Synopsis: Chemistry & chemical compounds: Organic compounds:


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and was linked to an unhealthy buildup of fat in the liver. Raspberry ketone: Oz has called raspberry ketones the No. 1 miracle fat-burner.


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because the algae they consume are loaded with beta carotene an organic chemical that contains a reddish-orange pigment.


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#Are saturated Fats as Bad as We Have been led to Believe?(Op-Ed) This article was published originally at The Conversation.

A US heart researcher looks set to inflame an argument over saturated fats. It has long been a health mantra that too much saturated fat like cheese

and butter contributes to higher cholesterol and an increased risk of heart disease. But an editorial published in Open Heart suggests that saturated fats aren t as bad as we have been led to believe.

Author James Dinicolantonio a cardiovascular research scientist at Saint luke s Mid America Heart Institute argues that the association between the high proportion of fat in total consumed calories

and an increased risk of degenerative heart disease was based on selective data from the 1950s that overstated the risk.

And the recommendations that it led to that we lower our intake of saturated fat and cholesterol and increase carbohydrate has given rise to the surging obesity.

when saturated fat was replaced with polyunsaturated fat. In other words saturated fat many not increase your risk (as the study found)

but substituting with a better fat could lower it. Sullivan said a Mediterranean style diet recommended by Dinicolantonio was most definitely a low saturated fat diet.#

This article rubbishes the relationship with saturated fat and CVD misrepresents the scientific evidence and then goes on to put the blame on sugar.#


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Olive oil's unsaturated fat reacts with certain compounds in vegetables to form a third compound that can reduce blood pressure the researchers found.

The Mediterranean diet includes unsaturated fats found in olive oil fish and nuts as well as vegetables like spinach celery and carrots that are rich in nitrogen compounds.

Despite being high in fats which might increase the risk of heart disease the Mediterranean diet seems to prevent heart disease the researchers said.

This may be because fats are eaten together with green leafy vegetables and result in producing nitro fatty acids they said.


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Tough growing conditions and rising demand are leading some coffee producers to mix in wheat soybean brown sugar rye barley acai seeds corn twigs and even dirt.


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The bears like to feast on high-protein seeds from whitebark pine cones in the fall to fatten up before hibernation time


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fruit veggies grains protein and dairy. But when researchers studied lunches from over 600 third and fourth graders the results showed that none of the home-packed lunches contained servings from all of the food groups.

but it's also a great source of many other vitamins and minerals such as Vitamin a iron and potassium.

Oranges are known also for their Vitamin c content and can satisfy the requirement for one serving of fruit.

and more than double the recommended daily value of Vitamin c. Healthy Bites appears weekly on Live Science.


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At a global level we get 20%of our calories and protein from wheat. Growing demand and limited agricultural land means that the only way to increase the amount of food we can produce is more crops per unit area of land.


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Original Cheerios used to provide 25 percent of the daily value of riboflavin or Vitamin b2 per serving according to the trade publication Food Navigator.

Non-GMO Grape Nuts lack Vitamin a Vitamin d Vitamin b12 and Vitamin b2. The companies declined to explain the vitamin loss to Food Navigator

but the reason likely has to do with the difficulty of sourcing vitamins from non-genetically modified sources.

Genetically modified organisms have been altered through genetic engineering to promote certain traits such as drought resistance in corn or herbicide resistance in rice.

Vitamins are tough to certify as GMO-free however according to Food Navigator. They may be manufactured from genetically modified organisms


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When carbs are processed key nutrients are stripped from the grain including antioxidants B vitamins and iron all of

To stay at an optimal sperm count men should be of a healthy weight keep folate levels high stop smoking

Seafood is the best source for these kinds of essential fats and there are many seafood types that do not contain a lot of mercury.


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On the other hand choosing more healthful sources of protein in place of red meat can confer significant health benefits by reducing chronic disease morbidity and mortality.


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or other microorganisms and then ferment it until fats formed. Combining these fats with hydrogen would create complex hydrocarbons

which are similar to traditional jet fuels. When mixed with kerosene theses hydrocarbons can be burned in jet engines.


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These pairs form sequences called genes that tell cells how to make proteins. It's a huge genome.


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what's required for other sources of commonly eaten protein like pork and poultry the researchers found.


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These proteins help the tree grow normally even under stressful conditions like drought and high temperatures and promote cell division that makes the bark grow thicker.

Bad cork trees have fewer of these shock proteins but they have more genes that produce huge amounts of phenolic compounds UV-absorbing chemicals that collect inside the bark.


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For most mammals the sweet-taste receptor that responds to sugars in plant-based carbohydrates is made up of two proteins:

and mushrooms is made up of the proteins T1r1 and T1r3. But after the chicken genome was sequenced in 2004 researchers noticed the birds lacked the gene that encodes T1r2 a crucial component of the sweet-taste receptor.

and cheetahs true carnivores that also don't have a taste for sweets#they found these species still have a nonfunctional pseudogene (a nonfunctional gene that's lost its protein-coding powers) for the sweet-taste receptor.

The researchers then tested how the taste-receptor proteins produced by these genes reacted to different flavors in a cell culture.


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and aid in the final stages of digestion including water absorption and the fermentation of fibers and vitamin absorption particularly vitamins K B1 B2 B7 and B12.


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when our bodies produce allergic antibodies to the proteins in tree and grass pollens. The antibodies then sit in the immune cells we have on all surfaces of our bodies in contact with the outside.

When more pollen is inhaled the proteins then cause these antibodies to burst and release histamine.


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If you must have bread choose breads with at least 3 grams of protein and 3 grams of fiber.

The protein will help keep you feeling satisfied longer and the fiber will slow glucose digestion. 9 Snack foods:


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It happens because the immune system recognizes a similarity between proteins in some pollens and those in fruits vegetables nuts and spices.


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This chemical forms from isoprene a volatile organic compound that trees can give off when temperatures are hot.


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The frozen treat contains less fat and less air and is served at a higher temperature than conventional ice cream lending it a more intense concentrated flavor.

but may contain up to 2-percent butterfat giving it a slightly more gelato-like creaminess.


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which contain gelatin a protein obtained from animal byproducts. Vegans also stay away from food items that were processed using animal products.

because some refineries use bone char (incinerated animal bones) as a filter to whiten cane sugar.


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I call the unholy trinity) not how healthy (how much Vitamin a etc.).In short it can be hard to trust the food industry.

because they are fortified with vitamins. Indeed the program's sponsors Kraft Unilever and other big players benefited from having most of their products getting that Check in 2009 they voluntarily halted the program that they voluntarily started after the FDA issued a statement saying it was analyzing the misleading food labels.

The healthy elements of this product such as its low fat or sugar content do not make this product healthy.

Because in the end the amount of Vitamin a in Lucky Charms however prominently displayed and clearly explained may just not matter.


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#What Is Whey Protein? Whey protein is a popular diet supplement among people of all ages.

Baby formulas include it as do nutrition shakes for the elderly. Weight-loss supplements contain whey powder as an appetite suppressor yet young men buy whey protein powder by the gallon in hopes of building muscle mass.

Much of whey protein's appeal is in its texture. Whey is the liquid left behind

when milk is turned to cheese. The protein in whey is one of the two main proteins in milk the other is called a protein casein.

When an acidic substance such as vinegar is mixed into milk these two proteins will separate--the casein proteins glob together to form solids called curds leaving the whey as a liquid.

Whey protein may show up in your favorite baked goods or ice cream as a way to replace the consistency of fat without the actual fat.

Like all proteins whey protein is made of building blocks called amino acids. Protein in the body is used primarily for muscle growth

and to repair tissues. When people digest food they break down the proteins into amino acids and then use those amino acids to build new proteins.

Body builders prize whey protein as a good source of the amino acids leucine isoleucine and valine.

Together these amino acids make up the BCAAS (3-branched chain amino acids) that are important in building muscle.

There are nine essential amino acids that humans must get from food to survive and thrive. In addition to BCAAS whey protein also contains all the essential amino acids.

Early studies have linked whey protein supplements with a stronger immune system and athletic endurance. But whey protein supplements are touted as a way to increase energy fight stress

and improve mental focus. Very early studies indicate whey protein may have a role in the body's cancer-fighting abilities.

Whey protein is said also to help control blood sugar lower cholesterol treat asthma and possibly prevent allergies.

Do whey protein supplements work? Whey protein supplements can certainly provide high-quality protein in the diet.

But most health organizations including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend getting your protein from food

and not supplements if given the choice. Meat poultry fish legumes tofu eggs nuts seeds and milk are all good sources of the essential amino acids people need.

Early studies have shown taking whey protein supplements before or after exercise can improve muscle strength lean-muscle growth and immunity.

One study of 387 U s. Marines put protein supplements to test during basic training. At the end of 54 days the protein-supplemented group showed stronger immune systems with 33 percent fewer medical visits than the Marines given a placebo or a carbohydrate and fat supplement.

Marines taking the protein supplements also experienced less muscle soreness and had 28 percent fewer medical visits for muscle and joint problems.

The members of the group taking protein supplements were also less likely to visit doctors for infections during the study published in 2003 in the Journal of Applied Physiology.

Among other protein supplements small studies show whey protein may have an edge at increasing muscle mass.

In one study researchers at the Human Performance Laboratory at the University of Connecticut divided 63 men and women into groups receiving a soy supplement a whey supplement or a carbohydrate supplement.

Over the course of a nine-month training regimen researchers found that those taking whey protein gained several more kilograms of muscle mass than people taking the other supplements according to the 2013 article published in the Journal of the American

College of Nutrition. But the timing of taking whey protein supplements can change how effective they are.

A 2009 joint statement by the American Dietetic Association (ADA) Dietitians of Canada (DC) and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) noted that eating protein during exercise did little to improve athletic performance.

The statement recommended eating a low-fat high-carb snack that is moderate in protein content before exercise to make fuel available to the muscles.

Protein digested after exercise provides the amino acids the body needs to repair and build new muscles.

Eating whey protein right after exercise could be especially useful because whey protein has a high level of leucine an easily absorbed amino acid according to Joslin Diabetes Center.

Many of whey protein's purported health benefits are linked to a powerful antioxidant called glutathione.

People with HIV liver disease diabetes and various cancers can all develop low glutathione levels in the body.

The body can make its own glutathione from the amino acid cysteine and whey happens to be high in cysteine.

Studies confirm eating whey protein increases the levels of glutathione in the body. However there is only preliminary evidence investigating

whether whey protein has a meaningful effect on the health of people with conditions linked to low glutathione.

Small studies done in people show whey protein may have a modest effect on asthma symptoms inflammation after stroke and some liver conditions by indirectly increasing glutathione levels.

Animal studies show whey protein supplements fed to rats can prevent inflammation and early signs of complications from obesity and diabetes according to a 2012 review published in the journal Lipids in Health and Disease.

The review also found promising evidence that whey protein can trigger the release of hormones that make people feel full

and very preliminary evidence that whey protein may help lower high blood pressure. Whey protein also shows a potential for lowering blood sugar.

A study of 14 people with type 2 diabetes found that combining whey protein with a high-sugar meal increased people's insulin production

and quelled the expected blood sugar spike following the meal. The study was published i 2005 in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

Are whey protein supplements safe? The safety of whey protein supplements depends largely on the dose.

Most Americans eat twice the protein they need according to the National institutes of health (NIH. Excess protein of any kind will be stored as fat in the body

and can increase the risk of dehydration. Too much protein may also increase a person's risk for calcium loss

and osteoporosis. That's because acids are released into the bloodstream when protein is digested and the body uses calcium to neutralize these acids.

It is possible that the extra calcium needed will be leeched from bones according to the NIH. However studies are inconclusive on this point.

Some research shows high-protein diets are correlated with more fractures but other research has found people with high-protein diets have increased bone density according to the Harvard School of Public health.

Athletes can safely eat more protein than people who are not physically active. In fact an athlete who does not get enough protein will sustain some muscle damage

and take longer to recover. The average person needs 0. 8 grams of protein a day per every kilogram of body weight.

This translates to about 50 to 65 grams of protein a day or roughly 4 ounces of meat and 1 cup of cottage cheese.

On the other hand an athlete may need 1. 2 grams or even up to 2. 0 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight a day according to various statements by the American Dietetic Association the American College of Sports Medicine and the International Society of Sports Nutrition.

Because whey is a dairy product people with milk allergies should avoid whey protein. People who are lactose intolerant should also take caution.

Different whey protein powders can vary in calories and fat and lactose content. Whey protein isolate is 90 percent protein

and contains little to no fat cholesterol or lactose. But whey protein concentrate can have 29 to 90 percent protein

and as the proportion of protein goes down the fat and lactose content in a whey protein supplement increases.

Protein supplements of any kind may cause additional strain on the kidneys if a person has a kidney condition.

Most supplements on the market haven't caused problems but there is less oversight of supplements sold in the United states than of prescription drugs.

In their joint statement the American Dietetic Association and the American College of Sports Medicine noted some cases of protein supplements also containing anabolic steroids.

One 2010 experiment by Consumer Reports tested 15 protein drinks purchased online or from stores in the New york metro area.

The study found three products that would exceed the daily limit of arsenic cadmium and mercury set by the U s. Pharmacopeial Convention

if a person consumed more than the three recommended servings. Whey protein may also interact with some medications.

Whey protein supplements can decrease the effectiveness of the Parkinson's drug levodopa. Whey protein supplements may also reduce how much of the osteoporosis drug alendronate is absorbed by the body making the medicine less effective.

Whey protein supplements may reduce the effectiveness of quinolone and tetracycline antibiotics. People with diabetes may experience changes in blood sugar when taking protein supplements.

It is best to talk to your doctor about your athletic goals and personal needs before starting protein supplements.

Overall the International Society of Sports Nutrition considered a short-term regimen of whey protein supplements safe for most healthy adults.

Follow Live Science@livescience Facebook & Google+.


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#Missing Link? Mississippi Floods, and a Great City Disappears The mysterious abandonment of one of North america's first big cities may be linked to a massive Mississippi river flood 800 years ago a new study finds.

In the bottom of an oxbow lake next to Cahokia Ill. which was the most powerful and populous city north of Mexico in A d. 1200 lie the buried remains of a flood that likely destroyed the crops and houses of more than 15000 people.

Researchers investigating pollen records of Cahokia's farming and deforestation discovered distinctive evidence of the flood:

a silty layer 7. 5 inches (19 centimeters) thick. The silt is dated to A d. 1200 plus

or minus 80 years said Samuel Munoz lead study author and a geographer at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Cahokia to Area 51: The 10 Strangest Places On earth The city wasn't completely abandoned until A d. 1350

but the catastrophic flood could have shaken the confidence of the town sited near modern-day St louis Munoz said.


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Because of the chemical composition of the polyacetylenes she predicts that cooking them in fat may cause more to be lost into the fat than preparing the carrots in water by boiling or steaming.


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and Vitamin c and they are also low in calories have only a trace of sodium and no fat or cholesterol.

1 large apple (8 oz/242 g) Raw edible weight portion Calories 130 Calories from Fat 0*Percent Daily Values(%DV

Apples are loaded with Vitamin c. Almost half of an apple's Vitamin c content is just under the skin

so it's a good idea to eat apples with their skins. Flores said that this is also where apples'fiber is found.


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evidence came in the form of coprostanol a lipid created when the body metabolizes cholesterol a molecule made by all animals.


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and reuse consumed DNA and the proteins which it encodes. There is no inherent danger in consuming DNA.

only if it is able to encode proteins that are harmful to the human body. For that to happen it would first need to be incorporated into your genome within the cell nucleus where all of your other genes reside.

so that ultimately the foreign protein was produced. So if there is PLANT DNA in your blood it will need to jump through lots of hoops before it can produce a foreign protein.

There is no evidence by the way that DNA in your blood can do this because if cf-DNA has always been in our blood we would have noticed plant proteins in our cells.


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Less than 200 years ago the invention of the chocolate press by Casparus van Houten senior made it possible to separate roasted cocoa beans into cocoa butter

and cocoa butter to produce an eating chocolate and in 1847 the Bristol Quaker firm of Fry s closely followed by Cadbury s in Birmingham made the first chocolate bar.

The fatty triglycerides in cocoa butter can stack together in six different ways each resulting in a different melting point.


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and waterfowl experts agree the overwhelming cause of angel wing is an unhealthily high protein and/or carbohydrate-based diets.


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which are proteins that respond to different wavelengths of light. They know when they're being touched Simon Gilroy a professor of botany at the University of Wisconsin-Madison told Live Science.


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They also tend to consume less saturated fat and fewer added sugars the researchers said.

and potassium and less saturated fat according to researchers who published their results in 2009 in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

and bran but it is enriched often with B vitamins. So there are some benefits to white rice but brown rice contains more fiber minerals and phytonutrients.


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which is a good thing for getting more vitamins and fiber in one's diet Kaiser said.


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Most evidence relied on residual fats found in pottery shards but many of these traces had degraded over time


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which are very high in folate a nutrient that is especially important during pregnancy. The scientists investigated the concentration of nutrients in the blood of 84 pregnant women who conceived at the peak of the rainy season

Methylation generally depends on nutrients such as folate choline methionine and vitamins B2 and B6 the researchers said.

In the study methylation in the infants'genes was linked to various nutrient levels in the mother's blood.

Preconceptional folic acid is used already to prevent defects in embryos. Now our research is pointing towards the need for a cocktail of nutrients


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and are a great way to add healthy fat to your diet. Healthy fat sometimes called monounsaturated fat in the form of oleic acid accounts for about three-quarters of the calories in an avocado.

Monounsaturated fats can help lower cholesterol and improve heart health. Avocados also have a higher percentage of protein about 4 grams than other fruits.

Their sugar levels are also comparatively low. Avocados contain many essential vitamins and minerals. They are a good source of vitamins K B9 B6 B5 C

and E. They are also high in magnesium phosphorus iron and potassium containing even more potassium per gram than bananas.

Additionally avocados are a good source of fiber which aids digestion and helps keep you regular.

Fresh avocados contain important carotenoid antioxidants lycopene and beta-carotene the highest concentration of which is located in the dark green flesh closest to the peel.

1/5 medium California (1. 1 oz/30 g) Calories 50 Calories from Fat 35*Percent Daily Values(%DV) are based on a 2000

Heart Avocados amounts of Vitamin e glutathione and monounsaturated fat all help to keep your heart healthy.

but the Vitamin b6 and the folic acid found in avocados can help regulate it. One seven-year study published in 2013 found that avocados were associated with a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome

Avocados also improved cholesterol for people that already had good lipid levels but were shown to be especially effective in those with mild cholesterol problems Avocados can help in this way because of their high amount of the beta-sitosterol compound

The monounsaturated fats can help stop insulin resistance which helps to regulate blood sugar levels. Furthermore the soluble fiber in avocados can help keep blood sugar levels steady

Pregnancy and preventing birth defects Avocados are full of folic acid providing about 23 percent of the recommended daily value.

Folic acid is essential to preventing birth defects like spina bifida and neural tube defect. Cancer The phytochemicals in avocados may help prevent certain cancers especially prostate mouth and skin cancers.

The Vitamin c in avocados also helps keep your intestinal tract strong and healthy by promoting collagen growth.

Skin The Vitamin c and Vitamin e in avocados helps keep your skin nourished and glowing. Avocados are used commonly to help treat psoriasis.

As with many other fruits avocados primary risks are related to overconsumption. Because of their high fat and caloric levels (about 200 calories per 100 grams) eating too many avocados can lead to weight gain.

They are also quite filling meaning that eating too many avocados may not leave you enough room to get other essential nutrients such as protein.


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and a special form of Vitamin k associated with fermentation may at least contribute to this effect.

And given it is a good source of many essential nutrients including protein calcium Vitamin a Vitamin b12

and riboflavin there are also sound nutritional reasons for consuming this product. Of course people who are lactose-intolerant should be careful about how much and


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The 3 Types of Fats Explained Dr. Thomas Brenna professor of nutritional sciences at Cornell University has done a thorough review of the literature on coconut oil.

Saturated fat Saturated fat is found mostly in foods from animals and some plants. Foods from animals include meats and dairy products.

Plant foods that contain saturated fat include coconut oil palm oil and cocoa butter. Saturated fat raises both the bad cholesterol and the goodcholesterol.

Unsaturated fat Polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats are unsaturated the two fats. They're found mainly in many fish nuts seeds and oils from plants.

Some examples of foods that contain these fats are salmon trout herring avocados olives walnuts and liquid vegetable oils such as soybean corn safflower canola olive and sunflower.

Studies show that eating foods rich in unsaturated fats lowers LDL (bad) cholesterol and raises HDL (good) cholesterol.

Trans fat Most trans fat is made by adding hydrogen to vegetable oil through a process called hydrogenation

which makes the oil less likely to spoil. Using trans fats in the manufacturing of foods helps foods stay fresh longer have a longer shelf life

and have a less greasy feel. Hydrogenation is common in margarine and shortening. Trans fat is a cholesterol nightmare.

Trans fat raises your LDL cholesterol and lowers your HDL cholesterol. Why is coconut oil getting internet attention and a lot of buyers in health food stores?

As Dr. Willett points out coconut oil seems especially effective in giving HDL a boost. There are several forces creating this phenomenon.


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