because it contains a bacterium closely related to some of the bacteria found on human skin.
This bacterium produces an aromatic compound also found in human foot odor and that is what attracted the mosquitoes.
The source of the aromatic compounds that produce body odor are bacterial colonies that exist on human skin particularly in dark moist areas such as the arm pits and between the toes.
#Hog workers carry drug-resistant bacteria even after they leave the farma new study suggests that nearly half of workers who care for animals in large industrial hog farming operations may be carrying home livestock-associated bacteria in their noses
and that this potentially harmful bacteria remains with them up to four days after exposure. Researchers had believed that livestock-associated bacteria would clear from the noses of hog workers quickly--within 24 hours.
But this small study of hog workers in North carolina reported online Sept. 8 in the journal Occupational and Environmental Medicine suggests it can stick around longer.
Much of the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria they carried were antibiotic resistant likely due to the use of drugs both to treat sick hogs
The longer the bacteria stick around in workers'noses the researchers say the greater the opportunity for them to potentially spread to hog workers'families their communities
and even into hospitals where the bacteria have been associated with an increased risk of staph infections.
not only how persistence of this drug-resistant bacteria may impact the health of the workers themselves
In Europe the children of livestock workers have been treated for infections caused by a new livestock-associated strain of MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) that doesn't match the more widely found community-or hospital-associated strains.
Researchers later analyzed 327 separate nose swabs to see what kind of Staph bacteria they found
or humans and whether the bacteria were drug resistant. Eighty-six percent of the hog workers--19 of them--carried at least one type of Staphylococcus aureus at some point during the study period
while 16 of them (73 percent) carried the livestock-associated strain at some point. In contrast only about one-third of the general population carry a strain of Staphylococcus aureus associated with humans.
But 10 of the 22 workers (46 percent) were what the researchers call persistent carriers of livestock-associated Staph meaning they had these strains in their noses all
or all but one of the times they provided samples even after leaving work at the animal confinements.
Researchers found that even after up to four days away from the hog operation the bacteria were still present in workers'noses.
Garden-variety staph are common bacteria that can live in our bodies without consequence. When they do cause infection most aren't life threatening
But staph can also cause more serious skin infections or infect surgical wounds the bloodstream the lungs or the urinary tract.
Strains of staph like MRSA which are resistant to some antibiotics can be the most damaging
MRSA is particularly dangerous in hospitals where the bacteria are hard to get rid of and the people there are the most vulnerable.
whether hog workers with persistent drug-resistant bacteria are spreading it to their family members and communities.
To do that we need to learn more not just about how long workers carry bacteria in their noses
Persistence of livestock-associated antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among industrial hog operation workers in North carolina over 14 days was written by Maya Nadimpalli Jessica L. Rinsky Steve Wing Devon
#Bacteria from bees possible alternative to antibioticsraw honey has been used against infections for millennia before honey--as we now know it--was manufactured
Researchers at Lund University in Sweden have identified a unique group of 13 lactic acid bacteria found in fresh honey from the honey stomach of bees.
The bacteria produce a myriad of active antimicrobial compounds. These lactic acid bacteria have now been tested on severe human wound pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) among others.
When the lactic acid bacteria were applied to the pathogens in the laboratory it counteracted all of them.
While the effect on human bacteria has only been tested in a lab environment thus far the lactic acid bacteria has been applied directly to horses with persistent wounds.
The LAB was mixed with honey and applied to ten horses; where the owners had tried several other methods to no avail.
Antibiotics are mostly one active substance effective against only a narrow spectrum of bacteria. When used alive these 13 lactic acid bacteria produce the right kind of antimicrobial compounds as needed depending on the threat.
It seems to have worked well for millions of years of protecting bees'health and honey against other harmful microorganisms.
However since store-bought honey doesn't contain the living lactic acid bacteria many of its unique properties have been lost in recent times explains Tobias Olofsson.
Streptomycin in addition to being used a drug to fight disease is used also as a pesticide in fruit to combat the growth of bacteria fungi and algae.
The laboratory recreation of a fungus-derived antibiotic viridicatumtoxin B may someday help bolster the fight against bacteria that evolve resistance to treatments in hospitals and clinics around the world.
They proved potent in initial tests on Gram-positive bacteria so named for a staining technique to mark bacteria that are more susceptible to antibiotics than their Gram-negative counterparts.
The first tetracyclines discovered in the late 1940s ushered in a new class of powerful antibacterial agents to treat high-mortality diseases among them anthrax and plague as well as such bacterial infections as chlamydia syphilis and Lyme disease.
but bacteria are building resistance to a lot of them Nicolaou said. This new tetracycline is not plentiful in nature
The lab turned synthetic samples over to biologist Shamoo and his group for testing against a number of bacterial strains and comparison with natural viridicatumtoxin B. This was very exciting for us said Nicolaou who moved his lab from the Scripps Research Institute
In order to investigate the biological properties of our synthesized compounds we turned to the Shamoo laboratory for its expertise in the area of antibiotics and drug-resistant bacteria.
and analogs lacking a hydroxyl group were even more effective against the same Gram-positive bacteria. The results also suggested the possibility of making variants by modifying certain domains of the molecule to improve its overall pharmacological properties.
and poultry because these products are the source of two main bacteria: salmonella and campylobacterâ#Koppel said.
These bacteria lead to many cases of foodborne illness and we need a better understanding of food handling practices to find the risky behaviors that may lead to contamination.
Food safety regulations vary by country. The research found that most consumers purchase their eggs from the supermarket with the exception of Argentina where consumers get their eggs from the regular open-air market.
If you use the sponge that you use to wash dishes research has shown that those sponges actually contain a lot of other bacteria
Crop pests include fungi bacteria viruses insects nematodes viroids and oomycetes. The research published in the journal Global Ecology
Ancient conversation between plants, fungi and bacteriathe mechanical force that a single fungal cell or bacterial colony exerts on a plant cell may seem vanishingly small
and also bacteria in symbiotic associations use a mechanical stimulation to indicate their presence says Anã.
Beyond fungi some plants engage in symbiosis with bacteria called rhizobia that fix nitrogen from the atmosphere making it available to the plant.
When Anã and his colleagues looked closer they found that rhizobium symbiosis also employs mechanical stimulation.
When the bacterium first contacts a root hair the hair curls around the bacterium trapping it.
But why would nature develop such a complicated mechanism to entrap a bacterial colony? Anã asks.
We propose the purpose is to apply mechanical stimulation so the plant will start building a home for the rhizobium--for mutual benefit.
when the plant gets a chemical signal from the bacterium --but the growing tube inside the root hair that accepts the bacteria requires something else
and nobody knew what. We propose it's a mechanical stimulation created by entrapping which gives the bacterial colony a way to push against the root.
In many respects this symbiosis parallels the older one between plants and beneficial fungi Anã says.
and then used it again for bacteria. This dual requirement for chemical and mechanical signals is present in both associations
Firstly they were able to show that AMPS fight bacteria effectively in test tubes. Then they showed that two of the investigated AMPS suppressed bacterial growth in liquid preserved semen preparations if combined with a small amount of the antibiotic gentamicin.
The sperm quality was impeded not by this addition. Bacteria are extremely adaptable which can lead to an increasing resistance against antibiotics.
This causes big problems for breeders when using artificial insemination the method most commonly used in assisted reproductive technology in pig production worldwide.
Freshly retrieved boar ejaculates always contain bacteria. These germs are detrimental to the quality as well as the longevity of liquid preserved sperm with dire negative consequences for fertility.
and facilitates an inhibition of bacterial growth. However many types of bacteria quickly develop resistances to the usually applied antibiotics.
Hence it is important to look for new antimicrobial alternatives. Scientists from the German Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) investigated the effect of antimicrobial peptides in cooperation with the Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) and the Institute for Reproduction of Farm animals
These molecules are naturally occurring amino acid compounds are toxic for bacteria and can be found in nearly all organisms as a first defence against germs.
if other organisms such a bacteria and fungi also exchange information in a similar fashion.
Most transgenic fruit crop plants have been developed using a plant bacterium to introduce foreign genes and only papaya has been commercialized in part because of stringent regulation in the European union (EU). The researchers say that genetically edited plants modified through the insertion deletion
which we normally use for treatment of Staphylococcus infections. In her Phd project at the National Food Institute Phd student Mette Theilgaard exploited the latest technologies within whole genome sequencing
High-throughput approaches can identify those genes in the total gene pool of the bacteria
of which is advantageous for the bacteria under some given circumstances. Transfer of disease from animals to humansthe fact that MRSA can spread from animals to humans where they may result in infections has caused great concern in recent years.
Thus it is not sufficient to eradicate the bacteria from humans. LA-MRSA ST398 has proven to be particularly successful in colonisation of pigs.
By studying which genes are essential for the bacteria in pigs it may be possible for researchers to identify the factors important for the bacterium to colonise on pigs.
MRSA backgroundmrsa stands for methichillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. When bacteria are exposed to antibiotics they protect themselves by developing resistance.
They do this by changing their genes either by mutating or by transferring resistance genes among themselves.
Staphylococci are bacteria which can be found in humans animals and our surroundings. Staphylococcus aureus is part of the normal nasal and skin flora of approximately 50%of the population.
Staphylococcus aureus may cause various infections ranging from superficial wounds and abscesses to severe infections such as bone inflammation and infection of the heart valve.
In hospitals Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent cause of infections following surgery. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Technical University of Denmark (DTU.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
#Crowdsourcing may help dieters lose weightcrowdsourcing may help dieters stick to healthy foods and lose weight as participants are trained as good as experts at correctly rating the healthiness of foods
Vierstra previously determined the structure of a similar phytochrome from light-sensing bacteria which guided his work in plants.
bacteria in the gut--and not just liver enzymes--are crucial in allowing herbivores to feed on toxic plants says biologist Kevin Kohl a postdoctoral researcher
How do woodrats get their tiny but valuable bacterial helpers today? Mammals acquire microbes during birth through contact with their mother's vaginal and fecal microbes Kohl says.
while juniper-eating woodrats from the Great Basin had a different set of gut bacteria.
With cinnamonseeking ways to prevent some of the most serious foodborne illnesses caused by pathogenic bacteria two Washington state University scientists have found promise in an ancient but common cooking spice:
In the study the essential oil killed several strains of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (E coli) known to the U s. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as non-O157 STEC.
The cinnamon cassia oil is effective in low concentrations she said--about 10 drops diluted in a liter of water killed the bacteria within 24 hours.
In addition to Cinnamomum cassia oil Sheng plans to take a look at another natural source to kill bacteria. She and her coworkers will study the potential of dandelions to inhibit bacteria related to bovine mastitis an infection in the mammary glands of dairy cows.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Washington state University. The original article was written by Rachel Webber.
Unfortunately bees all over the world are under pressure from pesticides mites viruses bacteria fungi and environmental changes among other things.
Lactic acid-producing bacteria ate away at her bones after death possibly liberating the phosphate ions used to make vivianite Fisher said.
#Beloved crape myrtle in nurseries now susceptible to bacterial leaf spotit's enough to send gardeners into conniptions.
Through genetic testing scientists identified the disorder as being caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis. The disease is most likely spread by wind-driven rain
They believe it is the first report of the bacterium causing leaf spot in crape myrtle.
Bacterial leaf spot doesn't kill the ornamental tree but creates spots on its leaves that eventually turn yellow and drop.
The bad news is that the bacterium is widespread. I think you can safely say that nearly every crape myrtle producer would have the disease at this point Knox said.
Most bacterial diseases can be spread in wind-driven rain and in Florida we know there's no shortage of that said Mathews Paret an assistant professor of plant pathology who led the study.
The varieties Natchez Osage Fantasy Basham's Party Pink and Miami have proven highly resistant to bacterial leaf spot
When people think about food-borne pathogens normally they list bacteria viruses and maybe parasites. Fungal pathogens are considered not as food-borne pathogens.
These investigations represent a diversity of subject matter from bacteria to tadpole shrimp and locations from Massachusetts to Arizona.
Other student groups focused on fungus and bacteria. A team from Brookhaven Academy in Mississippi will determine
whether the bacteria Ralstonia eutropha maintains its ability to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) in microgravity. A biodegradable polyester created by bacterial fermentation PHA can be used to make things such as skin grafts and valve replacements
which would come in handy up in space. Eighth graders at Pennsauken Phifer Middle school in New jersey will examine the growth rate in microgravity of penicillium which future astronauts could grow as an antibiotic to treat infections.
Montachusett Regional Vocational Technical school in Massachusetts has a team monitoring the effect of microgravity on the growth of Bacillus subtilis also useful as an antibiotic.
These protect maize against a range of insects bacteria and fungi pests yet some species have developed resistance against these toxins
and attacks it as it would normally do with a bacterium or a virus. This causes symptoms like swelling rashes pain and even life-threatening anaphylactic shocks.
when our immune system produces antibodies to destroy enemy molecules like those from bacteria and viruses.
and they may also experience bacterial infections such as'joint ill'or'navel ill'.'However the long-term consequences of these early life challenges are understood not well.
#Foodborne bacteria can cause disease in some breeds of chickens after allcontrary to popular belief the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is not a harmless commensal in chickens
The main implication is that Campylobacter is not always harmless to chickens. This rather changes our view of the biology of this nasty little bug says Paul Wigley of Institute for Infection and Global Health at the University of Liverpool an author on the study.
Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequent cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in the world and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate it affects approximately 1 3 million people per year in the United states. Chicken is the most common source of infections.
and the bacteria were thought to be part of the normal microbiota of the birds. In the study Wigley and his colleagues experimentally infected birds from four commercial breeds of broiler chickens.
while levels of the bacteria in the intestines did not differ by breed immune response and inflammation did to the extent that one breed showed damage to the gut mucosa and developed diarrhea.
Interestingly the breeds did not differ in the levels of bacteria we found in their intestines after infection even
This suggests that chicken breed has little direct effect on the risk of Campylobacter entering the food chain
The most important finding says Wigley is that Campylobacter infection directly impacts broiler chicken health and welfare.
As Campylobacter is common or even endemic in these industries then the scale of the impact on animal health is clear to see.
Water from canals may have carried also harmful protozoa bacteria and viruses. But groups to the northeast would have been able to expand maize production into new areas as their populations grew he said.
at the 2014 Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) Annual Meeting & Food Expoâ in New orleans. The 28-state listeria outbreak in a Colorado melon crop
While produce farmers have optimized procedures to prevent the spread of salmonella E coli and other common pathogens and illnesses the listeria outbreak really opened the eyes of a lot of people in produce that sanitation is a very important step
and has to be taken very seriously said Schneider. Contamination can occur during the planting growing harvesting washing storage and/or transportation of produce.
and batsa researcher at Georgia State university is studying a new biological treatment for bacterial and fungal pathogens that are killing honeybees and bats in record numbers.
Dr. Christopher Cornelison a postdoctoral researcher is testing how effective Rhodococcus rhodochrous a species of bacteria is in fighting pathogens affecting honeybees and bats.
Cornelison grows the bacteria under certain conditions that enable them to inhibit the growth of fungi responsible for these diseases.
because the bacteria do need not to make physical contact unlike many probiotics. It's also nontoxic allowing the honey to be edible for human consumption.
Our bacteria produce a volatile chemical that's dispersed through the air and tremendously inhibits the growth of fungal and bacterial pathogens Cornelison said.
Honeybees and bats are key to the ecosystem. One of every three bites of food in America is related to honeybee pollination according to the United states Department of agriculture.
In honeybees no negative effects were found in toxicity trials exposing bees to the bacteria in the air or in their honey.
In bats Cornelison found the bacteria slow fungal growth and permanently eliminated spore germination. In collaboration with University of California-Davis he found the bacteria prevented the spread of fungi on bat skin without touching the skin.
Cornelison's research is funded by the U s. Forest Service and Bat Conservation International. Story Source:
#Better methods to detect E coli developedkansas State university diagnosticians are helping the cattle industry save millions of dollars each year by developing earlier and accurate detection of E coli.
and Jianfa Bai assistant professor in the Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory are leading a project to improve techniques for detecting pathogenic Shiga toxin-producing E coli O157:
and quantify major genes specific for E coli O157. Developing a method to detect E coli before it can potentially contaminate the food supply benefits the beef industry by preventing costly recalls
but also benefits the consumer by ensuring the safety of the beef supply Noll said. The newly developed test is a molecular assay
or polymerase chain reaction that detects bacteria based on genetic sequences which are the bacteria's fingerprints Nagaraja said.
The test is rapid and less labor-intensive than existing detection methods. The method can be automated
or research laboratory to accurately detect E coli and can help with quality control in cattle facilities.
and more sensitive ways to detect these pathogens of E coli in cattle feces. To develop the diagnostic test Noll
Debris is broken down by bacteria which is consumed in turn by zooplankton: tiny translucent creatures that also feed on algae.
but the new research builds on previous work that showed they also feed on bacteria from forest matter drained into lakes.
Where you have dissolved more forest matter you have more bacteria more bacteria equals more zooplankton;
#Fermentation of cocoa beans requires precise collaboration among two bacteria, and yeastgood chocolate is among the world's most beloved foods
Our studies have unraveled the metabolism of the rather unexplored acetic acid bacteria in the complex fermentation environment says corresponding author Christoph Wittmann of Saarland University Saarbruecken Germanyin the study Wittmann
They mapped metabolic pathway fluxes of the acetic acid bacteria feeding them specific isotopes that could easily be tracked.
These are produced by lactic acid bacteria and yeast respectively during the initial fermentation of cocoa pulp sugars says Wittmann.
The acetic acid bacteria then process these simultaneously via separate metabolic pathways ultimately producing acetate from them.
just as similar tools for bacteria are used now widely in microbial metabolic engineering he said. While scientists have been documenting
Legumes such as the common bean and soybean however can form symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria Understanding how such symbiotic relationships are formed
and were successful in stopping the bacteriaâ##s spread particularly with benzbromarone which halted the bacteria in 80 percent of the infected treesâ##shoots.
The researchers found that benzbromarone targets a specific protein known as Ldtr in the citrus greening bacterium.
and the bacteria were not able to survive inside the phloem of the plant where osmotic pressure from sugar is said highâ Fernando Pagliai a co-author of the study
and leaves behind bacteria. The bacteria then move through the tree via the phloem. The disease starves the tree of nutrients damages its roots
and the tree produces fruits that are green and misshapen unsuitable for sale as fresh fruit or for juice.
When the glands produce too much oil the pores can become blocked and dirt bacteria and dead skin cells can build up in them forming the whiteheads blackheads pimples
and soil sciences in UD's College of Agriculture and Natural resources has identified a naturally occurring microbe living right in the soil around rice plants--Pseudomonas chlororaphis EA105--that inhibits the devastating fungus known as rice blast.
As global population continues to grow biocontrol bacteria may be an important key for farmers to overcome crop losses due to plant disease and to produce more food from the same acre of land.
and colleagues Spence Donofrio and Vidhyavathi Raman showed that Pseudomonas chlororaphis EA105 strongly inhibited the formation of the appressorium and that priming rice plants with EA105 prior to infection by rice blast decreased lesion
if a single bacterium or a group of different bacteria are at work. In their study reported in BMC Plant Biology the researchers used gene sequencing techniques to identify 11 naturally occurring bacteria isolated from rice plants grown in the field in California.
These bacteria were tested then in the laboratory with Pseudomonas chlororaphis EA105 demonstrating the strongest impact on rice blast.
The soil microbe reduced the formation of the anchor-like appressoria by nearly 90 percent while also inhibiting fungal growth by 76 percent.
Bais points out that although hydrogen cyanide is produced commonly by pseudomonad bacteria the antifungal impact of Pseudomonas chlororaphis EA105 appears to be independent of cyanide production.
Bais who also has conducted multiple studies with beneficial microbes in the Bacillus family envisions a day
This summer he and his colleagues will conduct field trials using Pseudomonas chlororaphis EA105 on rice plants grown on the UD farm.
The widespread use of antibiotics in livestock for preventive or curative purposes or as growth promoters directly contributes to the increasing prevalence of resistant strains of bacteria to antibiotics both at local and global levels.
One of these is the bacterium Canditatus Liberibacter asiaticus which infects citrus trees hijacks its odor production
they will not find enough food there as the bacterium has lowered drastically the nutritional quality of infected leaves.
This is a trick that forces the lice to quickly seek out another tree again this time with the bacterium hitching a ride on their body.
In this way the bacterium can infect new citrus trees where it causes the incurable and deadly disease huã¡
The wasps were attracted strongly to the smell of both bacteria-infected and louse-infested citrus plants and also to pure methyl salicylate.
and attack young plant lice on plants infected with the bacterium or on plants that had been treated with methyl salicylate.
This proves that the wasp finds its prey by eavesdropping on the odor signal exchanged between bacteria citrus trees and plant lice.
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