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In the 20th century, grey infrastructure made of concrete and other man-made materials was intended to safeguard public health by transporting waste out of crowded cities.
 Grey infrastructure oe pipes, lined canals and sewage treatment facilities oe have very specific roles in order to meet precise guidelines for flows and pollutant concentrations.
Windy city parkin Finland, Heiki Setã ¤lã ¤of the University of Helsinki has monitored the urban environment to measure pollutant concentrations near tree canopies and in waterways.
many street tree plantings are ineffective at removing air pollutants, and instead may trap pollutants near the ground.
 My students and I equipped street trees with sensors in and around the trunk in Los angeles to monitor growth
 With precise measurements of pollutant uptake, water use, plant growth rates, and greenhouse gas emissions,
Our love for our children generally outweighs our aversion to their bodily waste, but nobody actually enjoys changing a dirty nappy.
Many species share our aversion to faeces, however others actively seek it out oe a finding that highlights the evolutionary logic beneath our apparently visceral reactions to waste.
Our aversion to waste even extends to the waste of other species: dog owners who fail to clean up after their dogs can face hefty fines.
Ours is not the only species that goes out of its way to avoid exposure to disgusting things like excrement,
Psychologist Paul Rozin, of the University of Pennsylvania, argues that our disgust response reduces the likelihood of ingesting disease-causing microorganisms in decayed meat, faeces, vomit, or blood.
By avoiding areas contaminated with faeces, they gobble up far fewer parasitic lungworm larvae. The same is true for sheep.
Researchers at the University of Aberdeen, UK showed in experiments how sheep overwhelmingly preferred plots uncontaminated with faeces to those containing it.
They were unable to distinguish between faeces infected with parasites and uninfected faeces and so operated according to an avoid all the poo rule.
In fact, some actually seem to seek out faeces. Patrick Walsh and Amy Pederson from the University of Edinburgh, UK, together with Erin Mccreless from the University of California, Santa cruz, noticed that the related wild white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus)
and deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) re-inhabit the burrows of previous occupiers that contain both food and faeces.
the mice were more likely to choose to spend their time in an enclosure containing faeces than in a clean one.
or for the pet trade, do avoid faeces. As wild reindeer and primates also avoid faeces,
domestication isn't the key, so what is it? Walsh and colleagues believe that for their wild mice,
the presence of faeces from other mice at a potential nesting location or near food suggests safety from predators.
perhaps the risk of infection from faecal matter is the lesser of two concerns. Laboratory animals, pets,
Perhaps our species'lack of natural predators means we are lucky to be able to afford to be disgusted by faeces and other disgusting things.
'Perfume containers'Males with harems mark the boundaries of their territories with excretions from small, furless,
they require a mixture of secretions from these glands, their genitals and urine. That's where their wing sacs come in.
using their mouths to suck up a bit of urine, and then transferring it by licking the interior of their wing-sacs.
but this time they press their gular glands against their penises to combine excretions from both,
and seaweed detritus will gradually sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and deposit it on the seafloor to restart nature's eons-long process of creating fossil fuels.
Yet through waste and mismanagement, careless pollution, and ever-surging demand, humankind is careening toward a day
and waste, establish practical policies, and apply smart technology for efficient use and monitoring, humankind can more sustainably manage this  precious resource.
Ancient Egyptian papyrus dating back to 1500bc describes the use of mud, excrement, frogs boiled in oil and fermented goat dung.
The wastefulness of automation Frances Coppola Pieria 8 july 2013 If robots put more and more workers out of jobs,
with the waste going to feed agricultural plots in the city. Creative growers are already converting industrial spaces,
they scavenge human rubbish. Whether traditional conservationists and wildlife lovers learn to value these new flourishings that are occurring at such a rapid rate is still to be seen.
and transform them into energy, carbon dioxide and industrial pollutants oe which, on an industrial scale, produces a world
and transform our waste organic matter into useful substances. Rather than being noxious sumps of filth and disease,
and a shift away from farming lifestyles decreased our contact with soil, faeces and contaminated food where bacteria and parasites like helminths live.
In 2007, self-infected entrepreneurs Garin Aglietti and Jasper Lawrence founded a worm therapy start-up called Autoimmunetherapies in the US by harvesting hookworms plucked and sterilised from their own faeces,
In order to select the mating partner the bull literally finds the one that best suits his taste oe by sampling their urine.
Females cooperate in this urine-testing ritual according to researchers David M. Pratt and Virginia H. Anderson."
she must produce a stream of urine if he is to catch some in his mouth and savour it,
While giraffes'social decisions are ruled by urine, hippos appear to rely on dung. The function and purpose of dung-showering is still only partially understood, according to biologist Richard Despard Estes.
Sexual fantasies aren't limited to urine and faeces of course. Some people prefer their sexual encounters a little more on the rough side,
throwing up persistent clouds of debris that darkened the sky for years. The resulting change in climate led to a mass extinction that included the dinosaurs.
To demonstrate, Matthew Birck, the lead barcoding scientist at the Newark lab, walks to a large white freezer and pulls out a black garbage bag.
including animal and human excrement. As populations grew in Europe and the US, nineteenth-century scientists found precious useable nitrogen supplies in South america,
in the form of vast quantities of guano oe bird droppings oe which indigenous people had been using for centuries as a soil enricher.
and the War of the Pacific kicked off between the guano-and saltpetre-rich nations of Peru, Bolivia and Chile.
Britain supported Chile, enabling it to win most of the guano and saltpetre area and Bolivia's entire coastline in the process.
though, the need for guano was replaced by a revolutionary idea. The German chemist Fritz Haber invented a way of converting the nitrogen in air into liquid ammonia (NH3.
and not all the nitrogen in the food we eat is used even by our bodies oe the excess enters the environment through human waste.
As with all fertilisers, manure runoff can also pollute rivers and oceans with eutrophication (death by oxygen starvation.
The United nations, in fact, estimates that 27%of all milk in Uganda goes to waste, much of it due to spoilage.
despite thinking they would be a complete waste of money. Bridgeman, a 67-year-old neuroscientist at the University of California in Santa cruz, grew up nearly stereoblind, that is, without true perception of depth."
and to safely dispose of toxic waste. But many people think it should be extended to include carbon dioxide pollution,
Microorganisms, for example, can degrade our waste, but not at a rate that matches our production.
It means no waste, no pollution, and far greater efficiencies, as closed-loop pioneers are already discovering.
where nitrates and other pollutants are greater than anything our ecosystems have evolved to function in,
Animal faeces contain many of these chemicals, and recycling essential nitrates from biomatter is the easiest and cheapest way of replenishing the soil.
which bacteria break down the waste. The methane gas produced by the bacteria is used then to fuel cooking stoves,
and the decomposed manure can be spread on the fields as fertiliser. Another way of getting nitrates into the soil is to introduce the few organisms that can create it for you oe so-called'nitrogen-fixers,
We use the sheep to provide manure for the fields, which halves our fertiliser use,
because working journalists can know easily browse Reddit for the latest developments on 4chan rather than slogging through threads of nonsense and garbage on 4chan itself.
LOIC basically turns your computers network connection into a firehose of garbage requests, directed towards a target web server.
or HTTP requests at once to overwhelm a web server-garbage requests can easily ignored while legit requests for web pages are responded to as normal.
but it must be rubbish. Pictured above is oegetting in a Pickle, the winner of the 2010 competition.
confirming for the first time that human excrements contribute to water pollution, primarily with nitrogen and phosphorus. A team of researchers from the Universidad de Almerã a (UAL) has estimated the environmental impact of the Spanish diet
and role that human excrements play in the life cycle of food. It is the first time that a scientific study of this type incorporates the role played by human excrements. oefood in Spain produces emissions of around two tonnes of carbon dioxide per person
and per year (more than 20%of total emissions per person and per year) and consumes 20 gigajoules of primary energy,
industrial food processing, sale and distribution, preparation and cooking at home, solid waste treatment (food remains and packaging),
as well as human excretion. According to the study, producing food from animals, such as meat and dairy products, causes the greatest impact.
but in both cases the effects of human excretion (through breathing or due to waste water treatment) are next on the list.
Human Excretion Contributes Nutrients oehuman excretion contributes significantly to water polluting through providing organic matter and nutrients
just like manure is reused as fertiliser in agriculture. oethe problem is that in many cases our rivers have a very low water level
not only from excrements, but also from other sources such as pesticides and fertilisers used in farming and pollutants from industry,
Muã oz indicates. The researchers have estimated also the CO2 and methane produced by the human metabolism
As regards emissions, oehuman excrements have a net null effect on global warming, as they are offset by carbon fixation in photosynthesis. As a result,
plants and their carbon-rich detritus in the soil is becoming more pronounced as more and more of the worlds natural ecosystems succumb to the plow.
but they are prized as a natural substitute for Viagr¢Cow Urine For about US $3 per bottle,
A sacred animal in India, urine from the cow is distilled before it is blended with traditional Indian herbs and medicinal plants.
Eskenazi and her team tested for levels of pesticide metabolites in urine in the mothers twice during their pregnancies and several times in the children after birth.
they found that each tenfold increase in pesticide levels in the mothers urine was associated with a fivefold increase in attention problems as measured by the assays.
looking at much lower levels of malathion in urine, found that a tenfold increase in pesticide levels was associated with a 55%increase in ADHD.
and much less ammonia, a pollutant produced by pig and poultry farming. Being cold-blooded, insects convert plant matter into protein extremely efficiently,
#The Astonishing Amount of Junk Food One Child Eats Per year in the UK One years worth of junk food consumed by children in the UK.
It is perhaps unsurprising then that todays children have been labeled the junk food generation, with a third of youngsters aged five to 13 already considered obese.
Despite this, the Conservatives have decided to axe the watchdog that was set up a decade ago to regulate the junk-food companies.
Junk-food companies admitted they had not yet been asked to provide any money. Mr Lansley defended the plans,
These photos from the Sriracha Tiger Zoo in Thailand show a tiger nursing a litter of piglets
so rescue workers introduced the chihuahua into the litter. A week later, the dog was doing well,
such as a need for potable water and a way to dispose of animal waste. Farmers must form cooperatives to purchase
such as a need for potable water and a way to dispose of animal waste. Farmers must form cooperatives to purchase
He is just taking out the garbage from his room, which he shares with three other students.
Biogas extracted from manure was considered the best alternative in tests which covered biogas ethanol and biodiesel in different variants.
Biogas from sugar beets, grass, maize, including residue in the form of household waste, industrial waste and manure, biodiesel from rapeseed, ethanol from wheat and sugar beets,
#Cow Manure from Dairy farms Could Help Power Internet Giants Cow manure from dairy farms could help power Google
with the manure from their cows possibly powering the vast data centers of companies like Google and Microsoft.
and dairy farmers efforts to deal with cattle waste by turning it into fuel. With the right skills, a dairy farmer could rent out land
and recoup an investment in the waste-to-fuel systems within two years, Hewlett-packard engineers say in a new research paper.
It would be a waste of money, and we would leave life to the weather and the fates, said Thangaraj,
and Lewd, Greta Garbage explains all sorts of bizarre trivia about urine. Warning: not for the squeamish.
Facts About Urine Some people are fascinated totally with the useless fact their piss smells different after they eat asparagus.
Technically, the asparagus doesnt make the urine smell, some people just have the fairly useless ability to pick it out.
Actually, your urine is odorless until after it comes out of your body. What you smell then is ammonia yep, the same stuff you clean with.
Asparagus isnt the only thing some people smell in urine. Drinking turpentine is said to make urine smell like a rose
so hundreds of years ago, women would drink turpentine so their piss would smell sweet.
¢Eating beets can turn your urine red.¢¢Vitamin b2 makes it bright yellow.¢¢Certain blue dyes make it blue-green.¢
A good clue to health is the darkness of the urine hue. Experts say that you should pee pale.
your urine will be darker.)Adult men usually pee in a narrower stream than women do
Some idiots in those days also thought they could just look at urine and tell if the woman was intact.)
Pyrolysis takes plants, animal manure or any other kind of organic biomass, traps it in an oxygen-free environment and heats it to around 550°C. At the end, youre left with biochar,
or if a successful soil stew needs more ingredients. oeterra preta research indicates that there was kitchen garbage discarded with the charcoal,
and junk food rises. The reason appears to be simply because folks consume about 1 percent fewer calories from junk food with every one percent increase in the price.
Conversely, when these prices fell, body weight and diabetes rose. This is based on data from more than 5
which have candy, chips and some other junk food that people really like. So, how serious are the results of this study?
and trucks release pollutants and greenhouse gases that promote warming, while emitting few aerosols that counteract it.
That means well need to work even harder to reduce greenhouse gases and warming pollutants.
It could soon be composted at home along with organic waste. Researchers at Imperial College London have managed to transforms sugars found in fast growing trees and grasses into a large molecule, known as a polymer,
reacts with the common indoor air pollutant nitrous acid to produce dangerous carcinogens. This new potential health hazard was revealed in a multi-institutional study led by researchers with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab). oethe burning of tobacco releases nicotine in the form of a vapor
but reactions of residual smoke constituents with atmospheric molecules such as nitrous acid have been overlooked as a source of harmful pollutants.
if people werent too squeamish, with the use of waste streams (pun intended) like urine as fertilizer.
and urine of rats fed the maize for three months, compared to rats given a non-GM diet.
asparagus reigns supreme (its main side effect, strong-smelling urine, notwithstanding. In 19th-century France, it was customary for bridegrooms to down three courses of asparagus at their prenuptial dinners.
and Reducing Waste Runoff Soybean, one of the most important global sources of protein and oil, is now the first legume species with a published complete draft genome sequence.
elevating the amount of phosphorus in the manure. Limiting phytate production in the soybean could reduce a major environmental runoff contaminant from swine and poultry waste.
#The piglet was of a litter of five and as of yet he has been given not a name.
More details here. 5. Locationists People who specialize in adding the relevance of place#to our global online communities. 6. Waste Data Managers To insure data integrity in today s fast evolving information storage industry,
Gorilla Foundation volunteer Janis Turner arranged to have a litter of orphaned kittens visit Koko in September 2009,
is shown here nursing her two newborn kittens along with an orphaned litter of puppies in March 2010.10.
Brian Scudamore, 1-800-GOT-JUNK In 1989, Brian Scudamore was waiting in line at a Mcdonalds drive through
and started The Rubbish Boys. He began by picking up junk in between his classes at the University of British columbia,
but what started as a way to pay for college soon turned into a unique business.
In 1998, he changed the name to 1-800-GOT-JUNK and a year later the first franchise opened in Canada.
One New zealand community is looking at opening a dedicated diaper-composting facility to deal with the problem#The Dominion Post reports that the Wellington region of New zealand is looking at opening a nappy#(diaper) composting facility that could handle as much as 1000 tonnes of waste
#Top 10 Photos of the Week An imagination is a terrible thing to waste on trees,
or junk food,#said Dale Kunkel, a communications professor at the University of Arizona who studies the marketing of childrens food.
testing either their urine during pregnancy or their umbilical blood after birth. The findings compound some of the risks that pesticides were known already to pose to children,
pigs, manure and straw. LINK Share Thissubscribedel. icio. usfacebookredditstumbleupontechnorati c
#Zombie Ants Controlled by Four New Species of Fungi A stalk of the newfound fungus species Ophiocordyceps camponoti-balzani,
high amounts of caffeine increase urine production, making our bodies lose water. If you are looking to prevent dehydration,
Some companies test urine for traces of nicotine, while others operate on the honor system. While most of the companies applied their rules only to new employees,
Eyelashes and eyelids work to keep dust and other debris out of the eye, but they can not do all of the work.
They are striving for a 20%reduction in water usage by 2015 and very impressively are setting next years as their target year to attain says zero waste to landfill.
or even custodians willing and able to work with medical waste. The situation is much the same at Jain Irrigation
However, this species is threatened by the level of industrial waste and the decreasing water levels in the lake,
Furthermore, insects can often feed on organic waste matter. Moreover insects are considered already delicacies in many cultures,
Such areas are plagued often with quickie marts where families feed themselves the processed junk thats available
and nutrition this year. 1. Junk food is as addictive as heroin. A study was released just showing that over a period of five days consuming junk food,
your brain becomes desensitized to the euphoria of junk food and sugar and needs more and more of it.
The same pattern happens with drug use, specifically heroin. NO WONDER people have trouble losing weight.
so targeted it will actually cease to be junk at all. If that s happening, I m not seeing it.
They also noted a couple of studies that showed that children who ate organic produce had fewer pesticide traces in their urine.
far from being junk food, popcorn packs a better nutritional punch than fruit or vegetables.
and other pizza toppings from going to waste each year. The U s. Environmental protection agency said 33 million tons of food waste hit landfills and incinerators in 2010, the largest solid waste product in the system.
EPA has launched a program to address the issue. Experts from EPA and other groups have floated a variety of recommended fixes.
#and use by#dates could help consumers avoid throwing food in the garbage too soon. Some food could be rescued
while also easing the burden on landfills and reducing decomposition of garbage into greenhouse gas methane.
Gove said she has cut waste by starting with smaller meal portions for her children,
(and the amount of sweeteners and other garbage they usually contain) with buying a large tub of plain yogurt and mixing in honey, nuts, preserves,
See number 10.10) Waste not, want not. We throw away a ridiculous amount of food. Ridiculous!
That s more than any other waste category but paper. Food waste represents 14 percent of the total municipal solid waste stream,
More industrial pollutants, more pesticides and more people occupying more land may mean a world of trouble for a creature that can be traced to the earliest vertebrates to creep across land.
#Researchers calculated projected levels of surface ozone concentration, a powerful air pollutant that is not only harmful to human health (particularly to the respiratory system) but also damages vegetation by damaging plant cells and inhibiting
#-Emo Philips..7.)Top 10 Photos May 7, 2011 An imagination is a terrible thing to waste on trees,
and break down oil spills and other contaminated waste at a rapid pace. Revenue from industrial chemicals made through synthetic biology is already as high as $1. 5 billion,
Located in one of the grittiest areas of town, where train tracks, garbage, and broken down carsare far more prevalent than the hippies Berkeley is famous for,
Charcoal waste is generated by the machine but the charcoal is rich with carbon and makes a very efficient fertilizer.
Nor can we continue our extravagant waste of limited fossil fuels.##Today, the U s. population is 50%larger;
and the town would offer a $100 bounty reward for shooters who bring in debris from an unmanned aircraft from the U s. government.
And whatnot, insects can also feed on organic by-products such as human and animal waste, which may help reduce environmental contamination.
and allow farmers to add manure. Near-desert plots are transformed gradually into small, narrow fields in
Spain and will help clean pollutants from the air. The attention-grabbing garden has been wedged in the courtyard that gets necessary sunlight for the garden to remain in a vibrant state.
cleaning the air from pollutants, with measurable effects in urban areas. The Forest Service put a 3. 8 billion dollar value on the air pollution annually removed by urban trees.
and analyzing traffic patterns to reroute drivers-Waste management optimizing waste pickup by measuring container levels-Security & emergency detection detecting radiation, gases,
And we need to incorporate zero-waste and low-energy technologies into the task of food production.
we could create 100%consumable water with zero waste. An industrial design team in London has come the closest with something calledooho,
And it was rarely meat it was scraps of grains and vegetable waste on the dump heaps.
Such closed ecosystems would theoretically transform waste products into oxygen, food and water in order to support life-forms inhabiting the system.
and stand in lines a gigantic, continual waste of time, patience, and gasoline. Grocers, which stand between food producers and consumers,
but do some mental calculations surrounding the massive waste of human capital throughout this whole process.
Bio-Waste Optimizers 31. Guardians of Privacy Future Sports Sports have become the ultimate form of storytelling.
Once considered a junk crop by the Spanish conquistadors quinoa now comes with an air of gourmet available only in health-food stores and high-end groceries.
>go upstairs to pee</a>.Though the eruption of Mount vesuvius in A d. 79 destroyed many second stories pipes left behind reveal traces of fecal matter
and other pollutants along with the homogenization of the bees'diet as farmers increasingly use hives to pollinate monoculture (one crop) fields —
and some ways to reduce that waste.</</p><p>Agriculture uses about 70 percent of the available freshwater on the planet.
t really suitable for a big glass of water (unless<a href=http://www. space. com/20867-astronauts-drink-urine-and-other-wastewater-video. html>you'
and some ways to reduce that waste. Irrigation Agriculture uses about 70 percent of the available freshwater on the planet.
 Some 56 percent of global food loss and waste occurs in the developed world.
and perform all kinds of vital roles in their environments from eating fecal matter to pollinating flowers.
Now plastic is found in just about every corner of the globe for example in thegreat Pacific garbage patch known to scientists as theâ North Pacific Subtropial Gyreand even on the floor of the Arctic ocean.
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