or desserts oatmeal is a good source of soluble fiber niacin folate and potassium. Black or kidney beans--These beans are a good source of niacin folate magnesium omega-3 fatty acids calcium and soluble fiber.
Walnuts and almonds--Both walnuts and almonds contain omega-3 fatty acids Vitamin e magnesium fiber and heart-favorable mono-and polyunsaturated fats.
Berries--Blueberries cranberries raspberries and strawberries are a good source of beta carotene and lutein polyphenols Vitamin c folate potassium and fiber.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Loyola University Health System. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
and store carbon from the atmosphere and thereby counteract climate change caused by human carbon emissions.
Jack Juvik a U of I crop sciences researcher explained that the combined application of two compounds both are extracted natural products from plants increased the presence of cancer-fighting agents in broccoli
and dramatically increase the abundance of those helpful anticancer compounds Meja also reduces the shelf life after harvest he said.
So the researchers tried using the recently developed compound 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) which has been shown to interfere with receptor proteins in the plant that are receptor-sensitive to ethylene.
They applied the compound after harvesting the same broccoli that had already been treated with Meja before harvest.
Ethylene will move and bind to ethylene receptors and that binding process initiates decay. What this compound does is that it more competitively lands on the protein
and binds to or pushes out ethylene Juvik explained. It basically stops or dramatically slows down the decay associated with ethylene.
Like Meja 1-MCP is also a nontoxic compound naturally produced in plants although Juvik said synthetic forms can be produced.
and 1-MCP treatments required very small amounts of the compounds. It's very cheap
He said the effects should be similar for a related compound 24-D. The general consensus is that the effects of the increased use of these herbicides are going to be said variable Egan.
and 24-D on their fields more often in the near future because biotechnology companies are introducing crops genetically modified to resist those chemicals.
Blood and urine samples were collected over a period of 10 weeks to measure serum protein and amoxicillin concentrations.
The protein concentrations helped indicate levels of kidney damage while the amoxicillin levels helped to demonstrate how much of the antibiotic was absorbed for therapeutic purpose.
This indicates the important role of external cues in shaping the molecular processes that regulate behavior.
Before now breeding for resistance to Yellow (Tan) Spot and Septoria Nodorum Blotch was very time-consuming--no molecular markers were in use.
The key has been to supply breeders with specific proteins (we call them effectors) that the fungi use to cause disease.
Professor Oliver said this research had never been done before as direct mapping for disease resistance had led not to useful molecular markers.
#Cows milk protein measurement standard expanded for greater consumer protection, harmonized tradeidf and ISO have joined forces to expand the scope of an international standard used worldwide in the dairy industry to measure the protein content of cow's milk.
The Kjeldahl method now encompasses milk from other species as well as internationally traded dairy products covered by Codex standards.
In addition to liquid bovine whole milk the method can now be applied to bovine milk with reduced fat content goat whole milk sheep whole milk cheese dried milk
and dried milk products including milk-based infant formulae milk protein concentrate whey protein concentrate casein and caseinate Dr. Jaap Evers Chair of the IDF Methods Standards Steering Group explained.
The next step is to submit the revised Kjeldahl method for endorsement to Codex alimentarius. One of the major benefits of international adoption of the revised method is that it will result in greater harmonization of protein analysis across the globe thereby minimizing the risk
The research offers new perspective on evolutionary biology microbiology and the production of natural gas and may shed light on climate change agriculture and human health.
Methane is the main component of natural gas and a potent greenhouse gas. This innovative work demonstrates the importance of a new global regulatory system in methanogens said William Whitman a professor of microbiology at the University of Georgia who is familiar with the study
Methanogens play a key role in carbon cycling. When plants die some of their biomass is trapped in areas that are devoid of oxygen such as the bottom of lakes.
The same process allows natural gas production from agricultural residues a renewable resource. Methanogens also play an important role in agriculture
They found that the protein thioredoxin which plays a major role in contemporary photosynthesis could repair many of the organism's proteins damaged by oxygen.
and distribution over hosts involved investigating 484'18s rrna genes'the fragments of RNA responsible for protein synthesis.'Our most important discovery is that ciliates are extremely diverse'says evolution biologist Johannes Hackstein.'
The research is detailed online in a new paper in the American Chemical Society journal Analytical Chemistry.
In Rice's experiments samples were prepared with a commercial chemical kit that releases all the DNA and RNA in the small amount of stool tested.
and fish has more evidence for reducing cardiovascular risk than strategies that focus exclusively on reduced dietary fat.
Early investigations of the relationship between food and heart disease linked high levels of serum cholesterol to increased intake of saturated fat and subsequently an increased rate of coronary heart disease.
This led to the American Heart Association's recommendation to limit fat intake to less than 30%of daily calories saturated fat to 10%and cholesterol to less than 300 mg per day.
Nearly all clinical trials in the 1960s 70s and 80s compared usual diets to those characterized by low total fat low saturated fat low dietary cholesterol
and increased polyunsaturated fats says study co-author James E. Dalen MD MPH Weil Foundation and University of Arizona College of Medicine.
and saturated fat and encourages intake of monounsaturated fats found in nuts and olive oil. In particular the diet emphasizes consumption of vegetables fruit legumes whole grains and fish.
what is consumed as well as what is excluded is more effective in preventing cardiovascular disease than low fat low cholesterol diets.
The researchers then calculated the likely amount of carbon to be pulled out of the atmosphere through weathering
and carbon feedback after Earth's cooling 45 million years ago when great mountain ranges like the Andes and The himalayas were formed first.
The paper suggests that mountainous regions may play a particularly important role in drawing carbon out of the atmosphere
%Scientists at the University of Cambridge found that in fact higher consumption of low-fat fermented dairy products which include all yoghurt varieties
Dairy products are an important source of high quality protein vitamins and minerals. However they are also a source of saturated fat
which dietary guidelines currently advise people not to consume in high quantities instead recommending they replace these with lower fat options Previous studies on links between dairy product consumption (high fat
or low fat) and diabetes had inconclusive findings. Thus the nature of the association between dairy product intake and type 2 diabetes remains unclear prompting the authors to carry out this new investigation using much more detailed assessment of dairy product consumption than was done in past research.
The research was based on the large EPIC-Norfolk study which includes more than 25000 men and women living in Norfolk UK.
While this type of study cannot prove that eating dairy products causes the reduced diabetes risk dairy products do contain beneficial constituents such as Vitamin d calcium and magnesium.
and a special form of Vitamin k (part of the menaquinone family) associated with fermentation. The authors acknowledge the limitations of dietary research which relies on asking people
therefore helps to provide robust evidence that consumption of low-fat fermented dairy products largely driven by yoghurt intake is associated with a decreased risk of developing future type 2 diabetes.
and low-fat fermented dairy products that could be good for our health. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Diabetologia.
To demonstrate the utility of the protocol Avanesyan successfully amplified the DNA of a noncoding region of a plant chloroplast gene
#Forest emissions, wildfires explain why ancient Earth was so hotthe release of volatile organic compounds from Earth's forests
The research provides evidence that dynamic atmospheric chemistry played an important role in past warm climates underscoring the complexity of climate change and the relevance of natural components according to the authors.
& Environmental Studies (F&es) calculated that concentrations of tropospheric ozone aerosol particles and methane during the mid-Pliocene epoch were twice the levels observed in the preindustrial era--largely
Those reactive compounds altered Earth's radiation balance contributing a net global warming as much as two to three times greater than the effect of carbon dioxide according to the study published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.
and the role of forests in climate protection strategies said Unger an assistant professor of atmospheric chemistry at F&es.
The traditional view she said is that forests affect climate through carbon storage and by altering the color of the planet's surface
The answer might be found in highly reactive compounds that existed long before humans lived on the planet Unger says.
Terrestrial vegetation naturally emits vast quantities of volatile organic compounds for instance. These are critical precursors for organic aerosols and ozone a potent greenhouse gas.
Wildfires meanwhile are a major source of black carbon and primary organic carbon. Forest cover was vastly greater during the Pliocene a period marked not just by warmer temperatures
but also by greater precipitation At the time most of the arid and semiarid regions of Africa Australia and the Arabian peninsula were covered with savanna and grassland.
Using the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Model-E2 global Earth system model the researchers were able to simulate the terrestrial ecosystem emissions and atmospheric chemical composition of the Pliocene and the preindustrial era.
Previous studies have dismissed such feedbacks suggesting that these compounds would have had limited impact since they would have been washed from the atmosphere by frequent rainfall in the warmer climate.
The new study argues otherwise saying that the particles lingered about the same length of time--one to two weeks--in the Pliocene atmosphere compared to the preindustrial.
and aerosol particles right back she said. Reducing and preventing the accumulation of fossil-fuel CO2 is the only way to ensure a safe climate future now.
and took into account chemical and physical variations in the soil. However the importance of Swedish and Canadian soil biota for growth remained the same regardless of how all of these other factors were altered.
#Herbicides may not be sole cause of declining plant diversitythe increasing use of chemical herbicides is blamed often for the declining plant biodiversity in farms.
and Chemistry said that over the past several decades in the same time that the use of herbicides was on the rise other factors such as the simplification of crop rotations segregation of crop
There are many good reasons to reduce agriculture's reliance on chemical weed control. But for the objective of plant species conservation other strategies like preserving farmland habitats including woodlots pastures
The expansive project has involved everything from research to better understand specific health benefits of whole grains to exploration of new ways to get products high in their healthy compounds onto the market.
and organic fertilisers with minimal chemical pesticides'said Dr Turnbull.''There are also regional differences in farming practices
Award in Molecular Toxicology (T32es015457. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of California Los angeles (UCLA) Health Sciences.
Patrick Jantz Scott Goetz and Nadine Laporte describe their findings in an article entitled Carbon stock corridors to mitigate climate change
while also providing opportunities for climate change mitigation in the form of carbon sequestration and avoiding emissions from deforestation.
The team used a high-resolution data set of vegetation carbon stock (VCS) to map 16257 corridors through areas of the highest biomass between 5600 protected areas in the tropics.
which forests contain significant carbon stocks and are important for tropical biodiversity. Part of the study focused on the Legal Amazon where the team used economic and biological information combining species richness
Rethinking roboticslee a sophomore who plans to major in chemistry spent his high school years building everything from a robot that can balance on a beam to a robotic arm that can throw a ball.
studies showa large body of literature has shown that genetically-modified plants that produce proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to protect themselves from insect pests have little to no effect on a wide range of nontarget insects.
and Orius insidiosus researchers used caterpillars that were known to be resistant to Bt proteins and fed them Bt maize and Bt cotton.
This research demonstrates that the current Bt proteins used in corn and cotton crops globally do not harm Geocoris punctipes
By using caterpillars resistant to the Bt proteins in this study we were able to remove any'host quality effects'that might have led to spurious misinterpretation of the results.
This work demonstrated that the caterpillars consumed the Bt proteins and the predators consumed the Bt proteins
when they fed on the caterpillars but they did not suffer any harm even over multiple generations.
when it ingested another Bt protein. For this study resistant caterpillars were fed Bt broccoli and then exposed to Heterorhabditis bacteriophora a beneficial nematode that preys on insects.
and time of emergence of the nematodes that consumed Bt-fed caterpillars were affected not significantly compared to nematodes that did not ingest the Bt protein.
which a nematode predator has been tested in such detail against a Bt protein Dr. Shelton said.
But sufficient nitrogen--an integral part of protein and chloroplast structure and function in plants--is essential for plant growth and development.
or chemical quality including sugar content and acidity. Additionally reduced nitrogen application did not affect nutritional quality components of the pepper fruit such as beta-carotene
The study published today in the journal Science is the first to show how pathogens switch from targeting one species to another through changes at the molecular level.
'For the first time we have found a direct molecular mechanism underpinning the change in host specialisation'said Dr van der Hoorn.'
and engineers to know as they work on technologies beyond standard photovoltaic devices that gobble light to drive chemical reactions or next-generation electronics.
The work was reported recently in the American Chemical Society journal ACS Nano. We've looked at this process on a single-particle level said lead author Hoggard.
Instead of looking at a device that has many junctions we've looked at one particle at a time.
We had to measure a lot of particles to get good statistics. Dark-field scattering and photoluminescence spectroscopy of more than 200 nanoparticles helped them determine that it takes about 160 femtoseconds (quadrillionths of a second) for an electron to transfer from the particle to highly conducting graphene the single-atom-thick form of carbon.
Plasmons are the collective excitation of free electrons in metals that when stimulated by an energy source like sunlight
or a laser set up a harmonic oscillation of the surface charges similar to waves. In the process they scatter light that can be read by a spectrometer which captures
The homogeneous line width obtained via single-particle spectroscopy is a measure of the range of wavelengths that resonantly excite a surface plasmon.
The position and the width of the peak can give us information about the particle itself
or as catalysts where these electrons can do chemistry. It would be fascinating if we could use this process as a source of hot electrons for catalysis
and also as an analytical tool for observing such plasmon-enabled reactions. That's the big picture.
research scientist Wei-Shun Chang and Pulickel Ajayan the Benjamin M. and Mary Greenwood Anderson Professor in Mechanical engineering and Materials Science and of chemistry and chair of Rice's Department of Materials
Link is an associate professor of chemistry and of electrical and computer engineering. The Robert A. Welch Foundation the National Science Foundation the Army Research Office and the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund supported the research.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Rice university. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
#Scientists unveil molecular mechanism that controls plant growth, developmenta joint study published in Cell by the teams headed by Miquel Coll at the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)
At the molecular level the hormone serves to unblock a transcription factor a DNA BINDING-PROTEIN protein which in turn activates
For this purpose the scientists prepared crystals of complexes of DNA and ARF proteins obtained by Dolf Weijers team in Wageningen
and play a critical role in storing atmospheric carbon says Dr. William Hoffmann associate professor of plant
Climate modelers examining atmospheric carbon dioxide levels use these types of models to make projections on carbon storage
#Contradictory nutrition news creates consumer confusionexposure to conflicting news about the health benefits of certain foods vitamins
and vitamins or other supplements. More than 71 percent of people surveyed said that they heard moderate or high levels of contradictory information about nutrition.
The global phosphorus cycle is besides nitrogen also increasingly growing out of balance with carbon the subject of another recent paper by the same group of researchers and a new European Research Council grant for continued research by IIASA
The change in the stoichiometry of nitrogen and carbon from rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations relative to phosphorus has no equivalent in Earth's history
In a study published online today in JAMA Neurology Rutgers scientists discuss their findings in which levels of DDE the chemical compound left
Rutgers scientists--the first to link a specific chemical compound to Alzheimer's disease--believe that research into how DDT
because the chemical can take decades to breakdown in the environment. In addition people may be exposed to the pesticide by consuming imported fruits vegetables
and DDE increased the amount of a protein associated with plaques believed to be a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease.
These sticky amyloid proteins--which may form in regions of the brain involved in memory learning
and how the chemical compound interacts with the Apoe4 gene Richardson says. Although the exact cause of Alzheimer's disease--with five million Americans suffering now and millions more expected to fall prey with the graying of the Baby boom Generation--is known not scientists believe that late-onset Alzheimer's may be linked to a combination of genetic environmental and lifestyle factors.
or inactive chemical commonly used as a pesticide additive--is highly toxic to honeybee larvae.
The researchers also investigated the effects of NMP on honeybee larvae by adding seven concentrations of the chemical to a pollen-derived royal jelly diet.
The team fed their treated diet containing various types and concentrations of chemicals to the laboratory-raised bee larvae.
The bulk of synthetic organic chemicals used and released into U s. environments are formulation ingredients like NMP
Multi-billion pounds of these inactive ingredients overwhelm the total chemical burden from the active pesticide drug
The drug targets a protein CD133 found on cancer stem cells of some brain tumors and other cancers.
Immune system cells called dendritic cells will be derived from each patient's blood combined with commercially prepared glioblastoma proteins
By being loaded with specific protein fragments of CD133 the dendritic cells become trained to recognize the antigen as a target
if only because it's so rich in lipids Pauli says. Having this highly-digestible high-fat algae could be an important input that makes the difference
Besides reducing pollutants in the air these buffers can protect water quality store carbon cool urban heat islands
and the bioinformatics analysis. The outstanding work lays an important foundation for molecular breeding of water buffalo and sheds new light on the understanding of its origin and domestication process.
There are 21550 protein coding genes found in total. Researchers compared buffalo genome with other mammals'such as cattle horse panda pig
Based on biomass and chemical analyses four dominant factors were identified: soil P soil N foliar P and seedling age.
The team also found that the percent fat and protein in milk did not differ between cows that gestated a son
or daughter so the quality of milk was the same. However because the quantity was greater after gestating a daughter the total amount of milk fat
and protein after gestating a daughter were higher than after gestating a son. Standardized husbandry in the dairy industry combined with systematic milking procedures detailed record-keeping
and large sample sizes made the dairy cow a powerful model for the exploration of milk synthesis. The study was derived from all lactation records from 1995 to 1999 in a database managed by Dairy Records Management Systems
which transfers thermal energy through the vibrations of neighboring atoms and molecules. Most people assume that fur
Further the products of these reactions are transported to the oceans in rivers where they ultimately form carbonate rocks like limestone that lock away carbon on the seafloor for millions of years preventing it from forming carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
and assess how they were broken down and weathered by the fungi associated with the roots of the trees. â#As reported in Biogeosciences the researchers found that low atmospheric CO2Â acts as a â#carbon starvationâ##brake.
because low CO2Â reduces plantsâ##ability to perform photosynthesis meaning less carbon-energy is supplied to the roots and their fungi.
The Lund University research team used a type of mouse that easily stores fat and therefore can be regarded as a model for humans who are overweight and at risk of diabetes.
and levels of fat in the liver were also lower than those of the animals who received a high-fat diet without any berries.
and higher levels of fat in the liver said Karin Berger diabetes researcher at Lund University.
They will now continue to work on understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the effect of the lingonberries.
#Humans can use smell to detect levels of dietary fatnew research from the Monell Center reveals humans can use the sense of smell to detect dietary fat in food.
and discriminate minute differences in the fat content of our food suggests that this ability must have had considerable evolutionary importance.
As the most calorically dense nutrient fat has been desired a energy source across much of human evolution.
As such it would have been advantageous to be able to detect sources of fat in food
Although scientists know that humans use sensory cues to detect fat it still remains unclear
While previous research had determined that humans could use the sense of smell to detect high levels of pure fat in the form of fatty acids it was known not
whether it was possible to detect fat in a more realistic setting such as food. In the current study reported in the open access journal PLOS ONE the researchers asked
and differentiate the amount of fat in a commonly consumed food product milk. To do this they asked healthy subjects to smell milk containing an amount of fat that might be encountered in a typical milk product:
either 0. 125 percent 1. 4 percent or 2. 7 percent fat. The milk samples were presented to blindfolded subjects in three vials.
Two of the vials contained milk with the same percent of fat while the third contained milk with a different fat concentration.
In all three experiments participants could use the sense of smell to discriminate different levels of fat in the milk.
We now need to identify the odor molecules that allow people to detect and differentiate differentiate levels of fat.
Fat molecules typically are not airborne meaning that they are unlikely to be sensed by sniffing food samples said lead author Sanne Boesveldt Phd a sensory neuroscientist.
We will need sophisticated chemical analyses to sniff out the signal. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Monell Chemical Senses Center.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. Journal Reference n
#Image or reality? Leaf research needs photos, lab analysisevery picture tells a story but the story digital photos tell about how forests respond to climate change could be incomplete according to new research.
and tested them in the lab. In spring they measured levels of chlorophyll the molecule that helps leaves photosynthesize--turn light into energy
If you don't get it right Yang says you might miss a lot of the carbon absorption. The news wasn't all bad for the cameras however.
methanerice University scientists have created a highly sensitive portable sensor to test the air for the most damaging greenhouse gases.
That allows for far better detection of gases than more common lasers that operate in the near-infrared.
The technique called quartz-enhanced photoacoustic absorption spectroscopy (QEPAS) invented at Rice by Tittel Professor Robert Curl
The Rice team's device was detailed this month in the Royal Society of Chemistry journal Analyst.
Methane and nitrous oxide are both significant greenhouse gases emitted from human activities Tittel said. Methane is emitted by natural sources such as wetlands and human activities such as leakage from natural gas systems and the raising of livestock.
Human activities such as agriculture fossil fuel combustion wastewater management and industrial processes are increasing the amount of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere.
and is far better able to detect trace amounts of gas than lasers used in the past.
When light at a specific wavelength is absorbed by the gas of interest localized heating of the molecules leads to a temperature
and pressure increase in the gas. If the incident light intensity is modulated then the temperature
That signal is proportional to the gas concentration. The unit can detect the presence of methane
This was a milestone for trace-gas sensing Ren said. Now we're trying to minimize the size of the whole system.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011