Tropes

ScienceDaily_2014 02076.txt

#Corn spots: Study finds important genes in defense responsewhen corn plants come under attack from a pathogen they sometimes respond by killing their own cells near the site of the attack committing cell suicide to thwart further damage from the attacker. This cell sacrifice can cause very small often microscopic spots or lesions on the plant. But up until now it's been difficult to understand how the plant regulates this spotty defense mechanism because the response is so quick and localized. Researchers at North carolina State university have identified a number of candidate genes and cellular processes that appear to control this so-called hypersensitive defense response (HR) in corn. The findings which appear in PLOS Genetics could help researchers build better defense responses in corn and other plants; HR is thought to occur in all higher-order plants including all trees and crop plants and is normally a tightly regulated response. The 44 candidate genes appear to be involved in defense response programmed cell death cell wall modification and a few other responses linked to resisting attack says Dr. Peter Balint-Kurti the paper's corresponding author and a U s. Department of agriculture (USDA) professor who works in NC State's plant pathology and crop science departments. To arrive at the finding the NC State researchers joined researchers from Purdue University in examining more than 3300 maize plants that contained a similar mutation: They all had exaggerated HR because one particular resistance gene Rp1-D21 doesn't turn off. It's similar to a human having an autoimmune response that never stops Balint-Kurti says. This mutation causes a corn plant to inappropriately trigger this hypersensitive defense response causing spots on the corn plant as well as stunted growth. The researchers examined the entire corn gene blueprint--some 26.5 million points in the 2 to 3 billion base pair genome--to find the genes most closely associated with HR. Balint-Kurti said the top candidates made sense as they mostly appear to be linked to defense or disease resistance. All of the processes associated with the top candidate genes have been associated previously with HR Balint-Kurti said. Hopefully this work provides an opening to really characterize this important defense response and learn more about it in other plants. USDA plant geneticist and breeder Jim Holland co-authored the paper along with first authors Bode Olukolu and Guan Feng Wang who are postdoctoral researchers at NC State. Vijay Vontimitta a postdoctoral researcher at Purdue working in a group headed by Guri Johal is also a first author. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by North carolina State university. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. Journal Reference e

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