellulosic biofuel produced from corn stover residues,
Using corn stover instead of corn alleviates two problems: criticism over using food crops for fuel
and ridding farmers of leftover stover, which can interfere with planting. Dupont was able to optimize the process and technology at its pilot facility in Tennessee,
store and deliver more than 375,000 dry tons of stover per year to the plant. The stover will be collected from a 30-mile radius around the new plant
and harvested of off 190, 000 acres, the company said. Graphic: Dupont Related: BP scraps cellulosic ethanol plant plans Turning pine trees into jet fuel Wood chip-to-sugar maker scales up to replace oil and food crops
or animal feed--but we think this is a better use. It s local, and by addressing this energy question it can be part of the solution for global warming.
NCCR, along with other coalition partners and Members of Congress, will hold a press conference to launch'Feed Food Fairness:
it makes our system depend on a few crops that is used for animal feed and in processed food.
U s. agriculture has had an impressive history of productivity that has resulted in relatively affordable food, feed,
Despite these tremendous advances, U s. farmers are facing the daunting challenges of meeting the food, feed,
Yet tacitly, consumers are thumbing their collective noses at CO2 goals through the addictive use of home gadgets and gizmos that feeds their infotainment habit.
so it can be used for cooking oil and in animal feed. However, when the GM CROPS persist in the wild
and the need to use more farmland to produce feedstocks like switchgrass and corn stovers.
crickets need six times less feed than cattle to produce the same amount of protein. With these facts in mind, the European union is investing some 4 million euros in a feasibility study of insects as protein in animal feed.
An important aspect of any such study is pathology: knowing which insects are safe to eat and
or as feed for livestock, there is no clear cut explanation for why the green fell out of favor.
and feed, give them to small local truck farms and sustainable production methods. Then export expertise,
Food security Peter Singer argued that we waste most of the food value of the grains and soybeans we feed to animals.
the U s. Supreme court has lifted a ban on genetically modified alfalfa seeds. The move will likely affect the regulation of other biotech crops,
Monsanto engineered the alfalfa seeds to be resistant to the weed killing herbicide Roundup Ready,
Today, GM alfalfa seeds make up 1 percent of the market. Some 95 percent of beets grown in the U s. carry the Monsanto bacterial gene that resists the herbicide glyphosate, present in Roundup Ready.
The U s. Department of agriculture (USDA) approves the sale of GM alfalfa seeds. 2005 onward: More than 5, 500 farmers plant the GM alfalfa seeds. 2006:
The Center for Food safety sues the USDA for not investigating the impact of GM seeds on the environment. 2007:
the U s. District court for the Northern District of California bans the sale of GM alfalfa seeds on the grounds that the USDA violated federal law by not reviewing the seeds'environmental risk.
According to the USDA's preliminary assessment of the impact, Roundup Ready alfalfa will not adversely affect the environment.
A significant letter to USDA Secretary Vilsack points out that alfalfa is a major source of forage for dairy cows.
If USDA allows GM alfalfa to be grown, it will contaminate conventional alfalfa grown organically (through pollen drift).
If organic dairy producers cannot get uncontaminated organic alfalfa to feed their cows, they will not be able to get their milk certified as organic.
Nestle also questioned the ability for regulators to prevent pollen from GM CROPS to contaminate organic crops nearby.
like for animal feed or fertilizer, so we re not wasting them. Our Suffolk, Va.,plant achieved zero waste to landfill status this year.
wheat straw, switchgrass and other nonfood crops--into sugar which can then be fermented into fuels, feed and chemicals.
Masson turned hers into a grazing pasture. With a low-voltage solar-powered electric fence and no additional food or maintenance costs, the project didn't require too much investment,
it partnered with Dupont to find cost effective ways to bring corn stover-ethanol to market.
 Once the stovers, husks and leaves are collected and milled, they are broken further down by  enzymatic hydrolysis,
growing salt-tolerant grasses for fodder or biofuel, and evaporating the concentrated saline the plant emits to produce salt, Science reports.
the type of feed they are receiving or one of a very large spectrum of health complications.
Several types of fish, mainly tilapia, are grown in the tanks that feed the aquaponic system
say, two bales of hay into five gallons of ethanol for less than $1 a gallon,
we used 100%antibiotics in our animal feed for the chickens. But now, we have reduced it to only 30%and mixed the feed with others like Orgacids
and locally-made probiotics, he told representatives from Sunzen Biotech and Malaysia ambassador to China Datuk Iskandar Sarudin who visited the farm recently to see for himself how the green product fared in China.
probiotics, acidifiers and other green products in animal feed as part of their efforts to phase out the harmful antibiotics. oeafter using Orgacids and probiotics,
we managed to save about 5%the volume of animal feed. We will continue using them and
Another egg farmer, Zeng Xiaoyong, said he blended Orgacids with other ingredients like palm kernel extracts in his animal feed to improve absorptivity by the chickens.
He said he saved about 700 yuan (RM350) a day on his feed cost after switching from soy bean to the cheaper palm kernel extract for its mixture with animal feed.
Not only is the Orgacids product being used in chicken egg farms it is used also in feed for pigs, fish, prawns and cattle in China.
whose family runs a pig farm in Yantai in Shandong said he was happy with the results yielded using Orgacids as they managed to save about 4%on the volume of feed for the pigs. oewe have reduced the use of antibiotics
Sunzen Lifesciences research and development director Dr P. C. Kok said Orgacids could be added to animal feed
It is unlike antibiotics where you have to stop using it during the withdrawal period to let the body system clear. oethe recommended dose is 1. 5kg of Orgacids to a tonne of animal feed.
Google and Facebook are just a few of the companies that feed their employees for free and it seems to work well.
Earth will have nine billion mouths to feed. To solve this dilemma, Rob Aukerman, president of U s. operations at Elanco Animal health, has been a vocal advocate of oeproven technologies to assist farmers in delivering more food using fewer resources.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011