The large-animal model is the roadway to take this device from the bench top to the bedside.
More data from Wheeler's large animal trials will be essential to show the long-term viability of this procedure before it can be used to save the lives of other children born with this disorder.
and the implications of past outbreaks for predicting the future course of the current H7n9 epizootic an epidemic among animals are uncertain write the authors.
''Sustainability requires consideration of economic environmental and social priorities'added Dr Michael Appleby of the World Society for the Protection of Animals.'
Policies to achieve the right balance between animal and crop production will benefit animals people and the planet.'
'Agriculture is a potent sector for economic growth and rural development in many countries across Africa Asia and South america.
and animals bone tools animal bones and--perhaps most importantly--the richest deposits of charred plant remains ever recovered from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of the Near east.
Thomas Stocker are proposing a combination of six different specific global and regional climate targets in their work
According to researchers animals on organic farms should have supplemented their diets with natural sources of iodine such as seaweed
The concentration of nutrients in animal food products is linked to the diets of the animals reared.
while in organic farming animals depend on the mineral content in soil which may not be sufficient. For this reason researchers at the University of Santiago de compostela compared the mineral and toxic elements of organic and conventional milk taken from over thirty farms located in the northeast of the Iberian peninsula.
New Staph strains are emerging in people who have close contact with livestock animals and for this reason have been given the name livestock-associated Staph.
Many industrial livestock operations raise animals in large conferment buildings and use antibiotics including non-therapeutically in animals'feed
and water to promote their growth. Previous studies have detected strains of drug-resistant S. aureus from livestock first among farm workers and subsequently in hospital and community settings in Europe.
At industrial livestock operations animals are grown in large confinement buildings using antibiotics. At antibiotic-free livestock operations animals are grown without the use of antibiotics typically outdoors on pasture.
Researchers tested the S. aureus isolated from nose swabs for resistance to a range of antibiotics
In the Animal Frontiers paper Neumeier describes a recent experiment using biotechnologies. In the experiment a test group of cattle were treated with biotechnologies.
and teeth by open-air nuclear bomb tests the method reveals the year an animal died
and help us learn about fossil animals and how they lived says Cerling a distinguished professor of geology and geophysics and biology at the University of Utah.
--and thus absorbed by plants and animals in the food chain. The carbon-14 was formed in the atmosphere by U s. and Soviet atmospheric nuclear weapons tests in Nevada and Siberia from 1952 through 1962.
The researchers tested the accuracy of carbon-14 dating in 29 animal and plant tissues killed and collected on known dates from 1905 to 2008.
and from Misha an African elephant euthanized in 2008 due to declining health at Utah's Hogle Zoo in Salt lake city. The analysis revealed that various tissues that formed at the same time have the same carbon-14 levels
and that grasses and the animals eating them had the same levels. By determining carbon-14 in these samples of known dates the researchers now can measure carbon-14 levels in other ivory to determine its age within about a year.
The four oldest samples--from animals died between 1905 and 1953--had minimal carbon-14
Cerling says the method can determine the year of death for any animal killed after 1955 identifying the time of the most recent tissue formation--at the base of a tusk or tooth for example.
The method is less precise for animals killed more recently; it can tell if an animal died between 2010 and 2013 but not more precisely.
It takes about 5700 years for half of carbon-14 to decay radioactively. But the amount in Earth's atmosphere after the 1950s and 1960s bomb tests faded much more quickly
what prehistoric and modern animals ate over time especially when combined with existing isotope analysis of ratios of carbon-13 to carbon-12 in teeth--data that reveal
whether animals ate diets based on tree and shrub leaves and fruits or upon grasses and grazing animals.
and hair to fossil or modern elephants and other animals will help us improve the chronology of the diet history of an individual fossil
which prey on herbivorous insects but also caterpillars of the Egyptian cotton leafworm moth Spodoptera littoralis a species that feeds on maize leaves.
These volatile organic compounds are known to be attractive to parasitoid wasps that lay their eggs inside other insects killing them Plants appear to use this strategy to fight back against herbivorous insects by calling for their enemies'enemies.
In contrast herbivorous insects tend to avoid the herbivore-induced volatile organic compounds. Adult moths and butterflies avoid food plants that are under attack by conspecifics.
We're used to a situation where flora fauna and climate are matched reasonably well. In future this equilibrium will shift on an ongoing basis
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention West Nile virus is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in the United states. The virus is transmitted to humans and animals through the bite of an infected mosquito.
and some growers apply large quantities of numerous pesticides to deter a wide range of animals and insects from encroaching on their crops.
either directly consuming flavored rodenticides or by consuming prey that had ingested recently the poisons exposure may also predispose animals to dying from other causes.
By increasing the number of animals that die from supposedly natural causes these pesticides may be tipping the balance of recovery for fishers says Dr. Craig Thompson a PSW wildlife ecologist and the study's lead author.
and some growers apply large quantities of numerous pesticides to deter a wide range of animals and insects from encroaching on their crops.
either directly consuming flavored rodenticides or by consuming prey that had ingested recently the poisons exposure may also predispose animals to dying from other causes.
By increasing the number of animals that die from supposedly natural causes these pesticides may be tipping the balance of recovery for fishers says Dr. Craig Thompson a PSW wildlife ecologist and the study's lead author.
when there was an abundance of prey animals. Legal protection of an area followed by intensive management can reduce the level of human disturbance
This phenomenon is also apparent across a very diverse range of species in the animal kingdom.
Studies prove that the willingness of many animals to take risks increases or declines depending on
whether the animal is hungry or full. For example a predator only hunts more dangerous prey
The animals usually perceive even low quantities of carbon dioxide to be a sign of danger
Facing the prospect of food hungry animals are therefore significantly more willing to take risks than sated flies.
This nerve cell is crucial in triggering a flight response in hungry but not in fed animals.
In hungry animals however the nerve cells are in the mushroom body and the projection neuron
The results show that the innate flight response to carbon dioxide in fruit flies is controlled by two parallel neural circuits depending on how satiated the animals are.
Joseph Craine research assistant professor in the Division of Biology at Kansas State university examined how climate change during the next 50 years will affect grazing animals such as bison and cattle in the Great plains.
Bison are one of our most important conservation animals and hold a unique role in grasslands in North america Craine said.
The organizations kept annual records of each animal in the herd and matched the data with the climates of the sites.
Climate is likely to reduce the nutritional quality of grasses causing the animals to grow more slowly.
The researchers found that over the six-week study period liver damage more than doubled in the animals fed a high-fructose diet as compared to those in the control group.
Not surprisingly the animals allowed to eat as much as they wanted of the high-fructose diet gained 50 percent more weight than the control group.
Was it because the animals got fat from eating too much or was it something else?
These intriguing new findings are part of a broad effort in contemporary neuroscience to determine how the brain easily the most complex organ in any animal manages to make a mass of raw sensory data intelligible to the individual
if these signals were really informative to the animal's learning and memory with regard to smell Turner says.
Cities, farms reroute animals seeking cooler climesin spite of considerable human development the southeastern United states region could provide some of the Western hemisphere's more heavily used thoroughfares for mammals birds
The basin stretching across seven South american countries could have the greatest animal movements up to 17 times the average across the hemisphere.
The high northern latitudes also show pronounced species movements not because of animals currently found there
but because of an expected influx of species. While previous studies mapped where animals need to move to find climates that suit them this is the first broad-scale study to also consider how animals might travel
and amphibians the scientists included in their study nearly half of all such animals in the Western hemisphere.
We took into account that many animals aren't just going to be able to head directly to areas with climates that suit them Lawler said.
Some animals particularly small mammals and amphibians are going to have to avoid highways agricultural development and the like.
Many of the animals moving southward through central Argentina will be funneled by agriculture and development through the more intact parts of the Gran Chaco region and into the Sierras de CÃ rdoba and the Andes mountains.
In other places barriers may need to be breached for animals to disperse successfully. Southeastern Brazil for instance has lots of species that need to move
and spiders--herbivores and predators in the study's food chain--and how it affects the movement of carbon through a grassland ecosystem.
and an herbivore grasshopper and some others that had plants and herbivores along with a carnivore spider species--all three tiers of the food chain.
which allowed the team to track the carbon levels by periodically taking leaf root and dead animal samples.
and by 1. 2 more times than when no animals were present. It was revealed also that the pattern of carbon storage in the plants changed
when both herbivores and carnivores were present. The grasshoppers apparently were afraid of being eaten by the spiders
when both herbivores and carnivores were present. In cases where only herbivores were present the plants stored less carbon overall likely due to the more intense eating habits of the herbivores that put pressure on plants to reduce their storage
and breathe out carbon more. These stress impacts then caused both the plants and the herbivores to change their behaviors and change the composition of their local environment.
This has significance for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. Although the study was carried out on a small scale it could inform practices done in much larger areas.
Places such as the Alaskan wilderness for example are home to animals that have the same predator
It's going to force some thinking about the vital roles of animals in regulating carbon concludes Dr. Schmitz pointing to the fact that the UN's body of scientific experts who study climate change don't consider these multiplier effects in their models.
Prior research has linked BPA in both animals and humans to obesity and the metabolic syndrome which is a cluster of metabolic risk factors that increase the chance of later developing diabetes heart disease and stroke.
All female offspring then were divided into four groups of nine to 12 animals each:(1) non-BPA-exposed controls that received a normal diet (2) BPA-exposed offspring that received a normal diet (3) overfed obese controls and (4) overfed obese BPA-exposed offspring.
Seven months later the researchers collected samples of the animals'visceral and subcutaneous fat tissues to evaluate levels of two biological markers of inflammation.
and animals from decomposing so each year another layer gets added to the reservoirs of organic carbon sequestered just beneath the topsoil.
A study of 350 moose killed in seven municipalities in Southeast Norway revealed that the coats of all the animals were infested with keds
Whitebark pine seeds are an essential food source for many animals in mountain habitats. The Clark's nutcracker a mountain bird can store up to 100000 seeds in underground caches each year.
and water we turned to large-scale industrial animal production systems and put high environmental pressure on land soils and biodiversity Krausmann points out.
of grains grasses and meat and dairy from grazing animals. In four new studies of carbon isotopes in fossilized tooth enamel from scores of human ancestors and baboons in Africa from 4 million to 10000 years ago a team of two dozen researchers found a surprise
and sedges--that grazing animals discovered a long time before about 10 million years ago when African savanna began expanding Cerling says.
when human ancestors began getting much of their grass by eating grass-eating insects or meat from grazing animals.
if they were pure herbivores or carnivores if they were eating fish which leave a tooth signal that looks like grass-eating
if they were eating insects or if they were eating mixes of all of these. Why Our Ancestor's Diets Matterthe earliest human ancestor to consume substantial amounts of grassy foods from dry more open savannas may signal a major and ecological and adaptive divergence from the last common ancestor we shared with African great apes
Animals eating C4 and CAM plants have enriched amounts of carbon-13. C3 plants include trees bushes and shrubs and their leaves and fruits;
and meat animals fed on C4 grasses and grains Cerling says. The highest human C3 diets today are found in Northern europe where only C3 cool-season grasses grow so meat animals there graze them not C4 tropical grasses.
The highest C4 diets likely are in Central america because of the heavily corn-based diet. If early humans ate grass-eating insects
or large grazing animals like zebras wildebeest and buffalo it also would appear they ate C4 grasses.
Both species went extinct perhaps due to competition from hooved grazing animals. Modern Theropithecus gelada baboons live in Ethiopia's highlands where they eat only C3 cool-season grasses.
females to plants that have yet been spared by herbivorous caterpillars. Copyright: Anna Spã¤the MPI Chem.
10.7554/elife. 00421) Green leaf odorsplants have developed many different strategies to defend themselves against herbivorous animals particularly insects.
In addition to mechanical defenses such as thorns and spines plants also produce compounds that keep insects and other herbivores at bay by acting as repellents or toxins.
or repelling herbivores and indirect protection by attracting predators of the herbivores themselves. Attracting the enemies of the herbivoresthe hawkmoth Manduca sexta lays its eggs on various plants including tobacco and Sacred Datura plants (Datura wrightii.
Once the eggs have hatched into caterpillars they start eating the leaves of their host plant
Species of animals that are more vocal in their expression like macaques parrots or the zebra finch used in the Jove article are unique as they provide a landscape for scientists to study song acquisition storage and regurgitation.
and study in laboratories than other vocal animals like apes. By utilizing a high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging apparatus (fmri) Dr. Van der Linden
Until recently fmri in small animals was focused mainly on rats and to a lesser extent on mice Dr. Van der Linden explains.
For example they are able to see how language acquisition may be different between animals raised in isolation
and animals raised socially or between genetically modified songbirds and naturally occurring ones. Results of these trials will allow researchers to gain insight into genetic and social components of behavior bringing insight to the Nature vs.
and provide greater insight into both animal and human cognition. Proud to be included in this significant new section Dr. Van der Linden says MRI imaging techniques should in the near future lead to major conceptual advances in the study of how the brain changes behavior
and if these young seedlings grow fast enough to escape from herbivores then woodlands can expand. With our analysis of satellite data we could now assess how general this response is.
Animals acquire different bacteria as they age but how the microbial communities in the bodies of wild animals change over time is understood not well.
Wouter Van dongen and colleagues at the Vetmeduni Vienna have examined the gastrointestinal bacteria of chick and adult black-legged kittiwakes.
As the animals mature the number of bacterial species decreases. Particular groups of bacteria that stay ultimately form a stable community.
and stages of milk production from the fertilizer used to grow the animal's feed to waste disposal of packaging after consumer use.
The largest contributors were feed production enteric methane--gas emitted by the animal itself --and manure management.
Long periods of drought and increasingly warmer climate (as predicted by climate model projections for South america) could be particularly harmful to tropical tree populations that depend on animals to disperse their seeds.
About 80 percent of the entire Atlantic rainforest biome remains in small fragments according to the researchers and the successful restoration of these habitats critically depends on the preservation of mutualistic interactions between animals and plants.
because previous research in animals had linked changes in gut flora to changes in affective behaviors.
and those fatty acids are deposited into the fat of the animal said Hans-Henrik Stein study co-author
and domesticated plants and animals constitutes a fundamental threat to the well-being and even the survival of humankind warns the founding Chair of a new global organization created to narrow the gulf between leading international biodiversity scientists and national policy-makers.
When a breed population falls to about 1000 animals it is considered rare and endangered. Causes of genetic erosion in domestic animals are the lack of appreciation of the value of indigenous breeds
The decline in the diversity of crops and animals is occurring in tandem with the need to sharply increase world food production
and Animal Cell biology has revealed that the historical transformation of part of its original habitat rather than bioclimatic reasons could be responsible for this distribution.
The authors note that their study does not consider the value of land cover as habitat for wild fauna and flora.
A day later three uninfected ferrets were placed inside cages with the infected animals and another three uninfected ferrets were placed in cages nearby.
and lethargy but none of the infected animals became seriously ill. The research was supported in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases part of the National institutes of health.
Rivers of wildebeests zebra and Thompson's gazelles--more than 2 million all told--cross the landscape in one of the largest animal migrations on the planet.
#Top 10 new species of 2012an amazing glow-in-the-dark cockroach a harp-shaped carnivorous sponge
and animals is difficult. It requires finding an equilibrium between certain criteria and the special insights revealed by selection committee members said Antonio Valdecasas a biologist and research zoologist with Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales in Madrid Spain.
A spectacular large harp-or lyre-shaped carnivorous sponge discovered in deep water (averaging 3399 meters) from the northeast Pacific ocean off the coast of California.
Living vertebrates--animals that have a backbone or spinal column--range in size from this tiny new species of frog as small as 7 millimeters to the blue whale measuring 25.8 meters.
Luminescence among terrestrial animals is rather rare and best known among several groups of beetles--fireflies
and animals exist and where. Until we know what species already exist it is folly to expect we will make the right decisions to assure the best possible outcome for the pending biodiversity crisis. Additionally the announcement is made on or near May 23 to honor Linnaeus.
and animals nearly two million species have been named described and classified. Excluding unknown millions of microbes scientists estimate there are between 10 and 12 million living species Story Source:
Treatment of animals with GNVS seemed to cause less adverse effects than treatment with drugs encapsulated in synthetic lipids.
Most predictions that tropical cold-blooded animals especially forest lizards will be hard hit by climate change are based on global-scale measurements of environmental temperatures
which miss much of the fine-scale variation in temperature that individual animals experience on the ground said the article's lead author Michael Logan a Ph d. student in ecology and evolutionary biology.
and number of animals. The researchers also determined that contrary to some previous suggestions grazing does not reduce cheatgrass abundance.
and associated wildlife that had evolved with little herbivore pressure. Cheatgrass displaces native grasses and wildlife can increase fire frequency
The clues lie in the genome of the carnivorous bladderwort plant Utricularia gibba. The U. gibba genome is the smallest ever to be sequenced from a complex multicellular plant.
Specifically the archaeological record at KJS shows that hominins acquired an abundance of nutritious animal remains through a combination of both hunting and scavenging behaviors.
These animals are represented well at the site by most or all of their bones from the tops of their head to the tips of their hooves indicating to researchers that they were transported to the site as whole carcasses.
Without the shade provided by eastern hemlock stream temperatures could rise threatening aquatic animals like eastern brook trout that require cold water for survival.
The loss of eastern hemlock will not only affect the animal and plant communities in riparian habitats but ecosystem function throughout these areas.
Even so half the animals that had consumed tomato and soy had no cancerous lesions in the prostate at study's End all mice in the control group--no soy no tomato--developed the disease said John Erdman a U of I professor of food science and nutrition.
From the time they were 4 to 18 weeks old the animals were fed one of four diets:(
and an electronic nose can detect which substances the animals recognise then we could diagnose the disease earlier
despite low risk from these animals said lead author Sasha Gennet. Check the back of your bag of spinach
Fallow strips along streams and rivers provide corridors for migrating animals and birds. This is an area that is already 95 percent altered--the habitat that remains is said critical Gennet.
and other big animals moving between the high country of the Diablo Range and coastal Big sur mountains that flank the valley.
Its leaves are valued also a resource to feed animals and are used as a traditional pharmacopoeia.
The fig is an important food source for both humans and animals in both fresh and dried form.
studies revealresearchers at Lincoln Park Zoo and Northern Illinois University have discovered a new culprit contributing to amphibian decline and altered mammal distribution throughout the Midwest region--the invasive plant European
and affects habitat use by mammals including increased prevalence of coyotes and other carnivores. Amphibians are facing an extinction crisis worldwide with 165 species likely having gone extinct in recent years according to the Amphibian Ark a coalition of conservationists devoted to seeking solutions to the decline.
Lincoln Park Zoo Reintroduction Biologist Allison Sacerdote-Velat Ph d. and Northern Illinois University Professor of Biological sciences Richard King have identified European buckthorn as a contributor to amphibian
Additionally new research from the zoo's Urban Wildlife Institute reveals how the presence of the invasive shrub in forest preserves and natural areas correlates to increased prevalence of carnivores.
Previous research by Ken Schmidt of Texas Tech University and Chris Whelan of Illinois Natural history Survey documented that these carnivores can prey more easily on native bird eggs
and attracts some carnivore species. We now know that there are significantly more coyotes raccoons and opossums in buckthorn invaded areas and significantly fewer white-tailed deer.
Magle hypothesizes that the carnivores could be drawn to buckthorn areas because birds and their nests are easier to prey upon.
The above story is provided based on materials by Lincoln Park Zoo. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
While we've made a lot of progress in understanding the ecological consequences to animals that are exposed unintentionally to insecticides the evolutionary consequences are understood poorly said study principal investigator Rick Relyea Pitt professor of biological sciences and director of the University's Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology.
which may make it harder for animals to be exposed resistant when to different herbicides over many years.
and determine whether increased resistance occurs in additional animal species that are not the targets of pesticides.
instead traditional ranching techniques in the African savanna enhance the local abundance of wild native animals.
This project simply demonstrates that traditional corralling techniques in Kenya leave a landscape-scale legacy that can bolster local abundances of native plants and animals.
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