and feed cereal crop but also can be used as the basis of biofuel. Its resistance to heat and water stress allows it to grow in poor dryland regions as a staple food resource for 500 million poor people in Africa
Some of the same gases are emitted also from cow pats on pastures. But now researchers from the University of Helsinki have found that beetles living in cow pats may reduce emissions of the key greenhouse gas--methane.
Much of this methane comes from the guts of ruminating cattle but some escapes from dung pats on pastures.
but these crops occupy fertile soils needed for food and feed production. Fast growing plants such as poplar eucalyptus
or various grass residues such as corn stover and sugarcane bagasse do not compete and can be a sustainable source for biofuel.
These data feed into decision support systems that guide managers on where and when to deploy valuable firefighting resources and where to focus fire-prevention and recovery efforts.
We can now sustain a good protein source without harvesting fish to feed fish. The replacement of fishmeal and fish oil in aquaculture diets has been a goal for researchers for decades
and animal feedthe world's croplands could feed 4 billion more people than they do now just by shifting from producing animal feed
if some or all of the lands used to produce animal feed and fuel were reallocated to directly produce food for people.
The good news is that we already produce enough calories to feed a few billion more people Cassidy says.
It has enormous potential to help feed more people in many of the poorer parts of the world
Honey bees gather pollen to take to their hives and feed their young. But when the researchers collected pollen from bees foraging on native North american crops such as blueberries and watermelon they found the pollen came from other flowering plants in the area not from the crops.
and others supplying the vast data that feed the Googles and Expedias of the world.
and by 45 percent by 2100 depriving the basin of water that countries are counting on to drive turbines and feed farms.
and hamper efforts to restore our hay meadows new research has shown. Work by scientists at Newcastle University UK has looked at the impact slugs have on grassland biodiversity
Deroceras reticulatum prefers to feed above ground and is particularly fond of seedlings which is why they can have such a devastating impact on this type of conservation project.
#Do antibiotics in animal feed pose a serious risk to human health? As fears rise over antibiotic resistance two experts on The british Medical Journal website today debate
whether adding antibiotics to animal feed poses a serious risk to human health. David Wallinga from Keep Antibiotcs Working:
He points to data showing that in 2009-11 72%of all US sales of antimicrobials comprised those routinely added to water or animal feed.
But Veterinarian David Burch argues that medicated animal feed poses no additional risk of resistance development than giving a human patient an oral antimicrobial.
But Burch argues that use of antibiotics in feed was associated not with an increase in MRSA because no products
Patch-burn grazing involves dividing a pasture into three parts and burning a third of the pasture each year.
The practice creates a rotation basis so that each third of a pasture rests for two years.
and use antibiotics including non-therapeutically in animals'feed and water to promote their growth.
At antibiotic-free livestock operations animals are grown without the use of antibiotics typically outdoors on pasture.
#Mapping the benefits of our ecosystemswe rely on our physical environment for many things--clean water land for crops or pastures storm water absorption and recreation among others.
flood regulation pasture and freshwater supply all went together as did forest recreation soil retention carbon storage and surface water quality.
which prey on herbivorous insects but also caterpillars of the Egyptian cotton leafworm moth Spodoptera littoralis a species that feeds on maize leaves.
The caterpillars feed less and move more when exposed to high concentrations of the volatiles.
but with a mechanism they had never been able to observe according to Dr. Hays Rye Texas A&m Agrilife Research biochemist.
but with a mechanism they had never been able to observe according to Dr. Hays Rye Texas A&m Agrilife Research biochemist.
It is estimated that around half of UK householders feed birds in their gardens. This equates to around 50-60 thousand tonnes of bird food provisioned each year
and contributes to a thriving bird food industry. Jane Lawler Marketing Director at Gardman commented: As the wider scientific evidence shows feeding wild birds with appropriate foods delivers a range of positive benefits.
A number of unanswered questions remain however and this is why we have been supporting this and other research using the information gained to inform our products
or given fat balls enriched with Vitamin e--a vitamin commonly present in bird food such as nuts and seeds.
--and the absence of grazing or hay production on the fields prior to planting spinach reduced the risk sevenfold.
That study found that Arabidopsis thaliana--a widely used model organism for plant studies--begins ramping up production of insect-fighting chemicals a few hours before sunrise the time that hungry insects begin to feed.
For more than a decade for example scientists have been studying the potential of no-tillage planting of pastures and other farm practices to store carbon in agricultural lands
#New canary seed is ideal for gluten-free diets in celiac diseasea new variety of canary seeds bred specifically for human consumption qualifies as a gluten-free cereal that would be ideal for people with celiac disease (CD) scientists
or glabrous canary seed which lacks the tiny hairs of the seed traditionally produced as food for caged birds.
Those hairs made canary seed inedible for humans. It verified that canary seed is gluten-free. Boye also noted that canary seeds have more protein than other common cereals are rich in other nutrients
and are suitable for making flour that can be used in bread cookies cakes and other products.
The authors acknowledge funding from the Canaryseed Development Commission of Saskatchewan. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Chemical Society.
and create policies to improve food security and feed more people he added. Basso part of MSU's Global Water Initiative and his team of researchers developed the System Approach for Land-use Sustainability model.
cool-season grasses and grains such as timothy alfalfa wheat oats barley and rice; soybeans; non-grassy herbs and forbs.
and stages of milk production from the fertilizer used to grow the animal's feed to waste disposal of packaging after consumer use.
The researchers identified many areas where the industry can reduce impact within feed and milk production processing and distribution retail and the supply chain.
They focused on farms where processes for feed production handling of enteric methane and manure management varied greatly
and his colleagues Melissa Montalbo-Lomboy and Priyanka Chand has shown that pretreating a wide variety of feedstocks (including switch grass corn stover
Currently in the U s. there is no federal law prohibiting the sale or use of arsenic-based drugs in poultry feed.
In January Maryland became the first U s. state to ban the use of most arsenicals in chicken feed.
which for genes feeds into the machinery that makes proteins. But Herrera-Estrella Albert and their colleagues argue that organisms may not bulk up on genetic junk for reasons of benefit.
but will also inflict climate feedbacks that will decrease the productivity of pasture and soybeans.
and leaves of fig trees are used for animal fodder which can sustain livestock through otherwise lean periods.
But it also contains relatives of forage crops like alfalfa; fiber crops such as flax and cotton;
and feed and scientific progress ironically because the outside world has embraced the technology which is so unpopular in Europe realizing this is the only way to achieve sustainable agriculture said Paul Christou of the University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center and Instituciã Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avanã§ats in Spain.
Over the past two decades Mato grosso has experienced both the highest rates of deforestation (mostly for pasture
and geography to large tracts of the Amazon where soybean production largely for export as animal feed is expanding rapidly.
article April 5 for the Metallomics journal of The Royal Society of Chemistry on how to use X-ray analysis to map a path to increasing the amount of nitrogen that legumes deposit into the soil Cultivation of legumes the plant family that includes peas beans alfalfa soybeans
Meanwhile intensification to single-crop fields from pasture with low stocking rates was associated not with development gains the research found.
The research showed that intensification to single-crop fields from pasture had no effect on economic variables.
The new approach takes cellulose from non-food plant material such as corn stover converts about 30%to amylose
Corn stover consists of the stem leaves and husk of the corn plant remaining after ears of corn are harvested.
or corn stover may take over as those technologies reach the right scale and cost structures.
Cows horses and termites can digest the cellulose in grass hay and wood. Most cellulose consists of wood fibers and cell wall remains.
and feed conversion rate will not be changed Stein said. All diets contained the same amounts of energy standardized ileal digestible indispensable amino acids
and Africa and will likely gain interest from drought-prone regions of the developed world as an alternative to corn in animal feed Parvathaneni said.
The researchers found that a scale insect that exclusively feeds on oak trees was 13 times more abundant on willow oaks in the hottest parts of the city of Raleigh North carolina than in cooler areas of the same city even
#Better-educated parents feed children fewer fats and less sugarthe level of education of parents has an influence on the frequency with
N availability corn stover accumulation and unfavorable weather. Given that weather cannot be controlled and the optimum N fertilizer rate can be determined only after crop harvest managing corn stover has the greatest potential for reducing the CCYP said Gentry.
The same research team is collaborating on a follow-up study investigating the effect of stover removal and tillage on the CCYP.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Illinois College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental sciences.
Unchecked the pest burrows into potato roots to feed obstructing nutrients and causing stunted growth wilted leaves and other symptoms that can eventually kill the plant.
They are finding success using the byproducts of biofuels made from corn stover wheat straw and rice straw.
and some cellulose in it but it's not really a feed material anymore Riding said.
and corn stover can be used for making cellulosic ethanol. Cellulosic ethanol byproducts then can be added to cement to strengthen concrete.
The late monsoon in 2005 hindered summer grass development to the point that U s. ranchers had to buy supplemental feed for their cattle Andrea Ray a researcher at the National Oceanic
or destroyed when farmers mix feed. The Enviropig was created to solve this problem. The transgenic pig synthesizes phytase in its salivary glands eliminating the need for additional supplements or enzymes in the feed.
By digesting more phosphorus the Enviropig also produces less phosphorus in its waste. The enzyme is secreted in the saliva
and coauthors Paul Heady of the Central Coast Bat Research Group and John Hayes of the University of Florida also contributed to the study.
One effective strategy is for landholders to grow feed themselves rather than purchase soy from another source.
All social species ultimately evolved from a solitary ancestor--in this case a solitary wasp who lays the eggs and feeds the brood.
The manure had been collected from livestock that had consumed either corn or feed with wet distillers grains.
There are a lot of things that feed into the same model of resistant starch as a cancer-protective agent Higgins says.
They propose amendments to EU Directive 2001/18 to allow pharmaceutical products from GM plants to be commercialised without needing authorisation to enter the human food or animal feed chain.
Instead the scientists say they should be grown under clearly defined and enforced conditions to keep the food and animal feed chain'contamination free'.
Government regulations thus limit levels of mycotoxins that are permissible in food and animal feed.
Unlike other scientists usually relying on short-term artificial study plots the researchers studied longstanding pasture grasslands on southern Vancouver Island for 10 years.
#Benefits of Bt corn go beyond rootworm resistanceengineered to produce the bacterial toxin Bt Bt corn resists attack by corn rootworm a pest that feeds on roots
Called corn by most people in North america modern variants of the Zea mays plant are among the indispensable food crops that feed billions of the planet's people.
which each fertilized seed contained two siblings--an embryo and a corresponding bit of tissue known as endosperm that feeds the embryo as the seed grows said CU-Boulder Professor Pamela Diggle.
what feeds the world said Friedman who also directs the Arnold Arboretum at Harvard. If flowering plants weren't here humans wouldn't be here.
During this time the cow eats rough plants like hay and grasses. The methane-producing bacteria in the cow's gut thrive on these plants.
The JBEI/INL collaboration mixed switchgrass lodgepole pine corn stover and eucalyptus in flour and pellets and within 24 hours of saccharification were able to obtain sugar yields of up to 90-percent
Traditional cattle feed mixtures of corn grains alfalfa hay and grass silage result in dairy products with low concentrations of omega-3 and other polyunsaturated fats according to Gerd Bobe the lead scientist
Although flaxseed costs more than traditional cattle feeds Bobe hopes that it still could be feed an affordable supplement for cows
This suggests generic packaging could have a greater impact over a longer term period as the impact on young people starting smoking feeds through into the adult smoking statistics.
The stress of weaning can lead to reduced feed intake less available energy and an increased risk of infection.
Even if pigs ate less feed they would still have access to the triglycerides produced by these bacteria.
The ice keeps reindeer from grazing on their winter pastures and also reduces food accessibility for the rock ptarmigan
and greenhouse gas impacts of different crops including corn poplar alfalfa and old field vegetation.
and feed a best-before date stamped on shells and hygiene controls at packing stations.
The chosen rock is in an area where Curiosity's Mast Camera (Mastcam) and other cameras have revealed diverse unexpected features including veins nodules cross-bedded layering a lustrous pebble embedded in sandstone and possibly some holes in the ground.
The Illinois Corn Marketing Board and the feed company Agrifirm from The netherlands provided funding for this research.
Feeding pregnant cows and suckling calves typically requires pasture or rangeland and represents a substantial maintenance cost.
Yet in the U s. intensive more efficient pasture management is not what it could be said White.
The overall goal is to develop improved plants that can feed increasing numbers of people
Algae may in the future be an ingredient of animal feed to replace the environmentally damaging fish meal
and 7 were cat food. Of these 20 16 contained meat species that were included not on the product label with pork being the most common undeclared meat species. In three of the cases of potential mislabeling one
The U s. Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary medicine regulates animal feed and pet foods. While the U s. Department of agriculture regulates the interstate transportation and processing of animal products as well as the inspection of animal product imports and exports.
#No sign of health or nutrition problems from GMO livestock feed, study findsa new scientific review from the University of California Davis reports that the performance
and health of food-producing animals consuming genetically engineered feed first introduced 18 years ago has been comparable to that of animals consuming non-GE feed.
or other food products derived from animals that ate genetically engineered feed. The review led by UC Davis animal scientist Alison Van Eenennaam examined nearly 30 years of livestock-feeding studies that represent more than 100 billion animals.
Today 19 genetically engineered plant species are approved for use in the United states including the major crops used extensively in animal feed:
alfalfa canola corn cotton soybean and sugar beet. Food-producing animals such as cows pigs goats chickens
and poultry that have eaten GE feed would require supply-chain segregation and traceability as the products themselves would not differ in any way that could be detected.
To avoid international trade disruptions it is critical that the regulatory approval process for genetically engineered products be established in countries importing these feeds at the same time that regulatory approvals are passed in the countries that are major exporters of animal feed Van Eenennaam said.
and they gain access to free pasture land. Managers win because control costs are reduced. Communities and property owners win
Barton grew plots of soybeans in alfalfa fields protecting some with wind blocks and leaving others in the open.
and animal feed owing to rising demand for meat and the expansion of land use for the production of bioenergy says Zabel Story Source:
The FFDAS uses information from satellite feeds national fuel accounts and a new global database on power plants to create high-resolution planetary maps.
of which wind up in cosmetics or household goods (palm oil) animal feed (soy) and packaging (wood products).
The farm generates income from three main sources--forage hay native plant seed and more recently grass-fed beef he explained.
For starters cows don't efficiently convert plant-based feed into muscle or milk so they must eat lots of feed.
Growing that feed often involves the use of fertilizers and other substances manufactured through energy-intensive processes.
And then there's the fuel used by farm equipment. In addition cows burp lots of methane and their manure also releases this potent greenhouse gas.
#Ozone pollution in India kills enough crops to feed 94 million in povertyin one year India's ozone pollution damaged millions of tons of the country's major
(which the fungus also needs) from pasture grape pomace coffee or pineapple crown. This preparation where the mushrooms are to be developed is called substrate.
and alfalfa to grow without nitrogen fertilizer. When Anã and his colleagues looked closer they found that rhizobium symbiosis also employs mechanical stimulation.
Small antelopes such as springbok or steenbok specialise on shrubs and herbs whereas the oryx antelope feeds on grass--just like the cattle.
and feed predominantly in ducts behind the eye where they can cause severe inflammation and edema from their feeding activities.
This research indicates that ranchers do not have to restrict their pasture burning to only late April Towne said.
Burning earlier in the season offers increased flexibility in ensuring that the pasture gets burned without reducing grass production.
But for the panthers to continue their comeback they rely greatly on the mixed landscape found on ranches which includes forests wetlands prairies and pastures.
Rice feeds half the world making it the most important food crop Wing said. Rice will play a key role in helping to solve what we call the 9 billion-people question.
and the barley may also be downgraded from high quality malting barley to that of feed quality with an associated loss in market value.
In practice that means good fertility longer life udders that give good protection against infections improved claws and more efficient feed utilisation.
because plants represent the main food source for cattle in countries such as Brazil--one of the only countries in the world that produce meat and milk through the extensive farming of livestock i e. through livestock farming in pastures.
The impacts of climate change on pasture areas are very serious and are already occurring said Martinez.
The solution for cultivating pastures in drought-susceptible areas may be through irrigation or the use of drought-resistant species that can adapt to climate changes the researcher told.
When the numbers were in including those for the environmental costs of different kinds of feed (pasture roughage such as hay
and Western europe account for the bulk of this diet gap with corn the main crop being diverted to animal feed.
Although cultural preferences and politics limit the ability to change this picture the authors note that shifting crops from animal feed to human food could serve as a safety net
Their data on rainfall fluctuations and on the productivity and regenerative capacity of pasture vegetation formed the basis for the ecological part of the model.
Drought conditions lead to poor pasture conditions and hay production which then impacts the number of cattle ranchers can graze Knapp said.
and fragmentation resulting from the development of pastures and plantations have had on the Amazon rainforest.
#Payback time for soil carbon from pasture conversion to sugarcane productionthe reduction of soil carbon stock caused by the conversion of pasture areas into sugarcane plantations--a very common change in Brazil in recent
The study indicates that the soil carbon balance of pasture areas converted for the cultivation of sugarcane designed for ethanol production is not as negative as originally estimated said Carlos Clemente Cerri project coordinator and researcher at CENA.
According to Cerri soil from pasture areas has a carbon stock whose volume varies only slightly over the years.
These reference areas included pastures annual cropland (soybean sorghum and corn) and Cerrado native vegetation.
More than 70%of this land consisted of pastures and 25%had been used for growing grains said the study's researchers.
and control in Great britain demonstrated that the majority of herd outbreaks are caused by multiple transmissions routes--including failed cattle infection tests cattle movement and reinfection from environmental reservoirs (infected pastures and wildlife).
and the number of people that this could feed. They also compared the use of traditional farming techniques to industrialised agricultural methods to come up with the yield gap.
and then used the crop's food calories to determine the amount of people it could feed.
In contrast converting already cleared pastures to sugar cane production provides a nearly immediate carbon payback
With over 2. 5 million square kilometers of existing cleared lands in Brazil much of which is degraded pasture lands there is already a large potential area for biofuel crop expansion.
which includes using degraded pastures for a combination of reforestation expansion of biofuel and food crops and intensification of cattle production.
In the U s. barley and oats are used primarily for animal feed since they are difficult to break down
what we do said John Hayes Phd assistant professor of food science and director of the Sensory Evaluation Center at Pennsylvania State university with taste consistently ranking as number one.
People with a high sensitivity to bitterness eat 25 percent fewer vegetables said Hayes. The bitter perception is highly complex according to Hayes with 25 known bitter receptor genes.
It's also not destiny. Learning can override innate aversions. You can learn to like things.
Grassland bird trends were associated positively with the acreages of CRP lands and some types of pastures.
or by variations in the dwell time of their feed. It's not so much the actual composition of the microbiome that determines emission
For example a red-tailed hawk that repeatedly feeds on prey containing sublethal amounts of the second-generation poison is at risk for accumulating a lethal amount over time.
and the fish that feed off them--creating larger and stronger fish new research shows.
or pasture land were restored anywhere from one to four years ago according to Winkler. This involved taking the areas down to the bare ground and then seeding native grasses.
There is a fledgling industrial effort underway in Florida to redirect the five million tons of annual citrus waste generated there from low-value cattle feed to produce ethanol for fuel.
and how willing are the forest owners to convert land used for pasture agriculture and other purposes to forest and convert forest land to land for cultivation of energy crops?
The 1990s Trend baseline scenario assumes land-use trends will continue as they did during the 1990s resulting in less cropland pasture and rangeland and more forests and urbanization.
and chains and feed it into databases that tell us about the landscape before Europeans made drastic changes to it.
Longer storm seasons and more severe storms are contributing to an excessive amount of phosphorus in the lake--mostly from domestic and agricultural runoff--that feeds the HABS.
Threat to domestic animalsin The alps chamois are frequently in close contact with domestic animals such as cattle and sheep that graze in the pastures.
and related feed use would not only benefit their health and their wallet Popp adds. Both changes would also increase the overall resource efficiency of food production
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