a joint venture between Jalna-based Maharashtra Hybrid Seed Company and US seed giant Monsanto. The decision to seek further input has angered some crop scientists.
seed-planting will occur at different times from that of natural varieties, and farmers will be surveyed about the effect on native maize.
indicating that they bore transgenes just like commercial seeds modified to be herbicide resistant. Fagan disputes the criticism.
That's because researchers can test seeds for DNA markers that flag up the presence of particular haplotypes,
Today, seeds from domesticated sorghum grass are used as flour for porridge, as a fermentation substrate for beer and as a dye for clothing.
and was developed by Mahyco-Monsanto Biotech, a joint venture between the Jalna-based Maharashtra Hybrid Seed Company and the US seed giant Monsanto,
preserving the control of seeds and food in the hands of our farmers and consumers instead of a few multinational corporations like Monsanto, says Gangula Ramanjaneyulu, director of the Centre for Sustainable agriculture in Hyderabad.
as has happened with Bt cotton (see'Illegal seeds overtake India's cotton fields').'Indeed, Chinese farmers had been growing Bt rice for five years before receiving official government approval just four months ago,
Ramanjaneyulu believes that the environment ministry should now confiscate the transgenic brinjal seeds held by Mahyco.
Seeds of progress: German chemicals company BASF has received its first approval to market genetically modified seeds.
Its herbicide-tolerant soya bean'Cultivance, 'which was developed with Embrapa, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Cooperation, can now be sold in Brazil.
Farmers will start planting the seed next year, the company expects if China, the United states and Europe approve the variety for import.
Infected plants produce fewer seeds and may die. The fungus can devastate harvests: for example, farmers in the Narok region of Kenya lost up to 80%of their wheat crop due to Ug99 in 2007.
and maize market by the world's number-two seed company Dupont, which owns plant-genetics firm Pioneer hi-bred International,
harvesting old-growth trees and replacing them with seeds obtained from warmer climes can produce trees that will better withstand temperature increases,
Nature Newsa decision by the European Court of Justice on a DNA patent held by global seed company Monsanto has caused a stir in the biotechnology industry,
cotton and rice 墉 and stored planting seeds, including the major staple food crop wheat.
who led the research team that found the canola (Brassica napus, also known as rapeseed). Sagers and her team found two varieties of transgenic canola in the wild one modified to be resistant to Monsanto's Roundup herbicide (glyphosate),
Sagers agrees that feral populations could have become established after trucks carrying cultivated GM seeds spilled some of their load during transportation.
or seed-bearing plants including conifers and cycads, are the most at-risk group of plants,
who presented the RNA transcriptomes (the whole set of RNA molecules present) of 700-850-year-old maize (corn) seeds at a conference there last week.
whose team has sequenced small regulatory RNAS from ancient Egyptian barley seeds. Increasingly, biologists are discovering that the differences between organisms are due not to mutations that change the sequence of protein-coding genes
Oliver Smith and their colleagues examined small regulatory RNA molecules in 500-year-old barley seeds from Egypt.
along with the seeds showed that the seeds produced plants whose grains grow in rows of two, instead of the usual rows of six an adaptation to dry conditions.
is that the seeds also contain a gene mutation that normally produces six-row barley. He hopes that small RNAS
What's more, plant seeds are the ideal tissue in which to study ancient RNA
you are getting a very different picture than you will be getting with seeds, he says.
Nature Newsgenetically modified (GM CROPS can save farmers using conventional seeds even more money than those using the transgenic varieties,
but don't have to pay the higher prices for the GM seeds. Overall, Hutchison's team found that corn-borer populations have declined by between 27%and 73%across the five states in the 14 years
The results are positive news for GM seed producers. But 5 of the 18 authors listed on the Science paper work for big food
or agribusiness companies, including Syngenta Seeds in Slater, Iowa and General mills in Le Sueur, Minnesota.
Samples of wild plants will now be conserved alongside existing stores of domesticated seeds (such as the Svalbard Global Seed Vault on the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen.
and noticed that some of these seemed to have bacteria in their reproductive structures, alongside their spores.
just as humans plant seeds in areas with naturally growing vegetation. But farming has its costs.
Farmers don't eat their seed. They wait for the crop to grow.
Seven days: 14 20 january 2011: Nature Newspolicy Research People Business Trend watch Coming up Number crunch Policy Haiti's cholera fight Health officials have outlined plans for a proposed cholera vaccination
The seeds will compete with another maize strain unveiled last July by Swiss agribusiness Syngenta.
Both companies used conventional breeding rather than genetic engineering to produce their seeds. Pioneer says that field studies show its new hybrids will increase maize yields by 5%in water-limited environments
as well as seed firm Monsanto, based in St louis, Missouri, are also working on transgenic maize varieties, hoping to tap into a multibillion-dollar market (see Nature 466,548-551;
%The big seed companies are also contributing expertise. Last year, South africa was home to the first field trial for a transgenic drought-tolerant maize crop,
Nature Newsmassive Amazonian characid fish may carry seeds more than five kilometres across forest flood plains,
Although fish have long been suspected of having an important role in seed distribution, proof of their ability to carry fertile seeds such distances has been lacking.
Jill Anderson, an evolutionary ecologist at Duke university in North carolina, and her team had discovered previously thousands of seeds in the guts of Colossoma macropomum fish in Peru's Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve1.
However, it was not clear how far the creatures might carry these seeds, nor whether they deposited them in areas where such seeds might grow.
To answer these questions Anderson, then at Cornell University in Ithaca, New york, and her colleagues radio-tracked 24 of the animals during three flood seasons at the reserve
and found that the location of wild fish varied by as much as 5. 9 km.
Combining this with data from captive fish on how long seeds are retained in their guts, the authors predict that C. macropomum probably have a mean dispersal distance of 337-552 metres
Crucially, the team's modelling work also suggests that the bulk of the seeds are distributed on the flood plains where they are likely to germinate rather than in permanent bodies of water such as lakes.
In the African tropics, for example, it is likely that fish distribute grass seeds, and fish in North america and Europe probably also move seeds around.
However, both of these are understudied woefully, Horn notes, in part because it is much easier to study seed distribution by birds and terrestrial mammals.
Horn's own research has shown an involvement for fish in distributing fig tree seeds in Costa Rica3.
The whole field is fertile for further study says Horn. Even having established C. macropomum as among the top players in the distribution league,
The study predicts that larger fish will distribute seeds further. However, most of the team's radio-tracked fish did not come close to the maximum reported size for C. macropomum,
Fish help to spread forest seeds. In some areas populations have declined by 90, %says Anderson.
Overfishing could really alter the seed distribution of these habitats.
Australian grazing trial ignites debate: Nature Newsto ecologists overseas, the invitation might sound tempting. It offers travel to Australia
The treaty is known best for its role in paving the way for construction of the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in Norway.
Kenya, believes the patenting of seeds is unethical and undermines farmers'rights to save seeds.
Our public research institutions must shift their focus back to farmers'needs rather than support the agenda of agribusiness
soya bean and rapeseed causes a similar level of pollution to oil obtained from oil sands
'With more than US$4 million in seed money from Norway, the consortium plans to announce an initial round of projects in the run-up to the UN Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de janeiro (Rio+20) in Brazil in June.
which have yields only 3%lower than in conventional farming and oilseed crops such as soybean,
Other medicines contained DNA from plants in the same family as ginseng the root of which is illegal to trade internationally as well as soya and nut-bearing plants,
says Allen Van Deynze, a molecular geneticist at the Seed Biotechnology Center at the University of California,
the plant known as pigweed or palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) isn t much to look at. But to farmers in the southeastern United states, it is a formidable foe.
has shown that planting a cover crop of rye blocks sunlight and reduces the number of pigweed seeds that germinate by 75%.
At the weed summit, agronomist Michael Walsh of the University of Western australia in Crawley described the Harrington Seed Destructor,
a harvester that collects weed seeds along with the crop, smashes up about 95%of them,
Monsanto argues that most Brazilian farmers still use smuggled seeds, and that the company is consequently being deprived of revenue
But the Brazilian Association of Seeds and Seedlings, a trade body, says that 70%of soya-bean farmers now buy their Roundup Ready seeds legally.
when we buy the seeds and then when we sell the soy
Risk assessment of US agro-biosafety lab found wantingan independent panel reviewing the dangers associated with establishing a high-security laboratory for studying animal diseases in the heart of US cattle country has found that the government
contributing to a sizeable overall drop in predicted US oilseed production for 2012-13.""Persistent and extreme June dryness across the central and Eastern corn belt and extreme late June and early July heat from the central Plains to the Ohio river Valley have lowered substantially yield prospects across most of the major growing regions,
The seed company Pioneer hi-bred in Johnston, Iowa, last year commercialized a conventionally bred drought-tolerant hybrid variety,
Seed companies can counter this by engineering new crops that are resistant to additional herbicides such as a new soya bean developed by Dow Agrosciences of Indianapolis,
Rapeseed biodiesel fails sustainability testbiodiesels made using rapeseed oil may not be sustainable enough to be used in the European union (EU),
Germany, calculated the greenhouse-gas savings of rapeseed biofuel in several different situations. They looked at factors such as variations in soil quality and fertilizer application during crop production,
the team found greenhouse-gas savings of 29.7%for rapeseed, well below the commission's 38%estimate.
when the team used best-case greenhouse-gas-saving values for rapeseed production, did they find that the biofuel produces low enough emissions to be regarded as a sustainable biofuel under RED,
"Saying that rapeseed is sustainable in every case, as the EU does now, is simply not correct,
rapeseed biofuel would be even less sustainable, the authors say. Fausto Freire, who conducts research on biofuels at the University of Coimbra in Portugal
and Vietze s conclusion that the actual greenhouse-gas savings of rapeseed biofuel are much lower than those estimated by the commission.
The engineered maize seeds produced proteins decorated with sugars that could be converted to human forms.
and seeds are ideal for long-term protein storage. However, Kermode says, the transgenic crops should be grown in contained greenhouses to prevent them from escaping into the environment.
Enzymes purified from the engineered seeds are functional, but they have not yet been tested in cells, let alone humans.
The team also needs to ensure that the seeds produce the protein in higher quantities.
who used the progeny of Monsanto seeds to sow his land for eight seasons. The company says that by not buying seeds for each generation,
from seeds to microbes, prompting them to revisit terminator-like technology.""If I were at Monsanto and
but bypassed the company by purchasing seed for a late-season crop from a grain elevator known to contain Monsanto s transgenic seed.
they have little recourse to prevent someone from buying seed or a cell culture or a transgenic animal and using it to generate thousands more to sell again at a fraction of the original price."
"Once you have sold the first seed, you are done, says Hans Sauer, deputy general counsel for intellectual property at the Biotechnology industry Organization, a lobby group in WASHINGTON DC.
a seed that could be harvested for food but would not produce offspring. The controversial proposal raised concerns that it would make farmers dependent on industry for their livelihood.
There are alternatives to making sterile seeds (see Terminator, the sequel. One tactic would be to switch off the transgene of interest in seeds,
so that they could grow into new plants but would not pass on the benefits of the engineered trait.
imidacloprid and thiamethoxam should not be used where they might end up in crops that attract bees, such as oilseed rape and maize.
clothianidin-treated or imidacloprid-treated seeds. It found"no clear consistent relationships between pesticide levels
Indiana farmer Vernon Bowman argued that Monsanto s patents did not apply to seeds he purchased from a grain elevator (storage tower) that contained a mixture of surplus crops,
saying that US patent law"provides no haven for propagating crops from such seeds. See go. nature. com/uil764 for more.
Its plump, green seed pods resembled those of a family of plants known in Peru as sacha inchi,
But the pods of the new plant, later dubbed Plukenetia carolis-vegae, were bigger than those sprouted by the known sacha inchi species Plukenetia volubilis and Plukenetia huayllabambana.
Familiar with sacha inchi and impressed with his find s large seeds, he transplanted it to his garden.
he and his family had developed a taste for the roasted seeds and had sold some of their harvest.
producing bigger seeds and more leathery leaves. But he would rather focus on the two plants potential similarities.
the seeds of P. carolis-vegae will be full of an essential omega-3 fatty acid that the body cannot make itself, Ã Â-linolenic acid (ALA).
On his desk, Bussmann keeps a single dried seed from the plant in a plastic bag.
Grape seeds and skins were also found scattered nearby.""The combination of botanical and chemical evidence makes a pretty tight argument that wine was being produced at Lattara,
The European Food safety Authority in Parma, Italy, concluded in May that maize (corn) seeds treated with fipronil pose a high acute risk to honeybees. ips trial approved On 19 july, Japan s health minister,
based in Bonn, Germany, in partnership with the Millennium Seed Bank at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew,
As a result, each flower produced one-third fewer seeds on average.""This is a spectacularly interesting study,
Brosi's study measured seed production only in larkspur a plant that is pollinated by several species of bumblebee.
No GM wheat has yet been approved to be grown commercially in the United states. The company says that all seed from the field trials conducted on more than 400 hectares in 16 states (see Sifting for GM wheat) was accounted for and either secured or destroyed.
USDA, MONSANTOMONSANTO had shipped MON71800 seed to breeders around the country for crossing with commercial varieties optimized for each region s climate, day length and disease profile.
seeds from farther afield could mean that someone had saved intentionally seed and released it. But pinning down the variety is difficult,
but Fraley argues that those who illegally enter fields to demolish crops could also break into experimental plots to collect seed.
They were found in localized patches in only one of two wheat fields that had been planted with the same non-GM seed.
and drop most of its seeds before the rest of the crop was harvested. Those seeds would fall straight down,
generating a clump of herbicide-resistant offspring. No explanation is completely satisfying, acknowledges Rene Van Acker, a weed scientist at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada.
"We had to account for pretty much every seed in and every seed out, down to the gram, recalls Van Acker.
removing seeds with tweezers when necessary. But Carol Mallory-Smith, the OSU weed scientist who first tested the Oregon plants three months ago,
if one of the field-test seeds had escaped. She has found transgenic crops in stranger places.
Europe is even importing rapeseed and vegetable oil to meet demand. But the original accounting for biofuel emissions was all wrong,
grew more shoots and flowers and produced 48-125%more seeds per plant than non-transgenic hybrids in the absence of glyphosate.
and were heavily dependent on rye and barley crops in an unfavourable growing climate. The researchers analysed data on crop yields over a 50-year period that culminated in a severe famine in the 1860s
to get seeds onto the market in the next 3-5 Â years. Agriculture s climate problem is a nitrogen-fertilizer problem.
Arcadia expects commercial partners to bring seeds to market by 2017, and in December 2012, the United nations Clean Development Mechanism approved a plan for farmers to earn sellable emissions reduction credits by using the company s technology.
One of the key outcomes has been to develop terrestrial oilseeds that produce fish oils. We ve mobilized the genes from algae that make some of these oils and put them into oilseed crops.
And sure enough we ve been able to make oils that are as good as in some cases even better than fish oils.
The plant s reproductive structures are encased in tepals a hybrid between petals and leaflike support structures called sepals.
His team s analysis also provides insight into the evolution of complex seeds, floral scents and other features of flowering plants.
The company plans to sell a mixture of fungi for coating rice and maize (corn) seeds,
compared to untreated seeds, the product increased maize yields by 85%in Michigan during a 2012 drought, increased seed germination rates by two to five times during 5 °C cold snaps,
More widespread use of the genetically modified seeds, which are made by Dow Agrosciences in Indianapolis, Indiana,
He says that timing is critical for getting seeds distributed to sites where they can take root
if their seeds do not spread properly. And many saplings could perish if the summer is particularly brutal.
The oldest joke in the automotive world is the one about the loose nut between the gas pedal and the steering wheel.
New American oak barrels are used by distilleries in the U s. to age bourbon and rye.
From Kenya other countries may get the seeds through trade. But researchers aren't resting yet nor can they ever.
International atomic energy agency nuclear radiated biological mutant seed enhancement amplified evolutionary adapation production against wheat rust desease for Kenyan farmers.
Brown is the CEO of Beyond Meat a four-year-old company that manufactures a meat substitute made mainly from soy and pea proteins and amaranth.
Using animals as a method of seed dispersal is actually a useful form of mutualism âÂ#Âthe plants get to spread their genes
and having ingested seeds is solid evidence for this. It shows that sometimes stepping back and taking a broad look at evidence can reveal some interesting things.
Vodka gin tequila brandy/cognac rum pisco bourbon rye scotch cachaca etc. Sour elements: Lemon juice lime juice grapefruit juice yuzu juice (make sure it s unsalted.
Normally coffee farmers and processors pick the berries from their coffee trees remove the fruits'flesh from their seeds ferment the seeds
and roast the seeds. For civet coffee a cute Southeast Asian forest creature called the Asian palm civet helps out with some of these steps.
One of the farmers'worries is the cost of GMO seeds and the privatization of the nation's staple crop spokesman Bert Autor told Remate.
in order to avoid being sued by corporations like Monsanto in case of accidental seed distribution. They made the law
Having to buy new seed from the manufacturer every year? No thanks...Monsanto does exactly that and it is a huge cause of farmer bancruptcy in the third world
It also produces a seed rich in an oil suitable for use as sustainable and environmentally-friendly biodiesel fuel.
One day he happened across a story about a little chicken who got hit on the head by an acorn falling from a tree
would be to store the seeds of healthy oranges in a controlled sealed environment. Yes store the seeds
and take it a step further. And that is destroy all the orange trees and the disease will will die with them.
and then plant the seeds. But this is so obvious that it must not be a viable solution
RYE ME IN! AND FLY ME OUT! MYTH THIS THROUGH! AND REEL ME IN! ON BERLIN TA LOU!
RYE ME IN! AND FLY ME OUT! MYTH THIS THROUGH! AND REEL ME IN! ON BERLIN TA LOU!
RYE ME IN! AND FLY ME OUT! MYTH THIS THROUGH! AND REEL ME IN! ON BERLIN TA LOU!
With flowering plants now contaminated with pollen from plants w/re-engineered DNA like rapeseed & corn & soy its become a case of malnutrition at the lowest level of the food chain.
The majority of fruit and nut crops flower in February and March. I think most of the Midwest was still under snow at that time so even incidental cross pollination is impossible.
if these wild pigs have been unto acorns in their diet while free-roaming they should taste good--provided they be gutted asap once killed. a trip in southern Spain exposed
and Protugal are released into the land after being weened on standard stuff at the farm and feasts basically on acorn.
The owner of the House of Ham mentioned this diet of acorn gives the ham its far-out taste...
when the farmer selects his seeds. On the long term this will lead to worsen relation between the bees and the plants.
and is a long time coming in the corporate world-it coming to a head just slightly after the establishment of a highly secure seed vault in the northern oceans
and seeds before 400 million years ago amphibians before 360 million years ago reptiles before 300 million years ago mammals before 200 million years ago
#What's The Flavor Difference Between Scotch And Rye? Infographic Can't quite tell the difference between a Speyside Scotch malt and an Islay?
or grain (or a blend) and has to be aged for at least three years is that ryes tend to be a little spicy
But have you been detecting the slight eau de biscuit in Canadian rye? You dont need aliens to teach you how to make alcohol...
Two slices of rye e
#Alaska Brewery Uses Beer To Make More Beer The Associated press has the story of Juneau's Alaskan Brewing Company
In the story orphaned James seeks refuge with a bunch of anthropomorphized insects inside a huge stone fruit which is toted then across the Atlantic ocean by a flock of seagulls.
So they persist with each tumbling ball scattering up to a quarter million seeds as it rolls.
and roll around while dispersing their seeds. The safety tests included inoculating plants of species related to the Salsola tragus tumbleweed that C. salsolae and U. salsolae target.
Seed company Dow Agrosciences told Reuters that Dow representatives taught Brazilian farmers these strategies. The companies'instructions were confusing a lawyer representing the farmers told Reuters
Instead the FBI alleges Debeinong staff tried to steal the seeds and seedlings of the parent plants that companies crossbreed to create the seeds they sell to farmers.
Parent plants are much more valuable than the GMO seeds farmers buy. A farmer who plants a crossbred GMO corn crop could keep the resulting seeds
and replant them if she wanted. I mean technically she could because the seeds aren't sterile as is alleged often
but she would likely face legal repercussions.)However a crop grown from crossbred seeds will contain a mix of corn types most them inferior in quality.
Parent plants on the other hand breed true generation after generation carrying the traits companies engineered into them.
The sequences of parent plants'genes represent some of the companies'most important intellectual property.
since the seeds became commercially available in 1996. Corn cotton and soy hich together occupy about 40 percent of U s. cropland re the three crops with the highest GMO fraction by area each more than 90 percent in 2013.
when native cottonwoods and willows drop their seeds Scienceinsider reports. Ecologists hope those seeds will take root in the newly-wetted sand
and drive out invasive salt cedars that have taken over. Scientists themselves will proliferate in the area after the planned mini-flood.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011