Stuck in a Hot Placethe habitats of most Andean plants-and therefore the habitats of the organisms that use them for food and shelter-are determined largely by temperature.
and damage 9-20%of stored food crops and several species are resistant to available insecticides.
This work has powerful implications for efforts to increase the yield of basic food crops like maize
and has been on the U s. Food and Drug Administration's list of substances generally recognized as safe for use in food.
It has been in commercial use for years as a flavoring for foods and beverages and as a fragrance ingredient in perfumes.
Those applications require only tiny amounts of nootkatone and price--$25 per ounce when extracted from grapefruit--was not a major concern.
and vegetablesthe scientist who turned fresh-cut apple slices into a popular convenience food available ready-to-eat in grocery stores school cafeterias and fast-food restaurants today described advances in keeping other foods fresh flavorful
and vegetables--as health-conscious consumers look for more foods that require minimal preparation like cut fruit
It's visible within minutes for foods like apples and bananas but occurs without any outward sign for other fruits and vegetables.
and sometimes improving on it with new edible coatings that protect the quality and nutritional value of food.
Those coatings consist of a thin layer of edible material applied to the surface of a food product to preserve freshness.
if the foods are handled under sterile conditions when they are cut in the factory Pavlath said.
Workers either spray on the films or immerse the foods in the liquid coating after cutting.
and other food crops and toward corn cobs stalks and other non-food plant material.
and other food crops for fuel production may raise food prices or lead to shortages of food.
Brown pointed out that corn stalks corn cobs and other plant material not used for food production would be better sources of ethanol.
However that currently requires special processing to break down the tough lignocellulose material in plant waste and other crops such as switchgrass grown specifically for ethanol production.
#Progress and challenges for reinventing food packaging for sustainabilitynature has provided the food industry with the perfect packages to imitate in the drive to embrace a new genre of boxes bottles fast-food clam shells and other sustainable packaging material for the 21st century
of the food inside. We face a huge challenge in developing new packaging materials that protect food all through the supply chain
while being produced recyclable compostable with renewable energy or even edible Risch explained. Nature has set the standard
But along with other food packaging they account for about one-third of the 250 million pounds of solid waste that people in the United states produce annually.
Risch cites compostable plastic bottles food trays and cutlery as an example of the challenges that lie ahead.
and several companies are experimenting with food wraps made from dried fruit mushrooms nuts and other material.
and water that are needed typically for foods. Without that protection the packaged food won't be sustainable.
It will have a short shelf-life and spoil quickly. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Chemical Society (ACS.
That would severely impact consumers affecting the price of some of the healthiest and most desirable foods.
Council and the U s. Department of agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Chemical Society (ACS.
#Commercial baby foods dont meet infants weaning needsuk commercial baby foods don't meet infants'dietary weaning needs
because they are predominantly sweet foods that provide little extra nutritional goodness over breast milk indicates research published online in Archives of Disease in Childhood.
They wanted to find out what sort of products are available in the UK for weaning infants from a predominantly milk based diet to a family food based diet
and flavours to encourage them to accept different foods and to boost their energy and nutrient intake. UK government recommendations on weaning foods stipulate that these should be introduced gradually starting with cereals vegetables
and fruits followed by protein-rich foods and should not be started before six months in line with recommendations for exclusive breastfeeding until that time.
The authors therefore analysed the nutritional content of all infant foods intended for weaning and produced by four major UK manufacturers and two specialist suppliers between October 2010 and February 2011.
The products included ready-made soft wet foods powdered meals to be reconstituted with milk or water breakfast cereals and finger foods such as rusks.
The authors collected their information on the calorie density added salt and sugar and the protein iron calcium
Most (79%)of the 462 stand-alone products assessed were made ready spoonable foods almost half of which (44%;
Analysis of the 410 spoonable foods revealed that their energy content (282 kilojoules per 100 grams) was almost identical to that of breast milk (283kj/100g.
Around two thirds (65%)of the stand-alone products were sweet foods. Babies have an innate preference for sweet foods
which might explain why sweet ingredients feature so prominently in commercial products say the authors.
However repeated exposure to foods during infancy promotes acceptance and preferences they write and the inclusion of fruit sugars rather than refined sugars won't make any difference in terms of the risk of tooth decay they say.
The nutritional content of the shop-bought products was compared with that of typical family homemade foods commonly given to infants and toddlers.
The savoury ready-made spoonable foods generally had much lower nutrient density than typical homemade foods with the exception of iron content.
But it still means that 50g of a spoonable family food would probably supply the same amount of energy
They emphasise that the main point of weaning foods is to increase the energy content of the diet
Yet the most commonly used commercial foods considered in this study supply no more energy than breast
While it is understandable that parents may choose to use these products early in the weaning process health professionals should be aware that such food will not add to the nutrient density of a milk diet they conclude.
Collins'presentation was part of a two-day symposium called Polyphenolic Chemistry in Food Science: Flavor Color and Biofunctional Properties.
The international team is the first in the world to develop product-level emissions benchmarks for the food processing industry huge both in California
The levels of pharmaceuticals and personal care products that we found in food crops growing under real-world conditions were quite low and most likely do not pose any health concern said Jay Gan Ph d. who led the study.
because drought and water shortages in the American southwest and in other arid parts of the world are using water recycled from municipal sewage treatment plants to irrigate food crops as the only option Water from toilets
and environmental effects of those residual PPCPS especially over whether they might accumulate to dangerous levels in food crops.
Previous studies on PPCPS in food crops were small in scale and conducted in laboratories or greenhouses.
They pointed out that irrigation of food crops with treated wastewater is established a well practice in some desert countries.
The authors acknowledge funding from the U s. Department of agriculture's National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
#Purple sweet potatoes among new naturals for food and beverage colorsmention purple sweet potatoes black carrots or purple carrots and people think of dining on heirloom or boutique veggies.
The natural colors industry for foods and beverages is gaining in value as U s . and international companies move towards sustainable and affordable crop alternatives to synthetic red colors
In addition to adding eye appeal to foods and beverages natural colorings add natural plant-based antioxidant compounds that may have a beneficial effect on health.
PSP anthocyanins have proven to be among the best for food and beverage coloring he said citing fruit drinks vitamin waters ice cream and yogurt.
It takes about 2500 bugs to produce one ounce of cochineal extract used in ice creams yogurts candy beverages and other foods.
which could be used as animal feed in various food applications or as a raw material for biofuel production.
Such processes could encourage development of a domestic natural food coloring industry with agriculture spreads devoted specifically to growing foods for use in making food and beverage coloring.
Ecological theory suggests that these simplified landscapes should have more insect pest problems due to the lack of natural enemies and the increased size and connectivity of crop-food resources.
and the food supply for local people is being reduced. Globally however all ecosystems have a distinct function in world climate he said.
and that about 10%of world food is produced using wastewater. However according to the study there is little data to support such claims.
and assessing the potential of wastewater in food feed and fish production at different scales.
The research was supported by funding from the Energy Biosciences Institute and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project No.
Junguo Liu and colleagues point out that food waste is a global problem with an estimated one-third to one-half of food produced worldwide being lost
Estimates suggest that the United states wastes about 40 percent of food crops. The problem is especially acute in China.
and waste of food as a basis for developing policies that could help sustain the food supply in the future.
The overall loss meant the waste of an estimated 177 billion cubic yards of water used to produce food grown
Researchers from the University of Glasgow working in collaboration with the Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute and the Department of agriculture and Rural development Northern ireland sequenced the genomes of 147 M. bovis samples collected over a decade of outbreaks in Northern ireland.
Expanding access to healthful foods is an important step in reducing health disparities said Quandt. The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of a CSA program for low-income families in Forsyth County.
In an overall evaluation of the Farm Fresh Healthy Living program the participants reported positively on the variety of the produce provided the better flavor of the local produce compared with grocery store produce the chance to expose children to new foods as well as the chance to eat foods that were too expensive
This study shows that food from a CSA program has positive effects on recipient households said Quandt.
Mediterranean food is both delicious and nutritious and our systematic review shows it may help to protect the ageing brain by reducing the risk of dementia.
The Mediterranean diet a diet high in plant foods (e g. fruits nuts legumes and cereals) and fish with olive oil as the primary source of monounsaturated fat (MUSF) and low to moderate intake of wine as well as low intake of red meat poultry
and January 2004 who were followed up every nine months until 2010 completed a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire administered 33 months after baseline.
The fruits'glycemic index (a measure of how rapidly carbohydrates in a food boost blood sugar) did not prove to be a significant factor in determining a fruit's association with type 2 diabetes risk.
However in situations where food sources became scarce individuals capable of producing lactase as adults would be able to drink the milk of their animals increasing their chances of survival.
#oewith the world population set to exceed nine billion by the year 2050 improving the security of our food supply is crucial.
#Report proposes microbiologys grand challenge to help feed the worlda greater focus on the role of microbiology in agriculture combined with new technologies can help mitigate potential food shortages associated with world population increases according to a new report from the American Academy
Until now research has failed to show that food or diet can play any part in reducing the progression of osteoarthritis so
and other grass species. Sorghum is not only a food and feed cereal crop but also can be used as the basis of biofuel.
Its resistance to heat and water stress allows it to grow in poor dryland regions as a staple food resource for 500 million poor people in Africa
Overcoming the challenge of sustainably producing food for a world population of more than 7 billion
Hidden away up mountains in the tropics where they provide food for gorillas just as China's bamboos provide food for the Giant panda there are apparently only 2 species
and they had not been examined in very great detail except by the gorillas see image. It had been thought that they were very closely related to the hundreds of similar bamboos in Asia
#Toxic nanoparticles might be entering human food supplyover the last few years the use of nanomaterials for water treatment food packaging pesticides cosmetics
In a new study researchers at the University of Missouri have developed a reliable method for detecting silver nanoparticles in fresh produce and other food products.
More than 1000 products on the market are based nanotechnology products said Mengshi Lin associate professor of food science in the MU College of Agriculture Food and Natural resources.
and quantify these nanoparticles in food and food products and study their toxicity as soon as possible. Lin and his colleagues including MU scientists Azlin Mustapha
The growing trend to use other types of nanoparticles has revolutionized the food industry by enhancing flavors improving supplement delivery keeping food fresh longer
and brightening the colors of food. However researchers worry that the use of silver nanoparticles could harm the human body.
This study provides a promising approach for detecting the contamination of silver nanoparticles in food crops
Members of Lin's research team also included Zhong Zang a food science graduate student. The study was published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Missouri-Columbia. The original article was written by Diamond Dixon. Note:
Cow pats offer a prime food for a large number of organisms. In fact there are probably as many beetle species living in dung as there are bird species on this planet.
and crop yields helping global food supply keep pace with population growth. However this has come at a cost as they are detrimental to long-term soil health.
Based on these results the authors conclude that native fruits grown in sub-optimal conditions can confer similar nutritional benefits to apples which are considered among the most antioxidant-rich foods.
The maps allowed the team to estimate the location of each colony as well as how far each bumblebee travelled to find food.
For example reducing the distance that bumblebees have to fly to find food might increase their chances of survival into the next generation
Bumblebees are among the most important pollinators of many food crops and wild plants. The next stage of the research is to use mathematical models to produce a bees'eye view of the landscape.
and how these can be created against the backdrop of modern farming and the need for sustainable food production.
Their study appears in ACS'Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Eiichiro Fukusaki and colleagues point out that Kopi Luwak (Indonesian for civet coffee) is the world's costliest coffee often fetching $150-$200 per pound.
Wheat is the only major food plant not to have sequenced its genome. The genome of wheat is nearly three times the size of the human genome.
so fuel production won't drive up food costs. Lin's team used corn stalks and leaves but their ecosystem should also be able to process other agricultural byproducts and forestry waste.
When food was plentiful gemsbok specialised exclusively on grasses and more ephemeral succulent species. In contrast springboks fed on a higher proportion of shrubs and trees than grasses and succulent plants irrespective of environmental conditions.
As the researchers expected springbok opportunistically adjusted their diet in response to variation in food sources availabilities preferring e g. grass sprouts during the wet season and browsing predominantly on leaves of bushes when grass quality decreased during drought.
Springbok therefore adopted a different dietary strategy than gemsbok when facing a shortage of food sources.
Because global climate change increases drought periods and enhances desertification in Southern Africa it is crucial to understand how wildlife species respond to the impoverishment of their natural environments and the decline of their food sources.
#and so has global food production. As a result the use of pesticides and their effect on humans animals and plants have become more important.
when we pre-treated cancer cells with apigenin for 24 hours then applied the chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine for 36 hours said Elvira de Mejia a U of I professor of food chemistry and food toxicology.
According to Johnson the scientists'in vitro study in Molecular Nutrition and Food Research is the first to show that apigenin treatment can lead to an increase in interleukin 17s in pancreatic cells showing its potential relevance in anti-pancreatic cancer activity.
Pancreatic cancer patients would probably not be able to eat enough flavonoid-rich foods to raise blood plasma levels of the flavonoid to an effective level.
Additionally R. eurasiaticus could eat many different types of food according to the researchers. The fossil--particularly its dentition which reveals teeth designed for shearing plant matter--confirms a 2012 analysis of tooth types that suggested multituberculates consumed an animal-dominated diet for much of their existence later diversifying to a plant-dominated one.
but these crops occupy fertile soils needed for food and feed production. Fast growing plants such as poplar eucalyptus
These products are approved not by the Food and Drug Administration and this is concerning because it's impossible to know what you're really getting
The UEA research team adopted a system widely used in the food production industry known as Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points (HACCP)
which is used already in the food production industry could work very effectively as a precursor to more time-consuming quantitative data collection and biomedical testing.
The report in ACS'Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry attributes watermelon's effects to the amino acid L-citrulline.
and food production--results in greater increases in testosterone than does a directly competitive activity such as soccer.
and the environment testosterone levels are closely related to the availability of food energy. When young men skip even a single meal their testosterone levels can drop as much as 10 percent.
The body uses food energy for a number of critical processes. Among them are building muscle mass
When food energy is limited the body has to choose between one and the other. For populations in industrialized countries like the United states there isn't much of a tradeoff Trumble said.
--and use a lot more food energy--but also have to grow hunt or fish for the vast majority of the calories they consume the tradeoff is much greater.
Given the important of testosterone in supplying energy to muscles we wanted to look at how testosterone changes during another vital part of Tsimane life--food production.
not only for competition over mates but also for critical daily tasks such as food production. The paper's other co-authors include Hillard S. Kaplan and Daniel K. Cummings of the University of New mexico Albuquerque;
Potts says the National Research Council recommends that for people no more than 25 percent of calories should be added from sugar which means they don't count what's naturally in an apple banana potato or other nonprocessed food.#
They are highly competitive over food nesting sites and territories he says. This competition demands high performance from their bodies so
and sensitive test to screen the potential toxic substances that are being released into the environment or in our drugs or our food supply.
because bees play a pivotal role in crop pollination agricultural yields and therefore food supply and prices.
and that this food versus disease dilemma is a temporary stage on the road to greater prosperity.
and calorie-rich foods Jackson says. The University of Michigan study adds a new element in the fight to reduce childhood obesity by providing a real-world view of the gender differences in obesity risk factors.
and less fatty foods plus reducing time spent in front of computer and video game screens. Story Source:
and this new and widely abundant food source appears to be enhancing their reproduction. Data used in the study were collected by volunteers for Project Feederwatch a Cornell Lab of Ornithology and Bird Studies Canada project in
because the timing of their food--insect hatches greening plants for example--no longer coincides with their travel this can have serious consequences for their continued survival.
#Sleep deprivation linked to junk food cravingsa sleepless night makes us more likely to reach for doughnuts
or pizza than for whole grains and leafy green vegetables suggests a new study from UC Berkeley that examines the brain regions that control food choices.
Moreover the participants favored unhealthy snack and junk foods when they were sleep deprived. What we have discovered is that high-level brain regions required for complex judgments
Moreover he added high-calorie foods also became significantly more desirable when participants were sleep-deprived.
Previous studies have linked poor sleep to greater appetites particularly for sweet and salty foods but the latest findings provide a specific brain mechanism explaining why food choices change for the worse following a sleepless night Walker said.
These results shed light on how the brain becomes impaired by sleep deprivation leading to the selection of more unhealthy foods
and ultimately higher rates of obesity said Stephanie Greer a doctoral student in Walker's Sleep
Another co-author of the study is Andrea Goldstein also a doctoral student in Walker's lab. In this newest study researchers measured brain activity as participants viewed a series of 80 food images that ranged from high-to low-calorie
As an incentive they were given the food they most craved after the MRI scan. Food choices presented in the experiment ranged from fruits and vegetables such as strawberries apples and carrots to high-calorie burgers pizza and doughnuts.
The latter are examples of the more popular choices following a sleepless night. On a positive note Walker said the findings indicate that getting enough sleep is one factor that can help promote weight control by priming the brain mechanisms governing appropriate food choices.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of California-Berkeley. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
and Aquaculture the team has proven that a completely plant-based food combination can support fast-growing marine carnivores like cobia
As a result their food in captivity is made of a combination of fishmeal and fish oil and must be caught from the wild to feed them.
Fish meal was replaced with a food made of corn wheat and soy. Fish oil--expensive and scarce thanks in part to its popularity as a health supplement for people--was replaced with soybean
But they had had previously success using other food sources of myrosinase to boost broccoli's health benefits.
Until they do said she that consumers can spice up their frozen cooked broccoli with another food that contains myrosinase to bring the cancer-fighting super-food up to nutritional speed.
and biofuels to producing exclusively food for human consumption according to new research from the Institute on the Environment at the University of Minnesota.
Even a smaller partial shift from crop-intensive livestock such as feedlot beef to food animals such as chicken or pork could increase agricultural efficiency
and provide food for millions the study says. We essentially have uncovered an astoundingly abundant supply of food for a hungry world hidden in plain sight in the farmlands we already cultivate says graduate research assistant Emily Cassidy lead author of the paper published in Environmental Research Letters.
Depending on the extent to which farmers and consumers are willing to change current practices existing croplands could feed millions or even billions more people.
In addition crops are increasingly being used for biofuels rather than food production. This study sought to quantify the benefit to food security that would accrue
and fuel were reallocated to directly produce food for people. To get at that question Cassidy and colleagues first mapped the extent
The researchers emphasized that they are not making diet prescriptions or recommendations just pointing out opportunities for gains in food production.
and Management program in the University of Minnesota's College of Food Agriculture and Natural resource Sciences.
The researchers tested nearly 200 people for their sensitivity for ten different chemical compounds that are commonly found in foods.
and Richard Newcomb of Plant and Food Research in New zealand found that for four of the ten odors tested there was indeed a genetic association suggesting that differences in the genetic make-up determine
These smells are found in foods and drinks that people encounter every day such as tomatoes and apples.
Knowing the compounds that people can sense in foods as well as other products will have an influence on the development of future products.
Companies may wish to design foods that better target people based on their sensitivity essentially developing foods
Studies of food intake and cavities have focused mainly on the sugar or carbohydrate content. Fewer studies have looked at how combinations of food and the order in
which they are eaten may help fight cavities. Results from a previous study suggested that the last food item consumed exerts the greatest influence on subsequent plaque ph she said.
For example eating cheese after a sugary meal reduces acid production and consumers can modify their diet in such a way as to prevent the cavity-causing effects of sugary foods.
If understood and implemented properly food sequencing can be used as a public health educational tool to maintain
and preserve good oral health said Naval. Other contributors included Drs. Anne Koerber Larry Salzmann Indru Punwani and Bradford Johnson all of the dentistry faculty at UIC.
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