Led by scientists at the American Museum of Natural history the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology
but the high diversity of parasites as well as the high proportion of individuals that are infected with the parasites suggest that this may be yet another example of the unusually high tolerance of these flying mammals for pathogens said co-author Juliane Schaer a researcher at the Max Planck Institute
and allow us to reconstruct the population dynamics of these species during the end of the last Ice age in the southeastern U s. This may explain why three of these species were able to migrate
TWAS The World Academy of Sciences for the advancement of science in developing countries headquartered in Trieste Italy was founded by Pakistani physicist Abdus Salam.
To understand current forest dynamics said Bond-Lamberty we have to understand their past. Older forests contain surprises for climate science and ecosystem biology.
and is oriented by the magnetic fields in deep space has proved a six-decade-long theoretical challenge.
and organize themselves in the presence of magnetic fields to precisely align in key astrophysical environments.
and underpin novel observational tactics to probe magnetic fields in space. The new observations conducted by a team led by B-G Andersson of the Universities Space Research Association (USRA)
The observations were conducted using a variety of techniques--optical and near infrared polarimetry high-accuracy optical spectroscopy and photometry and sensitive imaging in the near infrared--at observatories in Spain Hawaii Arizona and New mexico.
if we want to make use of polarimetry as a means of investigating interstellar magnetic fields says Lazarian who was encouraged to attack the problem by the renowned astrophysicist Lyman Spitzer.
While interstellar polarization has been known since 1949 the physical mechanisms behind grain alignment have been understood poorly until recently explains Andersson.
which describes how irregular grains can be aligned by their interaction with magnetic fields and stellar radiation.
Their alignment is modified by magnetic fields which orients them with respect to the field telling an observer its direction.
but promises a new ability for astronomers to use polarized visible and near infrared light to reliably probe the strength
and structure of magnetic fields in interstellar space a notoriously difficult phenomenon to measure quantitatively. Interstellar magnetic fields are ubiquitous in spiral galaxies like our Milky way
and are believed to be essential regulators of star formation and the evolution of proto-planetary disks.
and the space-based Planck Telescope--are poised to build on the new results. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Laser processing involves scanning a high-intensity laser beam multiple times across the surface of a metal.
Each scan by the laser beam'writes'a track in the surface which partially melts the metal.
Theoretical calculations by Guan and her co-workers described these kinetics accurately. According to the team's model a greater level of overlap provided a greater amount of heat
The comparison involved a 2011 Smith Newton electric truck powered by a 120 kw electric motor
These dynamics occur in steep areas in particular given modern efficient land use practices cannot easily be implemented here strengthening the development leading towards future forests becoming concentrated on slopes.
Most surprising to the scientists is why a dramatic shift in the magnetic field that they had modeled
Eric Zirnstein University of Alabama physics graduate student and NASA Earth and Space science Fellow in Heliophysics and May UAH doctoral graduate Brian Fayock who now does data analysis for NASA are comparing data
Scientists expected the magnetic field to change when Voyager crossed that boundary but it didn't Dr. Fayock said.
Both Voyager 1 and 2 have ultraviolet spectrometers that have been measuring the Lyman-alpha photons that come directly from the neutral hydrogen atoms.
Voyager is still returning ultraviolet backscatter data and there's only one other group in the world--in France-who are using it.
which the Voyager team released recently said Zirnstein whose advisor is Dr. Jacob Heerikhuisen assistant professor of physics and assistant director of CSPAR.
If it did said Zirnstein then we did expect that the magnetic field would change direction because according to our simulations in order for us to simulate the IBEX ribbon we have had to assume a quite specific direction and strength of the magnetic field.
So that's one thing that we're actually going to try to figure out why for some reason our ribbon simulation predicts a certain magnetic field direction.
We expected the magnetic field would change in direction significantly but all of the other measurements that Voyager made indicated that it did cross the heliopause except the magnetic field didn't change very much Zirnstein said.
Is it going to change later? But the fact that the density did change so dramatically that definitely is an indication that it did cross the heliopause.
Zirnstein's work sheds a great deal of light on the IBEX measurements said Dr. Zank. Tying together the IBEX global view with the extremely microscopic view of Voyager is very important.
What is the magnetic field doing? Why did it not change direction as we expected? Eric has sophisticated the most model to address energetic neutral atoms
and the ability to use them to probe the physics of the very local interstellar medium and its magnetic field.
Both scientists are keen for Voyager 2 to perhaps shed more light on the magnetic field conundrum
The researchers report their finding in the journal Applied Physics Letters which is produced by AIP Publishing.
The above story is provided based on materials by American Institute of Physics (AIP. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
The reason the pit membrane seals the cell is explained by simple physics Goodell said. When the tree is injured sap starts to flow out
and physics at Arizona State university and author of a study in Biomacromolecules that examined caddisfly silk.
What we learn from them can teach us more about human muscle mechanics to potentially improve physical therapy treatments
The results shed light on more than the mechanics of moth flight--it may redefine our understanding of how our own muscles function.
The team tested three types of handheld propane torches (one open flame and two styles of infrared torches) and varying exposure times on several species of perennial weeds.
and thermodynamic properties of each element into the model the model predicts the grain size of the alloy at any given temperature.
when the elephants crossed infrared beams across paths leading to crop fields and captured the events on video.
or proanthocyanidins are thought to play diverse roles such as defense against herbivores and pathogens or ultraviolet protection.
Caruso and Saadawi studied unsmoked shisha as well as shisha smoke with a sensitive instrument called an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.
However this finding may teach us about the dynamics at the edges of these clouds
Sulforaphane may be an excellent candidate for use in the prevention of skin cancer caused by exposure to ultraviolet rays.
and perturbs the physics and behavior of clouds in minutes to days; the other effect takes years
In Landsat images he looks at two of the 11 spectral bands--the near-infrared band and a short-wave infrared band.
The near infrared reflects well from healthy vegetation and the short-wave infrared bands reflect well from exposed ground Albury said.
By comparing the normalized ratio of the near -and shortwave-infrared bands in the pre-fire image to the post-fire image we can estimate the burn severity.
The near-infrared wavelength bounces off of healthy plant cells and so sends back a strong signal to the Landsat detector that isn't present over burned areas explained Jeff Masek Landsat program scientist with NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt Md.
But the shortwave infrared band--added to Landsat satellites starting with Landsat 4--has a distinct spectral signature for burned areas.
The char will show up very clearly in the shortwave Masek said. Albury takes a ratio of the two spectral bands both before and after a fire.
Comparing those ratios he creates a rough map of fire severity called the Burned Area Reflectance Classification or BARC.
It's one of the reasons why the Landsat team focused on calibrating Landsat 8 so the reflectance data it gathers is measuring landcover
By measuring the vibrations between atoms using femtosecond-long laser pulses the Rice lab of chemist Junrong Zheng is able to discern the positions of atoms within molecules without the restrictions imposed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging.
Traditional spectrometers read the wavelengths of light scattered by samples to identify materials and study their properties.
But the one-of-a-kind spectrometer developed by Zheng uses very short laser pulses to read the vibrational energies inherent to every atom.
and a measurement of the length and angles of those bonds can be extracted from the vibrations themselves he said The infrared
The spectrometer reads only intramolecular interactions among vibrations and ignores interactions between molecules he said.
and already know through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy how many vibrational frequencies are contained in a given molecule.
For example scientists have struggled to explain how different concentrations of melittin could yield such dramatically different effects said Huang Rice's Sam and Helen Worden Professor of Physics and Astronomy.
The above story is provided based on materials by Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Unlike humans birds can see ultraviolet (UV) light. While the crown of a blue tit looks just blue to us to another bird it has added the dimension of appearing UV-reflectant.
The researchers looked at the relative UV reflectance of the crown feathers of female blue tits
He published his work in the journal Physics of Fluids. Volcanic eruptions are an example of
He began with fluid dynamics equations and then used numerical calculations to arrive at approximate solutions for specifics combinations of source flow and spread rates and crosswind speed.
The above story is provided based on materials by American Institute of Physics (AIP. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
and its Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) will continue the measurements from MODIS. The satellite provides two additional daily observations.
The MODIS sensors capture growing conditions by measuring the reflectance of near-infrared light from plants.
the Global Precipitation Measurement mission to launch in early 2014 and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite currently in orbit.
and slow sound waves (known as surface acoustic waves or SAWS) traveling across a surface Fang says.
If acoustic waves--such as the intense shock waves from an explosion--hit the two-dimensional material at a right angle much of their energy can be converted to surface waves that travel sideways out of the material.
or CFCS a class of chemicals that destroy ozone in the stratosphere allowing more ultraviolet radiation to reach earth's surface.
The ozone layer protects life on earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation. As the layer thins the upper atmosphere grows colder causing winds in the stratosphere
#Temperature alters population dynamics of common plant peststemperature-driven changes alter outbreak patterns of tea tortrix--an insect pest
While the influence of temperature on individual-level life-history traits is understood well the impact on population-level dynamics such as population cycles
and also developed an independent mathematical population model that can predict population dynamics under both constant and seasonally driven temperature regimes.
Japan used long-term data on the population dynamics of the tea tortrix that span 51 years and more than 200 outbreaks.
and the effects of temperature on individual stages and used this to predict population dynamics.
We speculated that temperature might do something to population dynamics said Bjã¸rnstad. We documented that temperature itself is destabilizing to the dynamics of this pest.
This is the first clear demonstration that temperature has the ability to alter those dynamics causing large cycles in the insect.
The researchers believe that these mechanisms have implications for what might happen faced with global warming.
An infrared camera from Goleta-based FLIR captured time-sequence thermal photography of Chanel as her spadix the tall core spike that houses both female and male flowers heated up to nearly human body temperature.
They publish their study today in Earth System Dynamics a journal of the European Geosciences Union (EGU.
The new Earth System Dynamics study shows that one hectare of Jatropha curcas could capture up to 25 tonnes of atmospheric carbon dioxide per year over a 20 year period.
The newearth System Dynamics paper presents results of simulations looking into these aspects but there is still a lack of experimental data on the effects of greening arid regions.
and Nelson Totah (A&s'12g) now a postdoctoral fellow at Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics.
molecular analyses to describe the genetic structure of the pests a study of the impact of temperatures on their ecology by means of drones with thermal cameras#The aim is to get a better understanding of the insects'population dynamics
Halas Rice's Stanley C. Moore Professor in Electrical and Computer Engineering professor of physics professor of chemistry and professor of biomedical engineering is one of the world's most-cited chemists.
CERN the European Organization for Nuclear Research announced in Switzerland this morning that researchers on two separate LHC experiments have succeeded in measuring one of the rarest measurable processes in physics the decay of B
That match with only a 1-in-100000 chance of being caused by a statistical error virtually eliminates any possibility that B-sub-s meson decay is related to interaction with particles predicted by dark matter theories as some physicists have suspected.
and that isn't news said Rice physicist Paul Padley a co-investigator on the CMS experiment
Physicists look for results inconsistent with those predicted by the Standard model to expand knowledge of the physical world
But there has been the possibility it could decay through new particles predicted by dark matter theories such as supersymmetry.
Padley gave particular credit to Rice physics instructor Laria Redjimi. I worked on building the muon trigger
Like many physicists Padley hopes the next round of experiments will provide something unexpected. There's no such thing as a wrong result he said.
Under those conditions Tour Rice theoretical physicist Boris Yakobson and their teams found that the entire edge of a fast-growing sheet of graphene becomes a nucleation site
The specimens had been attracted to an ultraviolet light trap on the Binaloud Mountain near Mashhad city the capital of the Khorasan-e-Razavi province of Iran.
and Sandia National Laboratories have created a solid-state electronic device that is hardwired to detect polarized light across a broad swath of the visible and infrared spectrum.
and computer engineering and of physics and astronomy. Many animals and insects can see polarized light
Polarized light consists of individual electromagnetic waves oscillating parallel to one another. The effect is created when light reflects from a transparent material which is polarized why sunglasses reduce the glare from water glass and other surfaces.
Our work provides a new path for the realization of polarization-sensitive photodetectors that could be enabled on flexible
A key challenge concerns the mechanics of securing the participation of farmers in delivering land-use changes to benefit society A recommendation that the research team puts forward involves the reform of the European union's (EU's) Common Agricultural Policy (CAP.
and the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research in Cologne demonstrate. Nonetheless the fungus still allows itself a sexual reproduction cycle.
and Israel while the team headed by Paul Schulze-Lefert at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research in Cologne studies the genetic material of barley mildew.
and appeared to be offset from the downwind direction possibly because of interactions from the galaxy's external magnetic field.
That's the effect the external magnetic field appears to be having on the heliotail. The IBEX spacecraft uses two novel ENA cameras to image and map the heliosphere's global interaction providing the first global views and new knowledge about our solar system's interaction with interstellar space.
They have their very own flow dynamics. Their ice is exposed to permanent tensions and the calving of icebergs is still largely unresearched explains ice modeller Angelika Humbert.
Douglas Natelson a professor of physics and astronomy and of electrical and computer engineering and Krishna Palem the Ken and Audrey Kennedy Professor of Computer science and Electrical and Computer Engineering and a professor of statistics.
Crucial for us was to observe the natural dynamics of the chicken embryo Tammer emphasizes.
The above story is provided based on materials by Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length g
Junichiro Kono a professor of electrical and computer engineering and of physics and astronomy; and Matteo Pasquali a professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering and of chemistry.
The climate physicists emphasise the fact that it is important for political decision-makers to link different climate targets to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in a quantitative manner.
Professor Svenning explains In the climate debate even researchers have had a tendency to overlook the fact that ecological dynamics can be slow.
Experiments conducted on the fruit fly Drosophila by scientists at the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology in Martinsried have shown that hunger not only modifies behaviour but also changes pathways in the brain.
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Only a single male was caught at ultraviolet light on 24 may 2012 near Zhongdian in northwest China's Yunnan province in the remote Baima Xue mountain range.
It was thought that most of the strong infrared radiation coming from AGN originated in these doughnuts.
explains This is the first time we've been able to combine detailed mid-infrared observations of the cool room-temperature dust around an AGN with similarly detailed observations of the very hot dust.
This also represents the largest set of infrared interferometry for an AGN published yet. The newly-discovered dust forms a cool wind streaming outwards from the black hole.
Another team member Gerd Weigelt (Max-Planck-Institut fã r Radioastronomie Bonn Germany) explains By combining the world-class sensitivity of the large mirrors of the VLT with interferometry we are able
No other optical or infrared system in the world is currently capable of this. These new observations may lead to a paradigm shift in the understanding of AGN.
and observe simultaneously in the near-and mid-infrared--giving us much more detailed data.
what a space telescope with a diameter of over 100 metres would measure. 3 The hotter dust was mapped using the AMBER VLTI instrument at near-infrared wavelengths
and the newer observations reported here used the MIDI instrument at wavelengths between 8 and 13 microns in the mid-infrared.
Conceivable aggravation of forest decline by climate changea new type of electron microscope enabled the observation of particle deliquescence and dynamics under changing air humidity.
-and-prey dynamics that drive the carbon cycle and so protecting lands and storing carbon could be linked at the same time.
Co-authors of the paper are Rice graduate students Zhiwei Peng Changsheng Xiang Gedeng Ruan and Zheng Yan and Douglas Natelson a Rice professor of physics and astronomy and of electrical and computer engineering.
They include a very sensitive spectrometer that analyzes sunlight reflected from Earth's surface to measure atmospheric carbon dioxide methane and carbon monoxide.
Yakobson a theoretical physicist and his team specialize in analyzing the interplay of energy at the atomic scale.
After sample extraction ancient organic compounds were identified by a combination of state-of-the-art chemical techniques including infrared spectrometry gas chromatography-mass spectrometry solid phase microextraction ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography
The powder was placed in a mass spectrometer to learn ratios of carbon isotopes incorporated into tooth enamel via diet.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena Germany discovered that the ability of Manduca sexta moths to recognize changes in the profile of volatile compounds released by plants being attacked by Manduca caterpillars allows them to lay their eggs on plants that are less likely
Ideal conditions for Manduca offspringnow the scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology show another interesting effect of the chemical odor conversion:
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The expansion will mark Jove's eighth journal section after the recent additions of Jove Chemistry and Applied Physics.
and that includes engineers at Iowa State university who are using high-frequency sound waves to break down plant materials
and Jessica Schnell recently graduated now at the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Germany. More accurate habitat maps show the extent of fragmentation
but protecting it from ultraviolet degradation over time is hard. You have to expose it to sunlight.
#Discovery by physicists furthers understanding of superconductivity: Experiments show Zhang-Rice singlet state in different class of materialsphysicists at the University of Arkansas have collaborated with scientists in the United states
since its discovery in 1986 said Jak Chakhalian professor of physics at the University of Arkansas. Unfortunately as of today we have zero theoretical understanding of the mechanism behind this enigmatic phenomenon.
In my mind the high-temperature superconductivity is the most important unsolved mystery of condensed matter physics.
In both cases electrical resistance drops to zero and complete expulsion of magnetic fields occurs. Superconductors have the ability to transport large electrical currents and produce high magnetic fields
which means they hold great potential for electronic devices and power transmission. The recent finding by the University of Arkansas-led team is important to further understand superconductivity Chakhalian said.
An article detailing the finding Zhang-Rice physics and anomalous copper states in A-site ordered perovskites was published Monday May 13 in Scientific Reports an online journal published by the journal Nature.
Derek Meyers a doctoral student in physics at the U of A found that the way electrons form in superconductive material--known as the Zhang-Rice singlet state--was present in a chemical compound that is very different
In the mid-1980s physicists determined that all high-temperature superconductive material must contain copper and oxygen and those elements arrange two-dimensionally.
Masahiro Ishigami an assistant professor of physics at the University of Central Florida; and Tony Heinz the D. M. Rickey Professor of Physics at Columbia University.
Ajayan is the Benjamin M. and Mary Greenwood Anderson Professor in Mechanical engineering and Materials Science and of chemistry at Rice.
the optical measurements were carried out in the Tony Heinz lab in physics. The structural modeling and electronic structure calculations were performed by the David Reichman lab in chemistry.
The electron microscopy was performed by atomic imaging experts in the David Muller lab at Cornell University's School of Applied and Engineering Physics and the Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science.
Smoke particles can generate radiative forcing mainly through scattering and absorbing solar radiation (direct radiative forcing)
or burning seasons smoke particles reduce overall solar radiation absorbed by the atmosphere at local and regional levels.
n Burbano from the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology. For research to be published in elife a team of molecular biologists from Europe
What is for certain is that these findings will greatly help us to understand the dynamics of emerging pathogens.
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Considering the exposure to high levels of ultraviolet radiation positive selective genes related to DNA repair may be vital to protect the Tibetan antelope from it.
Max Planck Institute for Molecular genetics; Indiana University; Rutgers University; and the Donald Danforth Plant science Center.
The above story is provided based on materials by Institute of Physics (IOP. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
#Exotic atoms hold clues to unsolved physics puzzle at the dawn of the universean international team of physicists has found the first direct evidence of pear shaped nuclei in exotic atoms.
or people said Tim Chupp a University of Michigan professor of physics and biomedical engineering and co-author of a paper on the work published in the May 9 issue of Nature.
What caused the matter/antimatter imbalance is one of physics'great mysteries. It's not predicted by the Standard model--the overarching theory that describes the laws of nature and the nature of matter.
The electromagnetic interaction gives rise to forces on electrically charged bodies. And the strong and weak forces operate in the cores of atoms binding together neutrons and protons or causing those particles to decay.
Physicists have been searching for signs of a new force or interaction that might explain the matter-antimatter discrepancy.
The research was led by University of Liverpool Physics Professor Peter Butler. Our findings contradict some nuclear theories
The studies demonstrate how the high-density prevalence of this nonnative plant is shifting population dynamics
This means that even decades after the pastoralists move on they leave fertile footprints across the landscape that significantly alter the dynamics of the entire ecosystem.
and conventionally tilled were somewhat surprising to lead author Humberto Blanco a University of Nebraska-Lincoln soil physicist.
The new technology has been shown to nearly eliminate the reflection losses of solar radiation. Cost-effective solar photovoltaic materials are being developed within the Academy of Finland's research programme Photonics and Modern Imaging Techniques.
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