Albatross are remarkable fliers who travel thousands of miles on wind currents without ever flapping their wings.
They do this by angling their 6-foot wings to adjust for wind currents and varying air speeds above the water.
#In beef production, cow-calf phase contributes most greenhouse gasesscientists have known long that cattle produce carbon dioxide
and methane throughout their lives but a new study pinpoints the cow-calf stage as a major contributor of greenhouse gases during beef production.
which production system farmers used beef production has a carbon footprint ranging from 10.7 to 22.6 kg of carbon dioxide equivalent per kg of hot carcass weight.
If you look at everything that contributes to greenhouse gases through the beef supply chain then it is the cow-calf that produces the greatest greenhouse gases Mitloehner said.
The beef industry has been paying close attention to greenhouse gas emissions in recent years. We are doing a lot to measure
and mitigate our impact said Chase Adams director of communications for the National Cattlemen's Beef Association.
In a 2011 paper for the Journal of Animal Science researcher Jude Capper showed that the beef industry today uses significantly less water and land than 30 years ago.
The industry has reduced also its carbon footprint by 16.3 percent per billion kilograms of beef produced.
According to Mitloehner beef producers can further reduce their carbon impact by using new technologies like growth promotants.
and they choose organic beef or beef with reduced amounts of growth promotants. The technologies many consumers are critical of are those that help us receive the greatest environmental gains Mitloehner said.
Advice commonly given to consumers includes reducing the number of flights taken replacing energy-hungry appliances and lightbulbs with energy efficient ones and eating less red meat.
He claims that out of the above examples only eating less meat reduces total emissions
Driving your car less eating less red meat and improving the insulation of your home substantially reduces your carbon footprint.
#Eating deep-fried food linked to increased risk of prostate cancerregular consumption of deep-fried foods such as French fries fried chicken
While previous studies have suggested that eating foods made with high-heat cooking methods such as grilled meats may increase the risk of prostate cancer this is the first study to examine the addition of deep frying to the equation.
when meat is cooked at high temperatures) aldehyde (an organic compound found in perfume) and acrolein (a chemical found in herbicides).
and was developed by former Stanford senior research associate Frank Ham. This code utilizes unstructured meshes to simulate turbulent flow in the presence of complicated geometry.
--and to simulate the turbulent flow over an entire airplane wing. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Stanford School of engineering.
However the researchers advise all pet owners to wash their hands after touching such treats as they would with any raw meat or raw meat diets.
and raw meat diets note the scientists. To learn more about veterinarian and pet owner perceptions of dog foods and treats the research team developed a 20-question Web-based survey.
H-BN looks like graphene with the same chicken-wire atomic array. The earlier work at Rice showed that merging graphene
and tastes sometimes described as resembling smoked meat disinfectant or a dirty ashtray. In an effort to manage
which could in turn affect the migratory prey that reside in the area in the summer such as sea birds and barnacle geese.
#Quail really know their camouflagewhen it comes to camouflage ground-nesting Japanese quail are experts.
Karen Spencer also of University of St andrews and a co-author had noticed earlier that female quail lay eggs that vary a lot in appearance
To find out they gave female quail in the lab a choice between four different backgrounds on
Those choice experiments revealed that most quail mothers lay their eggs on background colors to match the spots on their eggs.
The findings suggest that quail in the wild lower the chance that their eggs will be found
of which are linked to food items such as eggs chicken beef pork salad vegetables and dairy products. Between 1981 and 1991 the number of salmonella infections rose by 170%in the UK driven primarily by an epidemic of Salmonella enteritidis
--and certain types of food already linked to protective or damaging effects on healththese included meat fish fruits and vegetables pulses cereals bread and pasta rice butter margarine nuts
The health-conscious pattern was characterized by relatively higher intakes of pasta noodles rice whole fruit poultry nuts fish and vegetables and lower intakes of fried vegetables processed meats
#Beef industry, consumers to be affected by cattle production decreases in 2013beef production in the United states is expected to decrease 4. 8 percent in 2013 the second largest year-over-year decrease in 35 years
Beef production in 2012 decreased by approximately 1. 1 percent compared to 2011 with a 3. 3 percent decrease in slaughter
However the effect on consumption of beef does not always match the change in production.
but must be adjusted for beef imports and exports. In 2013 per capita beef consumption is expected to drop 3. 5 percent less than the production decrease
because beef imports will increase and beef exports will decrease Peel said. The decrease in per capita beef consumption in 2013 should be similar to the year-over-year decrease in 2011 compared to 2010.
In 2011 domestic per capita beef consumption decreased 3. 8 percent in large part because of a sharp increase in beef exports despite a minimal decrease in beef production.
Though 2004 had a sharper production decrease per capita beef consumption that year increased nearly 2 percent because of a sharp drop in beef exports largely attributed to the first case of Bovine spongiform encephalopathy also referred to as BSE in the United states. Beef consumption may drop more sharply in 2014 with a 5
percent decrease in per capita consumption compared to the lower 2013 level Peel said. Furthermore these decreases in beef production and consumption almost certainly imply higher wholesale
and retail beef prices although other factors will impact the price response to lower supplies.
Choice boxed beef has been trapped in a narrow range between $193 and $198 per hundredweight for the past three months.
Retail beef prices were flat to slightly lower through much of 2012 but did jump sharply in November.
In 2011 a similar decrease in beef consumption resulted in a 15 percent increase in boxed beef prices
and a nearly 10 percent increase in retail prices Peel said. Total meat consumption decreased about 2 percent in 2011
and a similar 2. 1 percent decrease is expected in 2013 with both pork and broiler consumption expected to drop approximately 1. 5 percent each.
The pressure for higher boxed beef prices will increase significantly with an expected 4. 5 percent decrease in beef production in the first quarter of 2013.
Choice boxed beef should move above $200 per hundredweight in the next few weeks. Beyond that Peel believes it will be a question of how much
and how fast retailers can pass along the higher wholesale prices to consumers. It is not really a question of
whether retail prices will go up but rather a question of how much and how fast he said.
Beef demand remains the biggest unknown in the beef industry. Time will tell just how severe the squeeze will be on industry margins in 2013.
Cattle and calves represent the number one agricultural commodity produced in Oklahoma accounting for 46 percent of total agricultural cash receipts
and adding approximately $2 billion to the state economy according to National Agricultural Statistics Service data.
and spinal cord of aborted lambs and calves. The virus prefers to infect cells called neurons
when virus is transmitted from an SBV infected mother to the calves or lambs in the uterus during pregnancy.
and eliminate duck habitat. Willow thickets also use tremendous amounts of water leaving less available for wildlife and people.
Now University of Manchester scientists have come up with a unique deterrent--a talking tweeting chicken guarding your cupboards to shame hungry dieters into abstaining.
The chicken which not only barks out orders to sneaky snackers but even tweets that person's Twitter account to publicly shame them if they stray uses a Raspberry Pi--a tiny single-board computer.
and has feathers then it's probably a duck he said. The work was supported by the National aeronautics and space administration.
White and WSU economist Mike Brady demonstrated that the willingness of consumers to pay a little more for meat products labeled to reflect a single environmentally friendly production practice such as water conservation can add up to real change.
White and Brady found that by paying 10 percent more for environmentally labeled meat products consumers could bring about huge water savings in livestock production.
In 2013 the U s. produced 26 billion pounds of beef. Based on this number White estimated that 76 to 129 billion gallons of water could be saved annually.
and compare consumers'willingness to pay for meat products with labels that reflect a single attribute of reducing environmental impact
The study also demonstrated that moderate price premiums for all cuts of meat that are acceptable to the average consumer will have a greater impact on water conservation than high premiums for a few niche products.
Growing greener grasswhite explained that cow/calf operations represent an opportunity to significantly reduce water use in beef production.
Which type of bacteria causes severe lung disease in European brown hare? Molecular biological analyses of tissue samples always confront scientists with the same problem:
#Worlds smallest liver-kidney transplant performed to save toddlers lifeaspen Erickson was running out of time.
she would need a combined liver-kidney transplant for a chance at a normal life.
Earlier this year she received the lifesaving procedure at University of Utah Health care--a gift that not only gave her a new beginning but also marked her as the recipient of the world's smallest liver-kidney transplant.
and 20 minute surgery on June 29 would make history as the smallest liver-kidney transplant on record.
and they spend most of their lives sick said Robin Kim M d Surgical Director of Liver Transplantation at University of Utah Health care.
and her family--are turning to the University of Utah for liver transplant services. While the U s liver transplant program is one of the youngest in the region it has established itself as among the most successful.
In 2013 the University of Utah performed the most liver transplants in the state with 35 patients undergoing lifesaving procedures at the U. The U s liver transplant program's success isn't solely based on numbers however.
After Kim took the helm of the liver transplant program three years ago the program has reached new heights under his leadership.
One example of the program's positive strides is a prestigious designation from the University Healthsystem Consortium for the outcomes of patients who've received a liver transplant at the U. The consortium an alliance of more than 100 academic medical centers and nearly 250
of their affiliate hospitals (which represent more than 90 percent of the nation's nonprofit academic medical centers) determined that in the past three years the University of Utah's operative death rate for its liver transplant program is zero.
The designation means that not only are more patients choosing to undergo liver transplants at University Hospital
but those who are undergoing transplants are surviving at a high rate and going on to live healthy lives after their procedures.
Of the 68 liver transplant programs in the U s. eligible for a critique by the UHC only four including the University of Utah have met the criteria for an operative death rate of zero said Kim.
The approach of team care only available at an academic medical center sets the U. apart from other liver transplant programs in the region.
In addition to duck and amphibians moose and upland mammals use this habitat extensively. Having beaver on the landscape creates a lot of biodiversity.
which accounts for about 84%of meat production in Denmark. But the consumption in poultry and pets has increased also.
An increased occurrence of diarrhea in broilers in 2013 can partly explain the increased consumption of penicillins which are an effective treatment against diarrhea.
In 2010 Danish pork producers introduced a voluntary ban on the use of cephalosporins where other effective treatment options are available.
Not all brands follow meat regulationsresearchers in Chapman University's Food Science Program have published just a study on pet food mislabeling.
and cats to identify meat species present as well as any instances of mislabeling. Of the 52 products tested 31 were labeled correctly 20 were mislabeled potentially
and one contained a nonspecific meat ingredient that could not be verified. Although regulations exist for pet foods increases in international trade
With the recent discovery of horsemeat in ground meat products sold for human consumption in several European countries finding horsemeat in U s. consumer food
Chicken was the most common meat species found in the pet food products. Pork was the second most common meat species detected
and beef turkey and lamb followed respectively. Goose was the least common meat species detected.
None of the products tested positive for horsemeat. Of the 20 potentially mislabeled products 13 were dog food
and 7 were cat food. Of these 20 16 contained meat species that were included not on the product label with pork being the most common undeclared meat species. In three of the cases of potential mislabeling one
or two meat species were substituted for other meat species. In the study DNA was extracted from each product and tested for the presence of eight meat species:
beef goat lamb chicken goose turkey pork and horse. Pet food safety was another area of concern particularly with pet foods that are formulated specifically to address food allergies in both cats and dogs continued Dr. Hellberg.
The pet food industry is a substantial market in the United states. Nearly 75 percent of U s. households own pets totaling about 218 million pets (not including fish.
On average each household spends $500 annually on their pets equating to about 1 percent of household expenditures.
meat taco pizza bean taco pizza garlic spinach pizza meat lover's pizza and a mozzarella burger.
The review study also found that scientific studies have detected no differences in the nutritional makeup of the meat milk
Food-producing animals such as cows pigs goats chickens and other poultry species now consume 70 to 90 percent of all genetically engineered crops according to the new UC Davis review.
Studies have shown continually that the milk meat and eggs derived from animals that have consumed GE feed are indistinguishable from the products derived from animals fed a non-GE diet Van Eenennaam said.
The meat of affected animals is not suitable for consumption and must be disposed of. The disease usually manifests two to three years after the initial infection.
and animal feed owing to rising demand for meat and the expansion of land use for the production of bioenergy says Zabel Story Source:
and meat fat but cannot be synthetized by the body. This fatty acid has been shown recently to have health-promoting effects.
and their mysterious not quite-meat not quite-vegetable qualities that belie an almost otherworldly existence. But are the mushrooms
Indeed high intakes of red meat and meat products have been shown to increase the risk of T2d.
High intakes of meat and meat products were regardless of fat content associated with increased risk
but the increased risk was higher for lower fat meats (increased risk of type 2 diabetes for high fat meats 9%for low fat 24%)both referring to the risk
%The highest consuming group for the high-fat meat had 90g or more per day and for the low-fat meat 80g per day.
Meat intake was associated with increased risk of developing diabetes regardless of fat content. She adds:
and meat-rich diets said Gretchen Daily the Bing Professor in Environmental science at Stanford and senior author on the paper.
The study also finds that the majority of this illegal destruction was driven by overseas demand for agricultural commodities including palm oil beef soy and wood products.
Export Agriculture a Key Driver of Illegal Deforestationaccording to the report the international trade in agricultural commodities (beef leather soy palm oil
and 14%of all beef traded internationally comes from land that had been deforested illegally. Nearly one-fifth (17%)of Brazilian beef 75%of Brazilian soy and 70-80%of the palm oil and plantation wood and pulp from Indonesia were destined for foreign markets.
Five football fields of tropical forest are being destroyed every minute to supply these export commodities said Lawson noting that the report's figures were obtained using conservative estimates based on documented violations of significant impact.
The report identifies 33 species like the northern bobwhite quail grasshopper sparrow and bank swallow that do not meet the Watch List criteria
and their milk and meat becomes bitter and useless. The Innovation Lab built a quarantine facility in 2007 to ensure that the pea-sized beetle had eyes for parthenium alone.
He also found that China is greatly increasing its consumption of meat which already is changing land-use patterns in that country--meat production requires significantly more land area then crops.
Fats and proteins tend to increase with the economic development of emerging countries he said.
Since alcohol is metabolized by the liver it can alter the way heart medications and other drugs work in the body Gilchrist said.
while watching the big game: â#¢Help minimize stress by watching the game with people you enjoy. â#¢Knock out a few pushups
and situps during commercial breaks. â#¢Chew gum or squeeze a stress ball to reduce anxiety
or if you are attending the game take a walk around the stadium or to another section to meet a friend. â#¢Manage your net dietary intake by planning ahead
and more recently grass-fed beef he explained. The native grasses require less input than rowcrops
The guidelines don't explicitly state that Americans should eat less meat. However an appendix to the report lists the recommended average daily intake amounts of various foods including meat.
The recommended amount of meat is significantly less than current consumption levels which Heller and Keoleian estimated using the USDA's Loss Adjusted Food Availability dataset as a proxy for per capita food consumption in the United states
. While a drop in meat consumption would help cut diet-related greenhouse gas emissions increased use of dairy products
--and to a lesser extent seafood fruits and vegetables--would have the opposite effect increasing diet-related emissions according to the U-M researchers.
Greenhouse gas emissions associated with producing the U s. diet are dominated by the meats category according to Heller and Keoleian.
While beef accounts for only 4 percent by weight of the food available it contributes 36 percent of the associated greenhouse gases they conclude.
and Victor Albert professor of biological sciences at the University at Buffalo are the principal authors of the study.
The above story is provided based on materials by University at Buffalo. The original article was written by Cory Nealon.
and fruit juices red and/or processed meat and sodium a higher score corresponded to lower intake.
and global tastes shift towards meat-heavy Western diets increasing agricultural yields will not meet projected food demands of what is expected to be 9. 6 billion people--making it necessary to bring more land into cultivation.
The average efficiency of livestock converting plant feed to meat is less than 3 %and as we eat more meat more arable cultivation is turned over to producing feedstock for animals that provide meat for humans.
The losses at each stage are large and as humans globally eat more and more meat conversion from plants to food becomes less
and less efficient driving agricultural expansion and land cover conversion and releasing more greenhouse gases.
%Western diets are increasingly characterised by excessive consumption of food including that of emission-intensive meat and dairy products.
We tested a scenario where all countries were assumed to achieve an average balanced diet--without excessive consumption of sugars fats and meat products.
For example the figures included two 85g portions of red meat and five eggs per week as well as a portion of poultry a day.
it is an argument about eating meat in sensible amounts as part of healthy balanced diets said Cambridge co-author Prof Keith richards.
Cutting food waste and moderating meat consumption in more balanced diets are the essential'no-regrets'options added Bajzelj.
#Flapping baby birds give clues to origin of flighthow did the earliest birds take wing? Did they fall from trees
The study looked at how baby birds in this case chukar partridges pheasant-like game birds from Eurasia react
The researchers Dennis Evangelista now a postdoctoral researcher at the University of North carolina Chapel hill and Robert Dudley UC Berkeley professor of integrative biology found that even ungainly day-old baby birds successfully use their flapping wings
This suggests that even rudimentary wings can serve a very useful aerodynamic purpose. Flapping and rollingthe nestlings right themselves by pumping their wings asymmetrically to flip or roll.
By nine days after hatching 100 percent of the birds in the study had developed coordinated
and occur before other previously described uses of the wings such as for weight support during wing-assisted incline running said Evangelista who emphasized that no chukar chicks were injured in the process.
and allowed the ancestors of today's birds to effectively use their forelimbs as rudimentary wings.
The new study shows that aerial righting using uncoordinated asymmetric wing flapping is a very early development.
But once animals without wings have this innate aerial righting behavior when wings came along it became easier quicker and more efficient.
Dudley noted that some scientists hypothesize that true powered flight originated in the theropod dinosaurs the ancestors to birds
when they used symmetric wing flapping while running up an incline a behavior known as wing-assisted incline running or WAIR.
WAIR proponents argue that the wings assist running by providing lift like the spoiler on a race car
and that the ability to steer or maneuver is absent early in evolution. Falling gliding and flyingsuch activity has never been observed regularly in nature
which rudimentary wings could have been used but it kicks in rather late in development relative to asymmetric flapping Dudley added.
This experiment illustrates that there is a much broader range of aerodynamic capacity available for animals with these tiny tiny wings than has been realized previously.
if they flapped their wings while running up an incline. None did. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of California-Berkeley.
#New research reveals how wild rabbits were transformed genetically into tame rabbitsthe genetic changes that transformed wild animals into domesticated forms have long been a mystery.
and the nervous system were particularly important for rabbit domestication. The study is published today in Science
The rabbit was domesticated much later about 1400 years ago at monasteries in southern France. It has been claimed that rabbits were domesticated
because the Catholic church had declared that young rabbits were considered not meat but fish and could therefore be eaten during lent!
When domestication occurred the wild ancestor the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was confined to the Iberian peninsula and southern France.
There are several reasons why the rabbit is an outstanding model for genetic studies of domestication:
and this region is populated still densely with wild rabbits explains Miguel Carneiro from CIBIO/Inbio-University of Porto one of the leading authors on the paper.
Wild rabbits also serve as an excellent model for genetic studies of the early stages of species formation as shown in an accompanying study we publish today in PLOS Genetics adds Miguel Carneiro.
Then they resequenced entire genomes of domestic rabbits representing six different breeds and wild rabbits sampled at 14 different places across the Iberian peninsula and southern France.
No previous study on animal domestication has involved such a careful examination of genetic variation in the wild ancestral species. This allowed us to pinpoint the genetic changes that have occurred during rabbit domestication says Leif Andersson Uppsala University Swedish University of Agricultural
In contrast to domestic rabbits wild rabbits have a very strong flight response because they are hunted by eagles hawks foxes
In fact Charles darwin wrote In on the Origin of Species that â#no animal is more difficult to tame than the young of the wild rabbit;
scarcely any animal is tamer than the young of the tame rabbit. Darwin used domestic animals as a proof-of-principle that it is possible to change phenotypes by selection.
Rabbit domestication has occurred primarily by altering the frequencies of gene variants that were already present in the wild ancestor.
The team observed very few examples where a gene variant common in domestic rabbits had replaced completely the gene variant present in wild rabbits;
it was rather shifts in frequencies of those variants that were favoured in domestic rabbits. An interesting consequence of this is that
if you release domestic rabbits into the wild there is an opportunity for back selection at those genes that have been altered during domestication
the difference between a wild and a tame rabbit is not which genes they carry
But that of course makes perfect sense in relation to the drastic changes in behaviour between wild and domestic rabbits concludes Kerstin Lindblad-Toh.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011