#Obama's Finally Serious About Climate Changepresident Obama promised to make meaningful progress on the issue of climate change in the State of the Union Address last night.
You know Neanderthal is documented to be an independent bunch living in groups of 10 with larger brains than modern humans.
but apparently the drinkers'brains thought they detected a difference according to Betina Piqueras-Fiszman a researcher at the Polytechnic University of Valencia in Spain.
while the brain spinal cord and nerve trunks together account for 2700. And what lurks in the hearts of men?
According to Stuart Sumida a biologist at California State university at San bernardino who served as a consultant on Guardians of the Galaxy an alien advanced enough to master space travel would need to have a large brain.
If you have a big brain you need a way to protect it Sumida says.
But even with prominent brains bones and dexterous appendages there s no reason to assume that distant species would look like slight variations of us.
At other points it s a naturally occurring hiccup like the X-Gene that allowed superhumans to manipulate brain waves or magnetic fields.
I hope in a few days to get my brains in order and then I will pick out all your orchid letters
he s using electrodes to record the activity of neurons in insects brains. He links them to a flight-simulation system and presents them with visual stimuli picture of a predator for instance hat cause them to react.
We can begin to learn how neurons in the brain are processing information in flight and how sensory information is transformed into action Dickinson says.
In a new study from the University of Queensland's Queensland Brain Institute researchers have found that the very useful (and adorable) waggle dance
And beyond giving a better understanding of how honey bees find their way the study may also help to shed more light on how the tiny bee brain works. w
The scientists used imaging techniques to visualize the activity in certain areas of the flies brains
In vivo calcium imaging of the flies brains stimulated with citrus enabled the researchers to identify the corresponding odorant receptor.
Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that sends messages to the part of the brain that controls movement and coordination.
The new results show how brains do not solve problems'in a vacuum'but in interaction with the environment.
So a little brain with simple rules goes a long way if you let it interact with the environment.
#Neurons in face recognition center respond differently in autistic brainin what are believed to be the first studies of their kind Cedars-Sinai researchers recording the real-time firing of individual nerve cells in the brain found that a specific type of neuron in a structure called the amygdala
Autism spectrum disorder and autism are general terms for a group of complex disorders of brain development that affect social interactions communication skills and behaviors.
or are they the result of processing abnormalities elsewhere in the brain? There are many questions yet to be answered
but it is the only way to explore what is happening in the brain at the very instant a person thinks.
A collaboration of neuroscientists and neurosurgeons allows these rare opportunities to be used to advance knowledge of how the brain works.
The autism study was made possible by patients being treated for epilepsy who underwent surgery to have implanted depth electrodes in their brains to monitor seizure-related electrical activity.
This provides a unique opportunity to record activity from the amygdala a brain structure that is important for the processing of emotions
and in real time single cells in the brain reacting when a subject mentally processes a visual image.
In one they recorded the activity of single neurons as patients'brains processed cues from facial expressions.
when memory-related neurons fire in a coordinated way with certain brain waves the resulting image recognition
Synapsin almost exclusively occurs in nerve cells in the brain. Parts of the gene can
The pig with the human gene SYN1 can presumably also be used for research into the development of the brain and nervous system in the fetus.
now they are imprinted in your brain. Basic psychological research has shown already that the psychological mechanism behind this repetition effect is the easiness with
Repeatedly perceived information is easier to process for the brain which saves capacity and thus feels positive.
During inner speech the brain attempts to utter the novel name. When names are presented repeatedly this articulation simulation is trained
It s a bit like the plant s brain#says Singh.##oealthough in the past scientists have identified it as the pathway that regulates the way a variety of genes are expressed until now no one had made the link with PHS.#
New research by neuroscientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) published in The Journal of Neuroscience reveals a set of cells in the fruit fly brain that respond specifically to food odors.
Dr. Zhong and I wanted to find the part of the brain that might be responsible for these types of behavior.
Is there somewhere in the brain that deals with food odors in particular? How does brain activity change
Can we manipulate such a brain area and change behavior? When Beshel and Zhong examined the response of neurons expressing a peptide called dnpf to a range of odors they saw that they only responded to food odors.
The more general idea is that there are areas in the brain that might be involved specifically in saying:'
'The activity of neurons in other areas in the brain might only take note of what something isis it apple?
In the operation the source of Vandyke's seizures--a lesion on her right medial temporal lobe--was destroyed with heat generated by light from a thin laser-tipped probe inserted into her brain through a tiny hole in her skull
which involves removing part of the skull cutting through healthy brain matter and physically removing the problem tissue followed by a weeklong hospital stay and prolonged recovery period.
which abnormal electrical impulses in the brain affect a variety of mental and physical functions.
and nutritious and our systematic review shows it may help to protect the ageing brain by reducing the risk of dementia.
Experiments have shown that continuous flash suppression interrupts sight so thoroughly that there are no signals in the brain to suggest the invisible objects are perceived even implicitly.
Unless they can tell us they saw it there's nothing to suggest the brain was taking it in at all Lupyan says.
and reach potentially sensitive sites such as the spleen brain liver and heart. The growing trend to use other types of nanoparticles has revolutionized the food industry by enhancing flavors improving supplement delivery keeping food fresh longer
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) UC Berkeley researchers scanned the brains of 23 healthy young adults first after a normal night's sleep and next after a sleepless night.
They found impaired activity in the sleep-deprived brain's frontal lobe which governs complex decision-making
but increased activity in deeper brain centers that respond to rewards. Moreover the participants favored unhealthy snack and junk foods when they were sleep deprived.
while more primal brain structures that control motivation and desire are amplified said Matthew walker a UC Berkeley professor of psychology and neuroscience and senior author of the study published Aug 6 in the journal Nature Communications.
but the latest findings provide a specific brain mechanism explaining why food choices change for the worse following a sleepless night Walker said.
These results shed light on how the brain becomes impaired by sleep deprivation leading to the selection of more unhealthy foods
On a positive note Walker said the findings indicate that getting enough sleep is one factor that can help promote weight control by priming the brain mechanisms governing appropriate food choices.
When they bind a chemical compound drifting through the air the nerve cell sends an impulse to the brain leading ultimately to the perception of a smell.
We observed changes in areas of the brain responsible for decision making and habit formation. The team is now exploring epigenetics as a potential cause.
Likewise the team is exploring markers of inflammation in the brain since omega-3 deficiencies causes an increase of omega-6 fats which are proinflammatory molecules in the brain and other tissues.
It's remarkable that a relatively common dietary change can have said generational effects Moghaddam. It indicates that our diet does not merely affect us in the short-term
The team also included from the National institutes of health Stanley Rapoport senior investigator and chief of the brain physiology and metabolism unit;
This may be very important in kids where brains are developing. Coaching style also had a major influence on factors such as the types of drills used in practice
Your brain can't work if you're not consuming enough calories and in general that's not a problem explained Krista Casazza Ph d. R. D. assistant professor in the Department of Nutrition Sciences.
#Parasites change bees brains, but not their behaviorhoney bees Apis mellifera) infected with the parasitic mite Varroa destructor
and in their brains finds research in Biomed Central's open access journal BMC Ecology.
Parasitization caused changes in the levels of active genes in the brains of infected bees.
However very few studies have analyzed the impact of parasites on bee phenotypes e g. brain and behavior.
We found that parasitized bees were attacked not by their nestmates suggesting that they leave the hive voluntarily perhaps in response to the changes in gene expression in their brains.
#Live from the hens egglike a contortionist twisted the chick is lying in its eggshell brain eyes and beak visible in levels of grey.
We have focused on the brain and the vitreous body of the eye as bright and distinctive identifying features.
Experiments conducted on the fruit fly Drosophila by scientists at the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology in Martinsried have shown that hunger not only modifies behaviour but also changes pathways in the brain.
Neurobiologists in Martinsried have discovered now how the brain deals with this constant conflict in deciding between a hazardous substance and a potential food source taking advantage of the fly as a great genetic model organism for circuit neuroscience.
But how does the brain manage to decide between these options? Avoiding carbon dioxide is an innate behaviour
and should therefore be generated outside the mushroom body in the fly's brain: previously the nerve cells in the mushroom body were linked only with learning
'but will use brain centres to gauge internal and external signals and reach a balanced decision explains Grunwald-Kadow.
and hunger affect the processing systems in the brain she adds. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Max-Planck-Gesellschaft.
How does the brain recognize that apples and oranges are different? A group of neuroscientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) has published new research that provides some answers.
In the fruit fly the ability to distinguish smells lies in a region of the brain called the mushroom body (MB.
These intriguing new findings are part of a broad effort in contemporary neuroscience to determine how the brain easily the most complex organ in any animal manages to make a mass of raw sensory data intelligible to the individual
and visualize individual neurons in the insect brain. Kenyon cells receive sensory inputs from organs that perceive smell taste sight and sound.
Kenyon cells make up only about 4%of the entire fly brain and are extremely sensitive to inputs triggered by odors in
But in contrast to other regions of the brain such as the vertebrate hippocampus the sensory responses in the MB are few in number and relatively weak.
Ultimately he and colleagues hope to be able to relate their findings in the fly brain with the operation of the brain in mammals.
This is yet more evidence for the need to protect the vulnerable developing brain from effects of environmental contaminants both before
Although we've known that meditation can reduce anxiety we hadn't identified the specific brain mechanisms involved in relieving anxiety in healthy individuals said Fadel Zeidan Ph d. postdoctoral research fellow in neurobiology
In this study we were able to see which areas of the brain were activated and which were deactivated during meditation-related anxiety relief.
Both before and after meditation training the study participants'brain activity was examined using a special type of imaging--arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging--that is very effective at imaging brain processes such as meditation.
In addition anxiety reports were measured before and after brain scanning. The majority of study participants reported decreases in anxiety.
The study revealed that meditation-related anxiety relief is associated with activation of the anterior cingulate cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex areas of the brain involved with executive-level function.
During meditation there was more activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex the area of the brain that controls worrying.
The results of this neuroimaging experiment complement that body of knowledge by showing the brain mechanisms associated with meditation-related anxiety relief in healthy people he said.
He notes that changes in diet have been linked to both larger brain size and the advent of upright walking in human ancestors roughly 4 million years ago.
If diet has anything to do with the evolution of larger brain size and intelligence then we are considering a diet that is very different than we were thinking about 15 years ago
Neurobiological studies of the moth brain revealed that E-and Z-odors lead to different activation patterns.
and her colleagues can image the brains of live birds in a noninvasive environment. MRI is used widely with human beings
Thus far songbird brains have been studied using electrophysiological and histological techniques. However these approaches do not provide a global view of the brain
and do not allow repeated long-term developmental measurements. Using the songbird model and MRI as an in vivo tool allows us to answer many questions related to learning language and neuroendocrinological plasticity.
Proud to be included in this significant new section Dr. Van der Linden says MRI imaging techniques should in the near future lead to major conceptual advances in the study of how the brain changes behavior
and how behavior changes the brain both in health and disease. These advances will be due mainly to the inherent capacity of fmri for repeated measures over longitudinal studies.
and the detection of novelty in vertebrates also kicks into high gear in the brains of honey bees
Activity of this gene called Egr quickly increases in a region of the brain known as the mushroom bodies
This discovery gives us an important lead in figuring out how honey bees are able to navigate so well with such a tiny brain said Gene Robinson a professor of entomology
#Changing gut bacteria through diet affects brain functionucla researchers now have the first evidence that bacteria ingested in food can affect brain function in humans.
and Gerald Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and the Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center at UCLA appears in the June edition of the peer-reviewed journal Gastroenterology.
or microbiota in the gut can affect the brain carries significant implications for future research that could point the way toward dietary
Our findings indicate that some of the contents of yogurt may actually change the way our brain responds to the environment.
Researchers have known that the brain sends signals to the gut which is why stress and other emotions can contribute to gastrointestinal symptoms.
Our study shows that the gut-brain connection is a two-way street.##The small study involved 36 women between the ages of 18 and 55.
and after the four-week study period looked at the women's brains in a state of rest and in response to an emotion-recognition task in
Further in response to the task these women had a decrease in the engagement of a widespread network in the brain that includes emotion-cognition-and sensory-related areas.
During the resting brain scan the women consuming probiotics showed greater connectivity between a key brainstem region known as the periaqueductal grey and cognition-associated areas of the prefrontal cortex.
The researchers were surprised to find that the brain effects could be seen in many areas including those involved in sensory processing
The knowledge that signals are sent from the intestine to the brain and that they can be modulated by a dietary change is likely to lead to an expansion of research aimed at finding new strategies to prevent
The UCLA researchers are seeking to pinpoint particular chemicals produced by gut bacteria that may be triggering the signals to the brain.
which correlate with changes in brain response. Meanwhile Mayer notes that other researchers are studying the potential benefits of certain probiotics in yogurts on mood symptoms such as anxiety.
By demonstrating the brain effects of probiotics the study also raises the question of whether repeated courses of antibiotics can affect the brain as some have speculated.
Antibiotics are used extensively in neonatal intensive care units and in childhood respiratory tract infections and such suppression of the normal microbiota may have longterm consequences on brain development.
Finally as the complexity of the gut flora and its effect on the brain is understood better researchers may find ways to manipulate the intestinal contents to treat chronic pain conditions
or other brain related diseases including potentially Parkinson's disease Alzheimer's disease and autism. Answers will be easier to come by in the near future as the declining cost of profiling a person's microbiota renders such tests more routine Mayer said.
The study was funded by Danone Research. Mayer has served on the company's scientific advisory board. Three of the study authors (Denis Guyonnet Sophie Legrain-Raspaud and Beatrice Trotin) are employed by Danone Research
Beginning around two million years ago early stone toolmaking humans known scientifically as Oldowan hominin started to exhibit a number of physiological and ecological adaptations that required greater daily energy expenditures including an increase in brain
and scavenging behaviors-cornerstone adaptations that likely facilitated brain expansion in human evolution movement of hominins out of Africa and into Eurasia as well as important shifts in our social behavior anatomy and physiology
and hyenas were unable to break them open to access their nutrient-rich brains. Tool-wielding hominins at KJS on the other hand could access this tissue
and consuming the brains. This is important because it provides the earliest archaeological evidence of this type of resource transport behavior in the human lineage.
but symptoms are treated with medications and procedures such as deep brain stimulation. Previous studies have found that cigarette smoking and other forms of tobacco also a Solanaceae plant reduced relative risk of Parkinson's disease.
or if people who develop Parkinson's disease are simply less apt to use tobacco because of differences in the brain that occur early in the disease process long before diagnosis. For the present population-based study Dr. Susan Searles Nielsen
Pesticides not adequately testedconnolly exposed bee brains to these pesticides and organo-based pesticides andreported that the nerves spun into hyperactivity
Mood can have a huge influence on how the brain processes information. In humans for example it's well known that people in positive moods have an optimistic outlook on life
To evaluate the protective effects of berries on brain function specifically the ability of the brain to clear toxic accumulation researchers from the Human Nutrition Research center on Aging at Tufts University
and then looked at their brains after irradiation a model for accelerated aging. All of the rats were fed berries 2 months prior to radiation
The researchers looked at neurochemical changes in the brain in particular what is known as autophagy which can regulate the synthesis degradation and recycling of cellular components.
which the brain clears toxic accumulations. Most diseases of the brain such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's have shown an increased amount of toxic protein Berries seem to promote autophagy the brain's natural housekeeping mechanism thereby reducing the toxic accumulation said Poulose.
The researchers are currently conducting a human study in older people ages 60-75. We have a lot of animal work that suggests these compounds will protect the aged brain and reverse some of behavioral deficits.
We are hoping it will translate to human studies as well said Dr. Barbara Shukitt-Hale the lead investigator conducting the human study.
and research student Michael Yartsev of the Weizmann Institute's Neurobiology Department published today in Science reveals for the first time how three-dimensional volumetric space is perceived in mammalian brains.
These have found for instance that orientation relies on place cells--neurons located in the hippocampus a part of the brain involved in memory especially spatial memory.
Ulanovsky in cooperation with a US commercial company created a wireless lightweight (12 g about 7%of the weight of the bat) device containing electrodes that measure the activity of individual neurons in the bat's brain.
Measuring the activity of hippocampus neurons in the bats'brains revealed that the representation of three-dimensional space is similar to that in two dimensions:
Does the brain perceive the three dimensions of space as equal that is does it sense the height axis in the same way as that of length or width?
The findings provide new insights into some basic functions of the brain: navigation spatial memory and spatial perception.
To a large extent this is due to the development of innovative technology that allowed the first glimpse into the brain of a flying animal.
Scientists then used high-tech magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices to peer into the rats'brains seeking differences in activity between the rats-on-chips and the rats-on-chow.
which send a pleasing message to the brain according to the team. In the study while rats also were fed the same mixture of fat
and carbohydrates found in the chips the animals'brains reacted much more positively to the chips.
Hoch explained that the team mapped the rats'brains using Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) to monitor brain activity.
and addiction centers in the brain recorded the most activity. But the food intake sleep activity and motion areas also were stimulated significantly differently by eating the potato chips.
Since chips and other foods affect the reward center in the brain an explanation of why some people do not like snacks is that possibly the extent to
which the brain reward system is activated in different individuals can vary depending on individual taste preferences according to Hoch.
If scientists can pinpoint the molecular triggers in snacks that stimulate the reward center in the brain it may be possible to develop drugs
albeit rather unpopular foods like Brussels sprouts to affect the rewards center in the brain positively.
#Spring cleaning in your brains stem cells? Deep inside your brain a legion of stem cells lies ready to turn into new brain
and nerve cells whenever and wherever you need them most. While they wait they keep themselves in a state of perpetual readiness--poised to become any type of nerve cell you might need as your cells age
The findings may help explain why aging brains and nervous systems are more prone to disease
when healthy volunteers are injected with psilocybin the drug switched off a front part of the brain called the anterior cingulate cortex
We found that even in normal people the more that part of the brain was switched off under the influence of the drug the better they felt two weeks later.
So there was a relationship between that transient switching off of the brain circuit and their subsequent mood he will explain.
you want to switch off that overactive part of the brain. The other thing we discovered is that the major site of action of the magic mushrooms is to turn down a circuit in the brain called the'default mode network
'which the anterior cingulate cortex is part of. The default mode network is a part of the brain between the front and back.
It is active when you are thinking about you; it coordinates the thinking and emotional aspects of you.
The researchers discovered that the'default mode network'had the highest density of 5ht2a receptors in the brain.
while sea cauliflower tends to be smaller stiffer brain-like and dark brown; the researchers turned to microscopy
Despite their tiny brains bees are smart enough to pick out the most attractive flowers by watching other bees and learning from their behaviour.
which occurs when a clot blocks a blood vessel to the brain. Three assessed hemorrhagic stroke
which occurs when a blood vessel bleeds into the brain or on its surface. Findings from the observational studies were combined
The researchers found that the pesticides used in the research at levels shown to occur in the wild could interfere with the learning circuits in the bee's brain.
and his team investigated the impact on bees'brains of two common pesticides: pesticides used on crops called neonicotinoid pesticides
The intact bees'brains were exposed to pesticides in the lab at levels predicted to occur following exposure in the wild
They found that both types of pesticide target the same area of the bee brain involved in learning causing a loss of function.
The study is the first to show that these pesticides have a direct impact on pollinator brain physiology.
Together the researchers expressed concerns about the use of pesticides that target the same area of the brain of insects and the potential risk of toxicity to non-target insects.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011