ruminant

Ruminant

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said Kathie Starkweather of the Lyon, Neb. -based Center for Rural affairs. oeif you start to lose something key like a grocery store,

Neb.,, a town of 132 where the grocery store closed 10 years ago, community leaders got a $75,

said Kathie Starkweather of the Lyon, Neb. -based Center for Rural affairs. oeif you start to lose something key like a grocery store,

Neb.,, a town of 132 where the grocery store closed 10 years ago, community leaders got a $75,

the intruder smashed a plate glass window of a dessert shop in Lincoln, Neb. Inside, destruction.

but was horrified to see that the features of the lambs snout bore a striking resemblance to a human face. oeive seen mutations with cows and sheep before.

859 164 Costa Mesa, Calif. 110,322 160 Denton, Texas 115,098 160 Killeen, Texas 127,995 160 Lincoln, Neb. 259,218 156 Lubbock

and relate more positively to each other for instance by extending their tongue or proboscis. When they interact only with their left antennas on the other hand they are much more likely to respond negatively arching their body into A c-shape

and ruled out several possible causes for the elk deaths including poachers anthrax lightning strikes epizootic hemorrhagic disease (an often-fatal virus known to affect deer and other ruminants) botulism poisonous plants

The researchers say this discovery helps fill in a blank spot in the evolution of horses before the animals became even better suited for a life in the grasslands growing taller and developing longer snouts for example.

Giraffes are ruminants like cows and their stomachs have four compartments that digest the leaves they eat.

They have wide snouts and thick lips that help them graze on tough African grasses.

These rules include providing access to the outdoors including to pasture for ruminants. Marion Nestle a professor of nutrition and public health at New york University said the results came as no surprise.

The dinosaur had a long flaring snout and absurdly long curving horns that stretched almost to the tip of its nose.

They simply uptake salts through a process similar to absorption by placing the proboscis on the salt-laden tears and passively'feed.'

whether the bees extended their proboscis the strawlike mouthpart they use to suck up nectar within 10 seconds of exposure to the odor in the study chambers.

If the bee did not extend its proboscis then it was presumed to have lost the ability to recognize the smell.

The team found that bees were much less likely to extend their proboscis within 10 seconds in the contaminated chamber than the uncontaminated chamber.

#Facts About Wolverines Wolverines look something like a mixture of a dog a skunk and a bear with short legs long hair and elongated snouts.

Facts, Types & Pictures Camels are mammals with long legs a big-lipped snout and a humped back.

whether or not they stuck out their tongues a tasty substance elicits a protrusion of the proboscis

They have narrow elongated snouts lean bodies covered in thick fur yellow or amber eyes and long bushy tails.

Later in the Triassic ichthyosaurs evolved into purely marine forms with dolphin-shaped bodies and long-toothed snouts.

First stomach acid breaks off a protein that comes attached to Vitamin b12. Then the intrinsic factor is attached to the Vitamin b12 molecule.

The ruminants Americans eat mainly cows pose the biggest threat to the climate according to an article in this month's edition of the journal Nature Climate Change.

As you may remember from your high school biology class ruminants have chambered a multi stomach. They swallow their food regurgitate it as cud chew it again

or anthropogenic sources of methane rice production landfills and burning fossil fuels for example domesticated ruminants are the largest source worldwide.

Reducing the emissions from ruminants which are associated mostly with beef production could make a big contribution to preventing the worst impacts of global warming said Doug Boucher director of climate research

Globally ruminants contribute 12 percent of all anthropogenic carbon emissions and 80 percent of those emissions are from cattle.

which is found in the guts of ruminants and is used to make hard cheeses such as cheddar.

and more than 850 in neck snares including mountain lions river otters pronghorn antelope deer badgers beavers turtles turkeys ravens ducks geese great blue herons and even a golden eagle.

and a round head with a long snout. There are eight species of bear: American black bear Asiatic black bear brown bear giant panda bear polar bear spectacled bear sloth bear and sun bear according to the International Association for Bear Research & Management.

Phage are particularly abundant in the guts of ruminants says Alfredo Caprioli, from the European Reference Laboratory for verotoxin-producing E coli in Rome,

for example, cows and other ruminants have complicated digestive systems involving multiple stomachs filled with microbes that process plants many times to extract the maximum nutrition.

and neither produce the enzymes necessary to digest cellulose nor harbour the same microbes as ruminants.

) Just 8. 5-9. 0 millimetres long from snout to vent about a millimetre shorter than other tiny frog species the amphibian was found living in leaf litter

whether vaccines can be developed against another related virus, the sheep and goat disease called peste des petits ruminants,

This atrophy is prompted by metabolites that purge the muscle cells of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum (which provide energy and signals), according to the BMC Ecology research.

whether vaccines developed against a closely related virus peste des petits ruminants (PPR), which causes disease in sheep

Peter Brennan, a physiologist at the University of Bristol, UK, says that the work will be useful in husbandry in goats and other ruminants, such as sheep,

gut bacteria of this sort is associated more often with ruminants like cows. But there are no cows in the upper rainforest!

I thought the second fastest land animal was the pronghorn antelopethe pronghorn is the second fastest land animal

After the Pronghorn antelope the Blue Wildebeest Lion Springbok Grant's Gazelle Tohomson's Gazelle and even the Quarter horse have all been clocked faster than 43 mph...

When cicadas lay eggs they use their proboscis to cut little slits in thin branches

They were using these foxes as an example of how domestication can actually change the physical traits of these animals such as shorter snouts floppy ears and more expressive eyes.

and other ruminants should get as much food as possible from sources humans cannot consume. These include grazing fodders like hay

It's how ruminants are supposed to eat judging from the fact that they naturally have forestomachs that can break down fibrous plant matter into nutritious calories

We need to be able to use ruminants in the way that they evolved. Maximize grazing and then using byproducts as well from other industries says co-author Michael Lee of Bristol University in a podcast that accompanies the article.

Ruminants are estimated to comprise the largest single human-related source of methane. By reflecting the latest estimates of greenhouse gas emissions on the basis of a life-cycle

Unlike nonruminant animals such as pigs and poultry ruminants produce copious amounts of methane in their digestive systems.

Although CO2 is the most abundant greenhouse gas the international community could achieve a more rapid reduction in the causes of global warming by lowering methane emissions through a reduction in the number of ruminants the authors said than by cutting CO2 alone.

In addition to reducing direct methane emissions from ruminants cutting ruminant numbers would deliver a significant reduction in the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production of feed crops for livestock they added.#

#Among agricultural approaches to climate change reducing demand for meat from ruminants offers greater greenhouse gas reduction potential than do other steps such as increasing livestock feeding efficiency or crop yields per acre.

International climate negotiations such as the UNFCCC have not given#oeadequate attention#to greenhouse gas reductions from ruminants they added.

and goats (ruminants) and it further found that this is the case regardless of the product involved

Sporting fox-like snouts and slender frames they are unusual among lemurs spending a considerable amount of time on the ground feeding on leaves

which unlike the imported vaccines has been demonstrated to provide protection against bacterium infection in the small ruminants like goats and sheep.

Only scant research data are available on the effects on the lipid metabolism of ruminants of the forage conventionally used to feed dairy cows.

i e. become saturated in the rumen. In addition as a result of feed fermentation fat precursors are formed in the rumen

which develop into saturated fatty acids in the mammary glands. Feeding can be used to affect the lipid metabolism of the rumen

and the mammary glands and thereby the fat composition of milk Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau explains. The effect of the forage conservation method was examined in two tests using fresh grass hay

The changes in ruminal lipid metabolism are based on the differences between plant species in terms of digestion kinetics and microbial flora in the rumen.

Replacing grass silage with red clover accomplished a distinct decrease in the saturation of fatty acids in the rumen

stalky and hairy with big heads long snouts and beady eyes. So scientists had no reason to suspect Israeli wild boars were any different than their brothers

The platypus lays eggs rather than gives birth to live young its snout is covered with electroreceptors that detect underwater prey

When ruminants such as cows goats and sheep are consuming the plants from a silvopastoral system researchers have seen an increase in growth and milk production.

and the biology of other ruminant species. The Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) is a native of the high mountain steppes and semidesert areas of the Tibetan plateau.

This research which is being conducted by Agricultural research service (ARS) scientists at the agency's Agroecosystems Management Research Unit in Lincoln Neb. supports the USDA priority of ensuring food safety.

Microorganisms in the rumen--the largest chamber in the cow's stomach--modify most of the ingested fats and turn them into saturated fats.

Wienhold with the ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit in Lincoln Neb. led studies that compared runoff rates

The more roughage is in the diet of the ruminant animal the more methane is produced by the microbes in the gut of the ruminant

and grassland-dwelling herbivore with the trunk-like snout--living in a network of remote national parks spanning the Peru-Bolivia border.

Its unusual prehensile proboscis or snout is used to reach leaves and fruit. Tapirs are found throughout tropical forests and grasslands in South america.

#Search for better biofuels microbes leads to human gutscientists have scoured cow rumens and termite guts for microbes that can efficiently break down plant cell walls for the production of next-generation biofuels

The human microbes appear to be endowed with enzymes that break down a complex plant fiber component more efficiently than the most efficient microbes found in the cow rumen the researchers report.

In looking for biofuels microbes in the cow rumen we found that Prevotella bryantii a bacterium that is known to efficiently break down (the plant fiber) hemicellulose gears up production of one gene more than others

In addition to finding microbes in the cow rumen and termite gut it looks like we can actually make some contributions ourselves he said.

And our bugs seem to have some enzymes that are even better than those in the cow rumen.

Paratuberculosis mainly affects ruminants and causes treatment-resistant diarrhea and wasting among affected animals. The disease can cause considerable economic losses for commercial farms.

First author Lorenz Khol of the Clinic for Ruminants at the Vetmeduni Vienna in cooperation with the College of Veterinary medicine at the University of Florida developed a possible alternative method for early diagnosis of the infection.

but also infects cattle and goats as well as deer and other wild ruminants. In the U s. the virus'greatest economic impact is in the cattle industry

and welfare of beef cattle and other ruminant animals suffering from lameness and following castration dehorning and other painful but necessary management procedures.

which resemble small rhinos with no horns and a short mobile trunk or proboscis. Heptodon was about half the size of today's tapirs

The EPA attributes one-fifth of methane emissions to livestock such as cattle sheep and other ruminants.

However not all ruminants are equal when it comes to greenhouse gas emissions. It turns out that the amount of methane produced varies substantially across individual animals of the same ruminant species. To find out why this is

so a team of researchers led by the US Department of energy Joint Genome Institute (DOE JGI) deployed high throughput DNA sequencing

and specialized analysis techniques to explore the contents of the rumens of sheep in collaboration with NZ's Agresearch Limited to see what role ruminant microbiomes (the microbes living in the rumen) play in this process.

To learn why the amount of methane that ruminants produce varies the researchers took advantage of a large sheep screening

and breeding program in NZ that aims to breed low methane-emitting ruminants without impacting other traits such as reproduction and wool and meat quality.

Rumen metagenome DNA samples collected on two occasions from the 10 sheep were sequenced at the DOE JGI generating 50 billion bases of data each.

and methanogen abundance across sheep were rather subtle the team reported that the expression levels of genes involved in methane production varied more substantially across sheep suggesting differential gene regulation perhaps controlled by hydrogen concentration in the rumen

It also reveals genes that underpin the evolution of the rumen--a specialised chamber of the stomach that breaks down plant material to make it ready for digestion.

By moving their proboscises in a certain manner the bees appear to concentrate the sugar solution that they are drinking.

#Involvement of gene in lentivirus infections of sheep, goats has been establishedin her Phd thesis Helena Crespo-Otano has studied the mechanism of the action of the small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) a type of virus

lentivirus de pequeã os rumiantes Role of the mannose receptor and the polarization of macrophages due to lentivirus infection in small ruminants.

As Helena Crespo explained what is observed in the flocks infected by the small ruminant lentivirus is a fall in productivity an increase in mortality caused by secondary infections

The flow of nutrients was defined by taking samples from the cow's rumen and omasum.

By means of nutrient flow it is possible to study the processes inside the cow's rumen in the first place

The physiology of the rumen did not limit the intake of forage so the limitation must derive from pasture management factors.

or sheepwhen digesting ruminants exhale methane. Their contribution to this global greenhouse gas is considerable.

However researchers at the University of Zurich and ETH Zurich have shown now camels release less methane than ruminants.

Currently around 20 percent of global methane emissions stem from ruminants. In the atmosphere methane contributes to the greenhouse effect--that's why researchers are looking for ways of reducing methane production by ruminants.

Comparatively little is known about the methane production of other animal species --but one thing seems to be clear:

Ruminants produce more of the gas per amount of converted feed than other herbivores. The only other animal group that regularly ruminates like ruminants are camels.

This includes alpacas llamas dromedaries and Bactrian camels. They too have chambered multi forestomachs. They too regurgitate food from the forestomach

That's why people assumed up to now that camels produce a similar amount of methane to ruminants.

To calculate the proportion of methane produced different estimated values should be used for camels than those used for ruminants explains Marcus Clauss from the Vetsuisse Faculty of the University of Zurich.

and release less methane than our domestic ruminants says the vet Marcus Clauss. The lower metabolism of camels could explain why they thrive particularly in areas with a shortage of food--desert and barren mountain regions.

cattle pronghorn and elk on North america's Great plains; wildebeests and impala on Africa's Serengeti;

Some of this could indeed be avoided by capitalising on ruminants'ability to digest food that humans cannot eat such as hay silage and high-fibre crop residues.

Supplements can boost the productivity of ruminant animals by encouraging microbes in the rumen to grow quickly

%The introduction of this oilseed preparation into the diet of ruminants also improves efficiency in the use of digestible organic matter by between 4. 4%and 10.1

#Excrement collected worldwide shows co-evolution of herbivores, their gut microbesan extensive study by Radboud University Nijmegen on excrement and rumen fluids in plant-eating mammals from all over

In foregut fermenters better known as ruminants that process takes place in the first part of the gut (rumen.

Excrement from all over the world For this investigation excrement and rumen fluids were collected worldwide. The sources included Nijmegen goats French deer sheep from Poland and Utrecht an Indian elephant from Burger's Zoo in Arnhem and zebras and an African elephant from Tanzania.

Ruminants on the other hand can be infected with ciliates throughout their lives. However this still does not explain how the huge ciliate diversity arose

Their skulls mirror the variety of their diets--bats with long and narrow snouts eat nectar;

snouts of species that eat other foods are intermediate in shape. The team's approach to identifying natural selection for mechanical function combined both evolutionary and engineering analyses.

The researchers first built the three-dimensional finite element model to simulate bat skulls with myriad combinations of snout length and width.

Finally they studied the engineering results across hundreds of evolutionary trees of the bats to uncover the three optimal snout shapes favored by natural selection.

Nectar feeders have very low mechanical advantage--a trade-off for having long narrow snouts that fit into the flowers in

Distribution of hypothetical species based on snout length and width. A single model was morphed to represent species within the entire space

Species with long narrow snouts eat nectar while short-faced bats have exceptionally short wide palates for eating hard fruits.

Species that eat other foods have shaped snouts somewhere in between. Dumont explains further We knew diet was associated with those things

and used it to create skulls with all possible combinations of snout length and width.

Analyzing the engineering results over hundreds of evolutionary trees of New world leaf-nosed bats revealed three optimal snout shapes favored by natural selection they report.

One was the long narrow snout of nectar feeders the second was the extremely short and wide snout of short-faced bats

Similar to the rumen of a cow--a digestive knack that has not been mastered by any other bird.

diet genetics and the microbiology of the cow's rumen. We think that animal genetics may well influence their gut microbiology.

Cows have a rumen as well a stomach he adds. As a result their digestive system is far more complex and hard to understand than ours he notes.

De Haas describes the project approach of gathering rumen samples and looking at the interaction with methane production is a novel one.

Over time it could improve practice with beef as well as milk herds and with other ruminants such as sheep deer and goats.

and food resources for a wealth of species including sage-grouse pronghorn and mule deer. Poor livestock grazing management invasive species such as cheatgrass transmission lines energy development and subdivisions are all contributing to the loss of this vital resource.

it has serrated a proboscis. Pennsylvania isn t really misspelled on the Liberty bell(#300) because Pensylvania was accepted an spelling in the 18th century.

and stops it from moving beyond the rumen-the chamber in a cow or sheep's stomach where much of the gas production occurs.