and and innovative maner of promotion to become successfull games. To this purpose, the new generation of gamers has at its disposal all kind
agriculture and to improve the safty of the food staff. Finally, in the field of clothing and
from historical and geographical context, to specific public policies (regarding human resources taxation, industrial development etc.
gross R&d expenses as percentage of GDP and the dynamics of R&d human resources in Romania
of ours that in the European union the share of R&d human resources in the total number of
There is also another important aspect regarding the R&d human resources that consists in the fact that the retribution per employee increases more rapid than the economic development level, thus
latest trends resulted from the analysis of the R&d human resources and gross expenditures. The accumulation of societal know-how makes it easier for new ventures to arise and for new ideas to
human resources that are involved in constructing complex products. Therefore, the ability to build competitive and successful teams,
Human resources Development 2007-2013, project number POSDRU/159/1. 5/S/142115 †Performance and excellence in doctoral and postdoctoral research in Romanian economics science domainâ€
The dynamics of R&d human resources in Romania within the European context. Proceedings of the 7th International Management Conference"New Management for
and testing laboratories and the promotion of the auto cluster. For the textile cluster, it would be helpful to facilitate access to finance for the
In the tourism cluster, promotion and management of archaeological sites, promotion of regional spas as cross-border medical tourism destinations,
WB staff calculations based on WDI data 27. During this period, the convergence process has trickled down at the regional level, and the
World bank staff calculations based on Eurostat data; â€oepeer regionsâ€: aggregate peers as defined by ADR Vest PL 41,42, 43,51, 52;
World bank staff calculation based on SBS data 40. Additionally, the West Region presents the second highest incidence of gazelles over total
World bank staff calculation based on SBS data Source: World bank staff calculation based on SBS data 41. The sectoral specialization of the â€oegazelles†is slightly different than the distribution of firms
overall. While Western firms in general are concentrated mainly in service activities such as wholesale trade (14%),retail trade (10),
World bank staff calculation based on SBS data 42. The contribution of startups to productivity growth in West Romania is higher than the
World bank staff calculation based on SBS data Source: World bank staff calculation based on SBS data Figure 15:
TFP Growth Decomposition in Romania By Type of Firm And by Region: 2005-2010 Source:
World bank staff calculation based on SBS data The West Regions†export performance is very positive in overall terms
World bank staff calculation based on SBS data Source: World bank staff calculation based on SBS data 44. Overall, the West Region export performance is very positive:
export growth is sustained Figure 18), particularly since 2009 and is driven by the performance of firms located in Arad and Timis
World bank staff calculation based on SBS data Source: World bank staff calculation based on SBS data III. 2. Main challenges
Fruits of economic growth were distributed not evenly across the region 45. The fruits of economic growth and convergence with Europe were distributed not evenly
World bank staff calculations based on data from Eurostat: Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by NUTS 3 regions †purchasing power standard per inhabitant nama r e3gdp
World bank staff calculations based on data from Eurostat: Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by NUTS 3 regions †millions of Euro nama r e3gdp
World bank staff calculations based on data from Institute of National Statistics; Monthly gross wages at NACE 2
World bank staff calculation based on SBS data 57. The auto industry is by far the biggest employer in the region among manufacturing
World bank staff calculation based on SBS data Table 11. Out of Region Plant Size of Firms Headquartered in the West Region (2010
World bank staff calculation based on SBS data 60. Sectorial, firm and geographical concentration may lead to high volatility of value added
World bank staff calculations based on INS data Source: World bank staff calculations based on INS data 62. Moreover, export growth over the period 2005-2011 has been very reliant on the â€oeintensive
marginâ€, i e. 75%of export growth came from incumbent exporters going to markets they already served and with no innovation in terms of product range.
World bank staff calculations based on INS data 63. There is a shift in destination markets within the EU. While traditionally the main export
World bank staff calculations based on INS data 60 70 80 90 100 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
World bank staff calculations based on INS data 64. Overall, West Region exports are concentrated in relatively low-skill, low-sophistication
World bank staff calculations based on INS data Increasing integration with regional value chains, leading to low local value addition
World bank staff elaboration based on INS customs level data 31 Taymaz, Erol, Ebru Voyvoda and Kamil YÃ lmaz (2011.
World bank staff calculations based on INS data 68. While declining value added at sector level is a global trend
protection and promotion of natural parks (see chapter 5 and annex 2 Geo therapy center:
World bank staff simulations based on Eurostat and IMF data.**Note: the latest available data for R&d over GDP indicator
World bank staff simulations based on Eurostat and IMF data 139. Building on the analysis conducted as part of this assessment, this chapter drafts
promotion of associations. These measures can help generate the necessary confidence for cooperation and can improve the flow of information between the actors of the regional innovation system.
through support for quality schemes, promotion in local markets, horizontal and vertical cooperation new marketing and networking opportunities, the development of short supply chains, and the setting
promotion of the local innovative potential. A proper implementation of smart specialization investments requires an administrative entity that can coordinate,
to the promotion of the other competitiveness goals of the region, such as increasing exports and
1. Innovation center for the West Region which could play a key role in the promotion of the innovative potential
Center for protection and promotion of natural parks 13. Geo therapy center 14. Pilot initiative on development solutions for the mining areas
schemes, promotion in local markets, horizontal and vertical cooperation, new marketing and networking opportunities the development of short
Human resources Programme financed under European Social Fund and with the list of public projects as defined at point
center for protection and promotion of natural parks; a geo therapy center; a pilot initiative on
growth rate, relatively skilled human resources, a large diversity of natural resources, and a favorable geographical location. In the 2014-2020 period, the West Region has the opportunity period to use its
could play a key role in the promotion of the innovative potential of the region
staff from West region and other regions of Romania. The new structure could be setup as
Center for the protection and promotion of the national parks in the West Region The region could highly benefit from the
o Promotion of a comprehensive information society Having in view that the spread of Internet benefices depends more and more
well as certain human resources experienced in new technologies, including communications technologies Successful implementation of communication technologies has tangible effects
responsible for the implementation of initiatives envisaging promotion of broadband communications†infrastructure development and elimination of the
as well as for the promotion of citizens†engagement and for increasing empowerment and the accessibility and
developing a digital economy, the promotion of low-carbon, encouraging development of new products and modernizing education and training sector.
As Intermediate Body for Promotion the Information Society, MCSI manages Priority Axis III-ICT for public and private sectors, SOP IEC 2007-2013.
%Researchers Staff (number of people) 2007,3 0, 93 %-Articles published in international and national journals
 Promotion  of  Cogeneration  whose  mem- †bership  consists
also the entrepreneurial promotion (and specifically the search for entrepreneurial discoveries) as well as the networking and cooperation within the triple helix
actions related to human resources, support to I+D through funding and research infrastructures, support to technological transfer and diffusion of research and innovation
& promotion structures Parks & scientific & technological poles ENTERPRISE SISTEMA DE INNOVACIÃ N DE ARAGÃ N
The Law 17/2002 of promotion and general coordination of the scientific research, development and technological innovation (R&d and Innovation) in Castilla y Leã n. This law defines the regional institutions
Concerning human resources, the personnel employed in R&d activities in full-time equivalent (FTE) per thousands of working people in Castilla y Leã n has evolved positively
specialized human resources in administrative management •Scientific specialisation has little relationship to regional economic specialisation;
human resources in research entities and talent and brain drain •Decreased globalization of innovation and minimal participation in international
human resources, and development of initiatives •Loss of support structure for R&d because of the financial crisis and risk of
2002 Law of Promotion and General Coordination of R&d&i 2003 Universities Law (modified in 2010
efforts must be the promotion of innovation in SMES and of innovative new entrepreneurship, and
clear incentives and rewards are applied for academic staff engaged in entrepreneurship promotion, support is provided for financial and human
resources, and entrepreneurship-dedicated structures are in place such as chairs, centres and incubation facilities. Start-up assistance and evaluations of support approaches
promotion of corporate spin-offs from foreign direct investors; and joint technology development and training initiatives involving foreign affiliates and local SMES
placement, product promotion or pricing Non-technological innovations involve a wider range of actors, processes and
round up teams of engineers and other key staff from other firms. Engineers and other key
science parks and business incubators, encouraging mobility of staff between universities and industry, and facilitating knowledge exploitation through licenses
Challenges and Key Issues for Future Actionsâ€, Commission Staff Working Document (2007) 1059 European commission DG Enterprise and Industry, Brussels
Malecki, E. 2008), â€oehigher Education, Knowledge Transfer Mechanisms and the Promotion of SME Innovationâ€, in J. Potter (ed.),Entrepreneurship and Higher education, OECD, Paris Ch. 9, pp. 213-234
product design or packaging, product placement, product promotion or pricing â Organisational innovation: The implementation of a new organisational method in the firm†s busin
and marketing/promotion. Finally, Small Business Online is a competitive, grant-based programme designed to help small businesses go online, significantly
is administered by the agency FFG (Austrian Research Promotion Agency SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 201050
the Flemish Institute for the Promotion of Innovation, implements the following types of measures in the
This has been pursued mainly through the promotion of business support services especially in sectors of strategic relevance to the Czech economy such as automotive, machinery engineering
by means of tools such as loans for innovative projects, contacts with research societies, recruitment of
During the first funding phase, entrepreneurs can apply for staff expenses for up to three staff
that are targeted all at assisting SMES in the areas of entrepreneurship, human resources, financing marketing and innovation
Finally, the SMBA operates Incubation Centre Promotion, a programme that aims to encourage spin-offs from universities and research institutes.
Its main purposes are to strengthen the fight against IPR infringement by training staff in
The CTI (Swiss Federal Innovation Promotion Agency) is the most important innovation promotion government agency in Switzerland.
Among its main tasks is the promotion of entrepreneurship in the Swiss economy. The most important entrepreneurship programmes are the CTI Start-up programme and
The overall budget for the entrepreneurship promotion programme of the CTI amounts to about CHF 11 million in 2008;
the promotion of entrepreneurship and innovation among private companies. In order to specifically target SMES, the government launched in 2007 an ambitious entrepreneurship agenda, Chile Emprende
Innova Chile, hosted by the Production Promotion Corporation (CORFO. Although it supports an ample range of
provision of seed capital, support to business incubators and spin-off projects, technology promotion organisations and development of professional training centres.
promotion of good management practices among SMES Chile Emprende Chile Emprende is targeted to existing micro and small enterprises
Technopreneur Promotion Programme Another major public policy initiative for funding innovation is the Technopreneur Promotion Programme
Tepp) at the Department for Scientific and Industrial Research. The programme involves 20 outreach centres being set up to facilitate support infrastructure across the country for key technologies such as ICT
The promotion and support of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMES) is an important policy
Technology and Human resources for Industry Programme The Technology and Human resources for Industry Programme (THRIP) is managed by the National
Research Foundation (NRF) on behalf of the Department of Trade and Industry. Firms and the Technology and Human resources for Industry Programme invest jointly in research projects where project leaders are
on the academic staff of South african higher education institutions. The programme aims to enable local industry to respond to technology needs,
to produce a flow of skilled human resources, to enhance educational experience, and to foster collaboration among industry, HEIS and science, engineering and
technology institutions. Graduates from the programme often end up employed in the industry they worked with,
skilled human resources in the key cluster industries and strong networks (Potter and Miranda, 2009 Given the limits of official data sources for local-level analysis,
of human resources; contribution to economic development Industry Undertake industrial R&d. Monitor research results generated by others;
the planned exchange of staff (secondments, mutually agreed recruitment and training, etc. or joint projects (e g. with training providers and
technology institutions OECD reviews of FDI and local development in Spain, Switzerland, Russia, Ukraine and Scotland have examined how local and regional governments and development
attraction of FDI has been combined with the promotion of local clusters by targeting FDI in those sectors where the locality has strong productive agglomerations
â Spin-offs, both corporate and university-based, are an important target for promotion efforts because the internal technology and market competencies they carry from
as can staff exchanges and secondments. The voucher scheme implemented in The netherlands is an example of an innovation-purchasing initiative that has enabled SMES to take a first
traditionally been at the forefront in the promotion of cutting-edge and cross -SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010154
extent that staff in large firms do (OECD, 2010b, forthcoming. Hence, formal skills and training policies have only a poor reach into the SME sector.
Management Skills for business planning, regulations and quality control, human resources planning (recruitment training and skills development) and allocation of resources (e g. management of intellectual property
basis for recruitment and promotion †and those not working on core activities can find it
enterprise start-ups by students and staff. Indeed, entrepreneurship teaching can have a greater positive impact on the rate of new firm creation
4. Recruitment and career development of academic staff take into account entrepreneurial attitudes, behaviour and experience as well as entrepreneurship support activities
1. A minimum long-term financing of staff costs and overheads for graduate entrepreneurship is agreed as part of the university†s budget
3. Human resource development for entrepreneurship educators and staff involved in entrepreneurship start-up support is in place
For certain courses active recruitment is practised 5. Out-reach to alumni, business support organisations and firms are a key component of
2. Team building is facilitated actively by university staff 3. Access to private financing is facilitated through networking and dedicated events
and all have staff with responsibility for delivering enterprise in education. An annual reporting process ensures examples of good practice can be
previous rigid conceptions of job profiles (Miles et al. 2008). ) Engaging with KISAS is a way SMES acquire knowledge and new entrepreneurship skills through formal (contractual
such as financial, marketing, legal, personnel development, training, recruitment and business management services. Examples from this group include the provision of
and SME development agency staff â Public administration SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 181
-trained staff. Partnerships have been built with The french government authorities and ministries such as the Department for the Elderly and Department of Sport.
business management and human resources and some specific skills related to risk assessment and warranting, strategic thinking and the ability to make the most out of
Technopreneur Promotion Programme Indonesia Innovation Centre for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Israel Incubator programme
Technology and Human resources for Industry Programme Notes on the Country Data Chapter 3. Knowledge Flows
the promotion of social inclusion and training agents or actors subject, potentially or effectively, to processes of social
better quality of working life (Oeij, Klein Hesselink, and Dhondt 2012. Workplace innovation is primarily a development in private organizations,
promotion of the role of the underprivileged and the encouragement of the actions of a
The supply factors include human resources knowledge and information, and funding. The demand factors include existing and potential demands/needs, and
recruitment, and training and education. The technology transfer dimension involves research for products and processes, R&d technology audit, technology brokerage,
human resources) who share the same goal/interest with other users and communicate with them to exchange viable information that could serve as a seed to
Figure 15 presents availability of human resources and intangible resource for every region. In a quick glance, the administrator can understand the resource spread across regions
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Senator Cullinane for all the detailed work done in producing the draft report, to the Steering Group for its input, to the Oireachtas Library and Research Service and the staff of the Committee Secretariat for the excellent research,
allowing feedback and promotion using social media and other online marketing tools Local and other actions
Waterford Institute of technology (WIT) is a third-level institution in the Southeast with almost 10,000 students and 1000 staff.
Big companies are struggling at higher graduate level to attract staff. Government investment in science and technology mostly goes to universities and the resultant high-potential start-ups stay near the universities
which highlight the benefits of supporting staff to engage in training and education could form part of an overall Educational Attainment Strategy
particularly in the areas of State aid and the promotion of Irish produced food, are identiï ed as negative factors
allowing feedback and promotion using social media and other online marketing tools A digital hub 4) Cluster-based approaches are a key element of the creative sector.
allowing feedback and promotion using social media and other online marketing tools Local and other actions
but †rationalising†staff numbers, the consequence has been growing unemployment. This has hit rural areas in the region in particular
-Promotion of co-ordination in the provision of public services in the region -Promotion of co-operation, joint action, etc. between local authorities, public
authorities and/or others -Reviewing the overall development needs and investment priorities of the region
and tended by specialized technical staff working in specially constructed and air conditioned centers, today computing equipment is to be found on the
12 The Boskin Commission's findings have met with some criticism from BLS staff, who have pointed out that the published
/services (55,31%)human resources (51,52%),organizational structure 49,08 %The types of change used in companies analysed
%Staff training (21,2%),Providing information needed for the adaptation of change (12,85%),Managers personal involvement in change management (18,8%),Stimulation and support in
staff to plan, analysing external and internal sources of information taking into account the social implications of changes completed
 Human resources  Legal/institutional environment  Political context  Social context AN ECOSYSTEM FOR INNOVATIVE SOCIAL PURPOSE ORGANISATIONS
 Human resources  Legal/institutional environment  Political context  Social context AN ECOSYSTEM FOR INNOVATIVE SOCIAL PURPOSE ORGANISATIONS
Lack of qualiï ed staff ï¿Lack of information concerning technology ï¿Lack of information concerning market
-tion of highly educated staff has a positive effect on radical product innovation, while it has no effect on other types of
educated staff is not a signiï cant predictor in process innovation. This ï nding can be explained by considering
Internal factors encompassing lack of qualiï ed staff and lack of information about technology and markets are also
proportion of highly educated staff has on product innovation (Freel, 2000; Hoffman et al. 1998), but we
promotion of the concept of innovation. More recently, the European commission has published a comprehensive study of innovation policies in the six candidate countries and is now in the process
Education for All (EFA), has made the promotion of education as a fundamental right, the improvement of the quality of education and the stimulation of innovation and the sharing of
promotion and use of multilingualism and universal access to cyberspace†which will be presented to the General Conference in 2003
http://www. cs. ucl. ac. uk/staff/m. handley/slides /23 Meyer, D.,et al.:Report from the IAB Workshop on Routing and Addressing, IETF, RFC
•Locality Promotion enables peers of an ISP domain to receive ratings of their over
An example is locality promotion based on BGP routing data •Insertion of Additional Locality-Promoting Peers/Resources involves (a) the inser
rate of Highly Active Peers (HAPS) aiming at both the promotion of locality and faster content distribution.
deals with the assessment of locality promotion, Section 4 with the insertion of local -ity-promoting peers/resource,
3 Locality Promotion As a selected example for a locality promotion ETM mechanism, the BGP-based one
uses the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) routing information to rate potential overlay neighbors according to their BGP routing distance to the local,
13 with BGP-based locality promotion using both BNS and BU (BGPLOC. For more details about the scenario and the used simulator refer to 11
mechanism into account, it can be concluded that the locality promotion mechanism in the ETMS may lead to a win-no lose situation, i e.,
and the promotion of Highly Active Peers (HAPS), specifics of methodology employed for their assessment
4. 2 Promotion of Highly Active Peers The Highly Active Peer (HAP) ETM mechanism 17 aims at promoting a more co
-urements and an instantaneous reaction of the ISP regarding peer promotion. A static case operates at a longer time range of several hours
however, the locality promotion mecha -nism provided by the SIS was used by all peers in AS1.
locality promotion mechanism, the mean download time decreases significantly (see difference between †No SIS€ and †0 HAPS€;
and (c) the promotion of HAPS. Further -more, this methodology has been employed to assess ETM mechanisms of another
BGP-based Locality Promotion for P2p Applica -tions. In: 19th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications and Net
-SNM further facilitates the promotion of distributed-decentralized management over a hierarchical distribution of management and (re-)configuration making levels:(
In the experimentation phase we focused on the (reassignment of operating frequencies to wireless NES and the vertical assisted handover of multi
provider requirements in shape of policy rules and promotions applicable to the final product. Infrastructure provider can also define the business negotiation of his ser
-man Service Manager allocates the human resources. A customised SLA Manager manages the negotiation with the Government and with the external Call center. A
-gies for handling human resources during negotiation and adjustment. This is still an ongoing task that has required several interviews with the operators working at the
project approach and core concepts to the case of human resources and human pro -vided services
Locality Promotion Insertion of Additional Locality-Promoting Peers/Resources Concluding Remarks References Deployment and Adoption of Future Internet Protocols
arising from the changes occurring in companies on human resources innovation, globalization, governance and borders. In the study
The promotion of research and innovation strategies for Smart Specialisation (RIS3) is one of the
policy interventions such as the promotion of technological progress through expenditures in Research and Development (R&d) activities, generally the traditional recipe for innovation.
light on these questions by investigating the role of government institutions for the promotion of
institutional factors affecting the successful promotion of innovation at the regional level in Europe. The
Local and regional authorities become key players in the promotion of the interactive collaboration between all relevant regional stakeholders for the collective identification of key innovation
over one hundred members of staff powered fewer than 10 companies†innovation engines. In terms of number of employees, our sample is representative for the larger
•active promotion and publication of Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation (RIS3 to motivate participation of key stakeholders
R&d capacity-building in infrastructure but also crucially in human resources and multi -disciplinary approaches; maximising use of generated knowledge through university-business dialogue
same academic staff cannot do everything †and do it well (teaching, research, regional development Academic staff needs to have a coherent set of incentives for each of the three missions
Several reflections were offered about how universities can deal with the three missions. One option could
assessment exercises and in promotion criteria c) Smart Specialisation as a new opportunity for collaboration between universities and regions
of human and physical capital will be crucial for the career development of young researchers in the future in addressing national and European innovation goals
•Developing R&d human resources (e g. doctoral school programme, supporting researcher mobility †top scientists, postdoctoral researches, full-and part-time studies of foreign Phd students, semester
of teaching staff at university, e-education (e-courses, study aids etc University of Tartu R&d expenditure has grown with the strong support of EU Structural Funds.
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