which supports employment, wages purchases, investments, and taxes. Conducting business as usual is sufficient social benefit.
which rising earnings have done little to offset high unemployment, local business distress, and severe pressures on
And it has provided direct employment to 17,000 people†95%of whom are women†and indirect employment to an equal number of people, in rural areas where jobs otherwise were not available
These trends may well lead companies to remake their value chains by moving some activities closer to home and having
from both the private sector and local government, has experienced huge growth in employment, incomes, and company
example, a project can select impact on employment and impact on information as relevant and exclude impact on education and human capital because its
growth and employment, environment, climate change health and education, inclusive societies, well-being, etc Making a project to tackle societal needs implies framing the needs
challenges such as climate change and unemployment. This research project has iden -tified, mapped and engaged communities that are constructing the emerging Digital
Environment, Education and Skills, Culture and Arts, Work and Employment, Participation and Democracy, Neighbourhood Regeneration, Science
OCRACY CULTURE AND ARTS HEALTH AND WELLBEING WORK AND EMPLOYMENT S MA RT PU BL
Work and Employment DSI AREAS AREAS OF SOCIETY New ways of making Funding acceleration and incubation
OCRACY CULTURE AND ARTS HEALTH AND WELLBEING WORK AND EMPLOYMENT S MA RT PU BL
Work and Employment DSI AREAS AREAS OF SOCIETY New ways of making Funding acceleration and incubation
-ing unemployment will require innovative solutions that challenge traditional ways of doing things To provide a synthetic overview, we cat
new solutions to reduce unemployment and minimise its corrosive effects on the economy and society.
the rest of the EU. Identify specific social challenges (such as health, employment, urban regeneration and care) facing countries
percentage as well as in creating employment, whereas other industries are decreasing. In the long term, an innovation in social services or education will be as important as an
This guide was prepared by DG Regional and Urban Policy and DG Employment, Social affairs and Inclusion, with inputs by various other Directorates General (DG Enterprise and Industry;
with DG Employment, Social affairs and Inclusion, in particular with Olivier Rouland, Head of Unit and Diane Angermueller and Gabor TÃ th, policy analysts
There is, of course, a link with the current crisis and the severe employment and social consequences
means we need to have a fresh look at social, health and employment policies, but also at education
Initiative, the Employment and Social Investment packages, the Digital Agenda, the new industrial policy, the Innovation Partnership for Active and Healthy Ageing, and Cohesion Policy
Responsible for Employment, Social affairs & Inclusion Foreword 6 1. What is Social Innovation Social innovation can be defined as the development and implementation of new ideas (products
ï Employment: 75%of the 20-64 year-olds to be employed ï R&d/innovation: 3%of the EU's GDP (public and private combined) to be invested in
Union Flagship18), the calls for proposals of the PROGRESS programme of DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion 19, the Regiostars awards20 by DG Regional Policy with a specific category on
innovative activities by ESF operational programmes, New Sources of Jobs, Territorial Employment Pacts and Regional Information Society Initiatives tested in the 1990s
improve the levels of employment, the quality of jobs, and the inclusiveness of the labour market in
people in the EU, accounting for 6%of total employment. It covers bodies with a specific legal status
and thus help to find new answers to unmet needs in fields like employment housing, ageing, childcare, etc. 45
of large and small ERDF projects to stimulate social innovation in employment and inclusion of
helping disadvantaged people into employment. Similar examples exist in other parts of the EU. The
disadvantaged neighbourhoods and gives them a start in employment The EQUAL-funded BEST Procurement project looked at public procurement and social clauses across
13%were on unemployment benefit (RMI and 8%people had a disability ï 345,000 hours dedicated to insertion (about 200 full time equivalent jobs), a further 92,000
employment social enterprise The Nantes example illustrates how public works contracts can deliver a double benefit:
STEP now helps over 6, 000 migrants a year through individual advice on legal, health, employment
The Kiã t Program, self employment and microcredit for Roma in Hungary Piloting Stage Kiã t aims to support Roma to work in the formal economy by starting up a business.
ï Mindlab66 in Denmark is a collaboration between the economic, finance and employment ministries to produce a unit inside government dedicated to public policy innovation
The Rhã'ne-Alpes Region (FR) puts employment and anticipation of change at the centre of its
three of which-namely, increasing the employment rate to 75, %reducing early school leaving under 10%and poverty by 20 million people-directly concern the social domain.
macroeconomic, fiscal and employment strategies have to be accompanied by clear guidance and monitoring instruments regarding social investment.
development and innovation (thematic objective 1), employment (TO 8), education (TO 9), social policies (TO 10) and administrative capacity building (TO 11.
place through all investment priorities of the employment, education, social inclusion and administrative capacity building priorities or address the areas of these thematic objectives through a
conditionality sets are in place for specific investment priorities of the employment, education, social inclusion and institutional capacity building thematic objectives.
In thematic objective (8) promoting employment and supporting labour mobility, the possible support for the development of business incubators
and investment support for self employment and business creation can be very relevant for socially innovative start-ups
such as how to create employment for youth, how to integrate migration communities into economic life,
2. 3. The Programme for Employment and Social Innovation Easi 2014-20) to follow the PROGRESS programme...
c. The Programme for Employment and Social Innovation (Easi...84 2. 4. Other programmes and action plans...
-omies, the challenge is to stimulate job creation while addressing macroeconomic imbalances; and y taking a longer term perspective, the Oxford Martin Commission for Future Genera
4 Local employment initiatives, EQUAL, LEADER, URBAN, â€; see in this respect the 25 year anniversary of AIEDL
against poverty, unemployment, illness and old age are important as long as they †are not pursued in conflict with the rules of the marketâ€.
competitive social market economy, aiming at full employment and social progress, and a high level of protection and improvement of the quality of the environmentâ€
responsible for the Single Market (M. Barnier), Employment and Social affairs (L. Andor) and Enterprise (A Tajani
Programme for Employment and Social Innovation 41 See The EU's Fifth Project-Transitional Governance in the Service of Sustainable Societies
51 Written by J-Pal Europe at the request of the European commission's Directorate-General for Employment
In the new programme for employment and social innovation, technical assistance for conducting randomised evaluations is made available to administrations undertaking
programme for Employment and Social Innovation (Easi. 58 In response, a subgroup of the Commission†s consultative multi-stakeholder group on social enterprise (GECES
the development of indicators. 61 On the latter issue, the 2013 report on Employment and Social Development in Europe highlights the need to adapt the way we measure economic
DG Regional and Urban Policy and DG Employment, Social affairs in February 2013.71 Some of them show how support under the Structural Funds will increasingly be sought
for Employment, Social affairs and Inclusion in April 201372 and, on the other hand, the large body of research funded by the FP5, FP6 and FP7 Socioeconomic Sciences and
-lion people in the EU, accounting for 6%of total employment. It covers bodies with a
and thus help to find new answers to unmet needs in fields like employment, housing
ERDF projects to stimulate social innovation in employment and inclusion of marginal -ised groups. The example below from the City of Nantes illustrates how a procurement
sector in helping disadvantaged people into employment. Similar examples exist in other parts of the EU
•75%of beneficiaries were accompanied by a local insertion company (a type of training and employment social
/The Kiã t Programme, self employment and microcredit for Roma in Hungary Kiã t aims to support Roma to work in the formal economy by starting up a business.
Portugal has to restore economic growth, employment, and make long-term structural reforms at all levels, but especially at institutional and economic levels (public sector, public services, competition, etc
the United At work project, an innovative way to address senior and junior unemployment through intergenerational
-term unemployment without relying on economic growth as a panacea. Investing in health and education, preferably as early as possible (e g. through early childhood
that deal with employment, education, health and technological development could be used for this purpose. Similarly, more transparency in decision-making processes
The Employment and Social Investment packages, which frame and fund a new ap -proach to social policies.
(1) employment;(2) education;(3) research and innovation;(4) social inclusion and poverty reduction; and (5) and climate/energy94 that the EU should meet by the end
Europe 2020 priorities in areas like innovation, the digital economy, employment, youth industrial policy, poverty, and resource efficiency.
at the national level, the removal of many obstacles to competition and job creation These efforts are combined
Innovation Union) and fight unemployment and exclusion (Youth on the move, an Agen -da for New Skills and Jobs, European Platform against Poverty.
associations provide more than 14 million jobs (6. 53%of total employment), with a steady growth rate that has shown good resilience to the crisis
Programme for Employment and Social Innovation (Easi)( 2014-20 y a significant research programme on social and public sector innovation.
-tion and employment for young people in Europe. It aims to improve young people†s ed
-ucation and employability, to reduce high youth unemployment and to increase the youth employment rate. This initiative is focused on the Europe 2020 objectives of re
-ducing early school leaving and achieving a 75%employment rate for the working-age population (20-64 years.
It has adopted an all-encompassing approach by bringing together the issues of education and employment and creating bridges between these
issues and the stakeholders This initiative, through its focus on young people, has brought together a set of EU
and encourage youth employment (through youth guarantees108 social innovation processes have been highlighted: young people†s needs and their par
108 Youth guarantees ensure that all young people under the age of 25 receive good quality employment
opportunities, continued education, apprenticeship or a traineeship within a period of four months of becoming unemployed or leaving formal education
-tion and employment systems in Member States to learn from each other. Universities have been encouraged to improve the quality of the courses they offer by making them
and youth unemployment is also being tackled through more workplace and entrepreneurial learning experiences and more possibilities
for self employment Considering the very high level of youth unemployment as a consequence of the crisis
actions for youth have been given extensive political and financial attention, reinforcing the means of action of this flagship initiative.
-ingful employment makes a case for developing a sustainable framework for social enterprises and social innovation initiatives.
This flagship initiative†s main objective is to help the EU reach its employment target for
and men (aged 20-64) in employment The agenda also contributes to achieving the EU€ s targets to get the early school-leaving
-gle Market Act I114 and II, 115 in the Employment Package Towards a job-rich recovery116
labour demand and job creation through promoting and supporting self employment social enterprises and business start-ups The Single Market Act I, adopted in April 2011,
employment and the reduction of inequal -ities The Social Business Initiative proposes three series of priority measures to
integration via access to employment for disadvantaged people in particular due to insufficient qualifications or social or professional problems leading to exclusion and
fully complementary to the Employment Package, the White paper on Pensions and the Youth employment Package. It also builds on the contribution the European Struc
-tural and Investment funds (in particular the ESF) can make to social investment in the next financing period. 127
Programme for Employment and Social Innovation (Easi), to test new approaches to social policies (such as ICT-enabled innovation)
The findings of this conference provided an input for the meeting of the Employment, Social policy, Health and Con
and the Employment and Social Innovation (Easi) programme which eventually adopted social innovation in its very title.
of cohesion, agriculture, research, employment and social policies. Since the vast majority of programmes expired on 31 december 2013, the new funding programmes and legal bases were agreed finally just before in order to
Horizon 2020 and the Employment and Social Innovation programme (Easi Overall, the reformed Cohesion Policy (ESIF, which includes the:
responsibility of the European Commissioners for employment and social policy (Lászlã Andor) and for charge of regional policy (Johannes Hahn) in February 2013.
The focus of ESF support will fall on employment and social policies: social innovation will be a tool to improve the employment, social inclusion, education and
institutional capacity-building policies supported by the ESF. The policy themes for social innovation within this scope and corresponding to Member States†specific needs will be
2. 3. The Programme for Employment and Social Innovation Easi (2014-20) to follow the PROGRESS programme
out of poverty and social exclusion and ensuring an employment rate of 75%for the
Employment and Social Situation Quarterly Review highlights that the social and health services continued to generate a third
the EU€ s employment and job creation prospects. The opportunities for job creation in the social services sector are important due to the development of new needs driven
by the demographic changes, economic and social consequences of the crisis, growing inequalities, technological developments or changing social patterns
c. The Programme for Employment and Social Innovation (Easi The new Programme for Employment and
Social Innovation (Easi) was adopted in De -cember 2013134. The total budget for the 2014-20 period is EUR 919 469 000 (in
implementation of employment and social reforms at European, national as well as regional and local levels by means of pol
social entrepreneurship axis of the Employment and Social Inno -vation (Easi) represented the first EU-wide initiative specifically
policy experimentation, with the aim to further develop its potential for employment and social innovation. Under this heading, in 2014, Easi will aim, inter alia, to
growth and job creation. In particular it will continue the exploration, made in a 2011 report by the European Expert Network on Culture, of one form of social innovation â€
An annual event on innovation and social and employment policy: Social innovation and social policy experimentation (Brussels, November 2012
social innovation and the social economy as a solid response to the need for job creation
In the EU, the public sector accounts for 17%of employment and general government expenditure is equivalent to 50%of EU GDP.
barriers to growth, job creation and investment, and ultimately propose new policy or legislative approaches. The main target being a new policy initiative on growth & jobs
growth and job creation in Europe. More than three years after its launch, the EIP on Ac
-ment of water innovation, contribute to sustainable growth and employment, stim -ulate uptake of water innovations by market and society.
The Employment and Social Innovation (Easi) programme has made EUR 86 million available to support the development of the social investment market and facilitate
growth and employment. European Venture capital Funds (Euveca), which along with Eusef175 became available on 22 july 2013.
Projects were typically related to unemployment, marginalisation of disadvantaged groups, environment and access to affordable and good quality health and education.
-comes which focuses on delivering skills for employment, such as digital or entrepre -neurial competences, increasing the efficiency and inclusiveness of education and train
data on European higher education learning mobility and employment in cooperation with Eurostat Furthermore, a European Alliance for Apprenticeships has been established to drive
forward the innovation and reform of apprenticeship schemes across Europe. The al -liance mobilises a multitude of stakeholders to jointly strengthen the quality, supply
and reputation of in-company training as part of vocational education. The rationale is that quality apprenticeships provide students with a valuable combination of theoretical
knowledge and practical know-how that make them attractive for future employers. At the same time, businesses will benefit from better skilled young workers
to achieve high-quality apprenticeships that can facilitate young people†s access to the job market The EU Youth Strategy (2010-18), the
Employment & Entrepreneurship Voluntary activities; Participation; Social inclusion; Health & Wellbeing; Creativity & Culture; Youth and the World.
and through practices that tackle inclusion problems such as youth employment or early school leaving. It helps to empower young people
Teleworking and virtual meetings are held mainly back by social/psychological (e g. fear of social isolation and adverse
smaller cars and teleworking. The policy package with regard to smaller cars consists of economic and regulatory instruments supported by informational measures, while the
policy package for teleworking consists of a wide variety of measures, including eco -nomic, regulative, informational and procedural instruments
The Programme for Employment and Social Innovation Easi (2014-20) to follow the PROGRESS programme
c. The Programme for Employment and Social Innovation (Easi 2. 4. 1 The COSME programme:
challenges. †The OECD€ s LEED Programme (Local Economic and Employment Development which includes a Forum on Social Innovations,
approaches to cutting graduate unemployment or street homelessness encourages bids by teams with the capacity to develop concepts to scale
apprenticeship. As of late December 2009 there were 3, 261 companies registered as CICS Governance Ownership structures bring with them important dynamics that may help or
one of its goals the attraction and effective employment of a wide range of volunteers.
academies, apprenticeships, and training programmes. One example 5 SCALING AND DIFFUSION 93 Organic farming students at Everdale.
So while familiar data on income, employment, diseases or educational achievement continues to be gathered, there is growing interest in other types
new system of apprenticeships in green industries, or to green existing industries Systemic finance We describe many different finance tools in other sections which can
and the Ministry of Employment, to bring together government, private enterprises, and the research community under one roof to promote
and compulsory targets for the employment of people with disabilities This is also the case with household-generated innovation.
outcomes, such as lower unemployment 327) Holistic local budgets such as the New deal for Communities, which gave local communities wide discretion on how to spend large sums of
In the 1990s, Employment Zones allowed contractors to innovate new methods for getting unemployed people into work, with payment linked
economy such as compulsory targets, including the employment of people with disabilities, regulations for renewable energy, fiscal
helps firemen find part-time employment as benefits advisors alongside their roles as firemen, or the local branch of Unison in Newcastle upon
397) Secure employment innovation models which separate project failure from redundancy. Examples include funding a range of parallel
projects to test out innovations with job security, so that individuals can be transferred from failures to successes
398) Accreditation, search and recruitment of public innovators by commercial headhunters or government agencies. For example, with
employment for the rural poor 420) Venture philanthropy focused on innovation in particular sectors, such as the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation†s (RWJF€ s) Pioneer Portfolio
†bads†(such as criminality or unemployment), to accelerate market innovation to meet social and environmental goals
market, and to their terms of funding and employment? Who will provide the necessary tools and platforms?
Paid work Unpaid work Leisure Housework, paid work and leisure Minutes per day and person, latest year available
the arrangements for retirement and unemployment, the size and location of public service centres such as schools and hospitals,
505) Flexible terms of formal employment to enable a sustainable informal economy, such as the right to request flexible working time
Studies and the UK Commission for Employment and Skills (UKCES. Â Future engagement work planned
unemployment, resource constraints and so forth. GDP slow down since mid-2011, environmental disasters climate change, an ageing population,
and growing unemployment will require innovative solutions that challenge traditional ways of doing things, such as moving from closed innovation models to open and
the European Information Society for Growth and Employment, and the Digital Agenda (a Europe 2020
emerge to tackle societal challenges, such as unemployment, clean and renewable energy provision, poverty to improve public services such as education and health,
employment. It also accounted for 25%of total EU research in business (EC, 2006. ICT increasingly forms an integral
in addition to the related employment, is an instrument of autonomy and sovereignty and provides the capacity to develop
Must shareholders approve the election and dismissal of the external auditor Yes 1. 5 Can shareholders freely trade shares prior to a major
as well as basic information on their primary employment be disclosed No 0 Must the compensation of individual managers be
employment, specifically as it affects the hiring and redundancy of workers and the rigidity of working hours
This year, for the first time, the indicators measuring flexibility in labor market regulations focus on those affecting the food retail industry,
with pay, night work, protection against unemployment and medical care and sickness benefits. The Doing Business methodology is fully consistent with these 6
treatment in employment practices Between 2009 and 2011 the World bank Group worked with a consultative group†including labor lawyers
employment regulations that is completed by local lawyers and public officials. Employment laws and regulations as well as secondary sources are reviewed to
redundancy dismissals DB2013 Spain temporarily allowed unlimited duration of fixed-term contracts Source: Doing Business database
Difficulty of redundancy index Difficulty of redundancy index looks at 9 questions:(i what the length is in months of the maximum
probationary period;(ii) whether redundancy is disallowed as a basis for terminating workers;(iii whether the employer needs to notify a third party (such
as a government agency) to terminate 1 redundant worker;( (iv) whether the employer needs to notify a third
priority rules apply for redundancies; and (ix) whether priority rules apply for reemployment Difficulty of redundancy index Data
Maximum length of probationary period (months) 2. 0 Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law? Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
Yes Third-party approval if 1 worker is dismissed? No Third-party notification if 9 workers are dismissed? Yes
Retraining or reassignment obligation before redundancy? No Priority rules for redundancies? No Priority rules for reemployment?
No Source: Doing Business database 86 Spain Doing Business 2015 LABOR MARKET REGULATION Redundancy cost Redundancy cost measures the cost of advance notice
requirements, severance payments and penalties due when terminating a redundant worker, expressed in weeks of salary.
The average value of notice requirements and severance payments applicable to a worker with 1 year of tenure, a worker with 5 years and
Redundancy cost indicator (in salary weeks) Data Notice period for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 1 year of tenure 2. 1
Notice period for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 5 years of tenure 2. 1
Notice period for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 10 years of tenure 2. 1
Notice period for redundancy dismissal (average for workers with 1, 5 and 10 years of tenure
2. 1 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 1 year of tenure 2. 9
Severance pay for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 5 years of tenure 14.3 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 10 years of tenure 28.6
Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (average for workers with 1, 5 and 10 years of tenure
15.2 Source: Doing Business database Social protection schemes and benefits & Labor disputes Doing Business collects data on the existence of
unemployment protection schemes as well as data on whether employers are required legally to provide health insurance for employees with permanent
contracts Doing Business also assesses the mechanisms available to resolve labor disputes. More specifically, it collects
Availability of unemployment protection scheme? Yes Health insurance existing for permanent employees? Yes Availability of courts
-house delivering high levels of employment, productivity, and social cohesion Europe 2020 strategy is broad and ambitious
-house delivering high levels of employment, productivity, and social cohesion Europe 2020 strategy is broad and ambitious
Work and employment 78 Finance and economy 76 Science& Technology 60 Table 3: Domains of Activity
dismissal) of issues. Mobilising people though these platforms allow citizens movements, activists, and entrepreneurs to raise issues
Work and employment, other Technology Trends: Open Knowledgeâ Â DSI activities: Operating a web service
Work and employment, other Technology Trends: Open Knowledge DSI activities: Operating a web service Key facts:
-house delivering high levels of employment, productivity, and social cohesion Europe 2020 strategy is broad and ambitious
-house delivering high levels of employment, productivity, and social cohesion Europe 2020 strategy is broad and ambitious
Work and employment 78 Finance and economy 76 Science& Technology 60 Table 3: Domains of Activity
dismissal) of issues. Mobilising people though these platforms allow citizens movements, activists, and entrepreneurs to raise issues
Work and employment, other Technology Trends: Open Knowledgeâ Â DSI activities: Operating a web service
Work and employment, other Technology Trends: Open Knowledge DSI activities: Operating a web service Key facts:
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