their work in bringing this process to a successful conclusion Finally, I wish to thank
-work for Sustainable Economic Renewal. †In addition, the following guidance documents have been issued by the Department of the Environment, Herit
the main means of transport to get to work is a car or van (77.6%of all work
At around a quarter of all trips to work, the use of green modes of transport approximately matches
•Facilitating works at St. Mullins •New recreation hall in Bagenalstown •New Town Parks in Carlow and Tullow
•Works have commenced on the water supply to Belview Port (completion 2010 •Contract signed for Thomastown Waste Water Treatment Plant
•Water conservation rehabilitation works wexford •Wexford Opera house •Broadband MAN in Wexford Town •M11 Gorey Bypass
opportunity to supplement their farm income through off-farm work Rural Development It is recognised that there will be locally generated growth in rural areas over the period of the RPGS and that
best practice through policy and work practices The Southeast Region contains over 15,000 Recorded Monuments protected under the National monuments
-able development of hubs and gateways, strategic developing areas and works to support employment creation
The Regional Authority will continue to work with local authorities, state agencies and service providers to ensure the swift and efficient roll out of broadband telecommunications infrastructure to smaller
-ed by local authorities through their Directors of Community and Enterprise and through the work of the County
attractive places to live, to work in and do business In this is the key to building critical mass and
which to live, work or to visit D9 Undertaking a coordinated approach to the protection of landscapes, in accordance with the European
and access work, education, shops and services is fundamental to the success of the settlement strategy.
-mute daily to work. Some may have roots in these areas, others may have no connection with the land but seek a
cases, locations chosen are considerable distances from where people work, reinforcing travel patterns that are dependent on car based commuting
-ground or the fact that they work full-time or part-time in rural areas. As a general principle, subject to good plan
The availability of a critical mass of labour and skills, underpinned by high quality business infrastructure,
The development of these locations would help to reduce travel to-work journey times Key Strategic Infrastructure to support development of the Hubs
work in partnership to develop local business incubator units in Key Local Towns identified in the relevant
PPO 4. 3 It is an objective of the Regional Authority to work in partnership with key stakeholders to
If balanced regional development is to work, the spatial structure must be supported by policies aimed at
PPO 4. 15 It is an objective of the Regional Authority to work with the relevant authorities including the
based on the work of Forfã¡s, the national advisory body for enterprise and science 4. 10.1 Enterprise Dynamic
However, continuing cost pressures, particularly in more labour intensive activities combined with the deteriorating economic conditions globally, sees the manufacturing sector facing serious
attracting and retaining skilled people, particularly internationally mobile skilled labour attracting knowledge intensive internationally mobile Foreign Direct Investment
perhaps also a missed opportunity to work with this distinctive diversity through a more coordinated approach
ilte Ireland Southeast, business and other tourism interests work collaboratively to develop and promote tourism.
transport to work, school, shopping and for recreational purposes. Cycling and walking are considered an effi
work with all the relevant agencies and local authorities to implement the upgrading of the N24 as set out in the N24 Prioritisation Study (Southeast Regional Authority, 2008
railway lines or where rail upgrade works are proposed, provision should be made for rail freight facilities including
are proposed and where upgrade works are planned Short -term RP8 Provision of a new rail-passenger platform on the North Quays in Waterford City as part
strategic developing areas and works to support employment creation will also be prioritised 5. 2. 2 Water conservation
strategic developing areas and works to support employment creation The need to focus on the quality of effluent produced is underlined by the Waste Water Discharge (Authorisation
where rail upgrade works are proposed, provision should be made for rail freight facilities including freight handling equipment
The Regional Authority will continue to work with local authorities, state agencies and service providers to ensure the swift and efficient rollout of broadband
Installation of carrier neutral ducting with all significant civil works such as roads, water and sewerage infrastructure
-work will be upgraded/maintained as required in order to ensure quality of power supply and minimise electrical faults. Early consultation by transmission system operators with Planning Authorities and other relevant bodies is
-work to Belview, to County wexford and to other centres of industry. All such projects will be re
Installation of carrier neutral ducting in conjunction with all significant civil works such as roads, water
-Within larger urban areas, internationally mobile labour with †in-demand†skills are attracted often to cities
-work Directive, WFD) into Irish law 16 www. wfdireland. ie/maps Regional Planning Guidelines for
Our built heritage is part of the environment we live and work in and refers to structures built by man, physical alterations
which used local materials and labour The majority of vernacular structures are rural and urban domestic dwellings such as thatched houses, ter
and possibly may become uncovered following development/excavation work -Promote access to, and public awareness of, archaeological sites and National monuments
•Promote the use of Irish in the Gaeltacht area in the home, schools and in the workplace
All programmes and works to develop the coastal walkway will be required to comply with the principles of sustainable development and all stages
It will be a matter for the local authorities in the region, through their annual and any multi-annual capital works
The work of the Implementation Committee will need, however to be supported by a number of other implementation groups dealing with more specific areas such as planning issues
Here we represent some of the key conclusions of our work in the form of sea stars
allowing people to see work as an activity rather than a place) and the importance
ways of work, play, learning activity 20 We propose •Every household, business and public building
medicine to work towards an overarching vision to design fabricate and achieve control of nanoscale systems, and
generally tackles issues of technology, labour and growth in relation to an explanation of individual behavior and price mechanisms
They urge for further academic work to analyze how and why development is the result of co-evolutionary processes involving
This report and the work of the panel were supported by DG Enterprise and Industry as part of the preparations
The work of drafting RIS3CAT was promoted and coordinated by a Steering committee formed by representatives from the ministries of Economy and Knowledge and
Business and Labour (see Section 4, Governance. The document was produced in a two-way, iterative process that combined both top-down and bottom-up approaches, as
factors as intensive use of labour and current growth of leading companies 5. Global sector trends (estimates of world demand, supply, prices, Community
R&i system that work in coincident sectors and cooperate to incorporate R&i into production activities in the leading sectors.
them to develop work programmes and consolidate their business activity in the global market Clusters are established by groups of research and innovation companies and stakeholders with
transfer of results from research work to the business fabric Within the context of the global economy and the knowledge society, it also becomes essential to
-Training and professionalisation to enable stakeholders to work in a global environment and on international projects
innovation, based on reducing administrative costs, improving job satisfaction and access to non -commercial goods (such as external, uncatalogued knowledge) or reducing supply costs,
the Secretariat for Business and Competitiveness (Ministry of Business and Labour 4. Governance 58 The main functions of the RIS3CAT Steering committee are
which works to optimise the system for financing Government initiatives with European funds and to identify new areas for cooperation within the framework of
The work of drafting RIS3CAT was promoted and coordinated by a Steering committee formed by representatives from the ministries of Economy and Knowledge and
Business and Labour (see Section 4, Governance. The document was produced in a two-way, iterative process that combined both top-down and bottom-up approaches, as
factors as intensive use of labour and current growth of leading companies 5. Global sector trends (estimates of world demand, supply, prices, Community
R&i system that work in coincident sectors and cooperate to incorporate R&i into production activities in the leading sectors.
them to develop work programmes and consolidate their business activity in the global market Clusters are established by groups of research and innovation companies and stakeholders with
transfer of results from research work to the business fabric Within the context of the global economy and the knowledge society, it also becomes essential to
-Training and professionalisation to enable stakeholders to work in a global environment and on international projects
innovation, based on reducing administrative costs, improving job satisfaction and access to non -commercial goods (such as external, uncatalogued knowledge) or reducing supply costs,
the Secretariat for Business and Competitiveness (Ministry of Business and Labour 4. Governance 58 The main functions of the RIS3CAT Steering committee are
which works to optimise the system for financing Government initiatives with European funds and to identify new areas for cooperation within the framework of
Putting entrepreneurial knowledge to work...13 How: Setting in motion regional change...13 Where: A role for every region...
Putting entrepreneurial knowledge to work Smart specialisation addresses the difficult problem of prioritisation and resource allocation
specialisation to work •Identifying sectors that can achieve critical mass should take into account the'principles of
plans and ongoing work. The studies try to identify what the weaknesses and strengths of the
with other regions and interregional work groups Example 2-International benchmarking in a Top Technology Region †Provinces of Limburg
Hence, the work for this analytical step of a RIS3 strategy should combine the above types of analyses with other analyses aiming at shedding light
Attractiveness of working conditions for researchers compared with other employment opportunities; facilitated mobility of research and innovation personnel between the public and the
of labour), context conditions for the operation of the cluster, labour market situation, etc It also involves an analysis of the linkages between the cluster and other clusters or
Tampere, Work Research center, Working Paper No. 85 (Final Report on Quadruple Helix Research for the CLIQ
supervising the work 39 programme, political and institutional support, and liaising with the European commission The chair of the SG was invariably a local notable drawn from the business community
•the existence of key assets and capabilities (incl. specialised skills and labour pools) for
concerned with generic issues (such as product development and work in partnership Business and Innovation Centres (BICS) are support organisations for innovative small and
the European Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) and EC work, which should not be hindered by the lack of a European consolidated vision in the near future
as well as experts to work directly on regional development priorities. Universities are a critical'asset'of the region, mainly
Europe and its regions more attractive places in which to invest and work •contribute to the social integration of marginalised groups of the population
'intelligent'customer. 130 This can be achieved through better preparatory work and capacity-building in procurement offices both as regards the identification of state-of-the
their innovation potential, for example through co-creation, workplace innovation or quadruple helix models (including civil society),
workplace innovation, co-creation, service innovation and social and/or green public procurement It is important to link business, the public sector, the social economy and civil society.
conference on workplace innovation in cooperation with the Flemish government. They are also coordinating the Social Innovation Europe Initiative, with an online hub for social innovators170
Putting entrepreneurial knowledge to work How: Setting in motion regional change Where: A role for every region
Putting entrepreneurial knowledge to work How: Setting in motion regional change Where: A role for every region
Competitiveness, as measured by unit labour costs has improved markedly although this partly reflects sectoral composition effects due to labour
shedding in low-skilled sectors, such as construction, and the strong performance of the high 1 General Government Consolidated Debt as a percentage of GDP.
work of rebuilding The irish economy, achieving sustainable economic growth, strong public finances, and enduring job creation. â€oeafter exiting the EU IMF Programme,
The 2014 Action Plan sets out how the Government will continue to work to build and sustain
The group carried out the bulk of its work in 2011. The high level objectives of the prioritisation exercise were outlined in the RPSG€ s Terms
which also supported the work of the Steering Group and assembled the evidence base upon which the findings
A significant input to the work of the Steering Group was background studies commissioned by
The work of the Steering group took account of complementary developments at EU level and
appointed to the groups to facilitate their work. The four TWGS and their respective scopes are
The PAG, through its ongoing work, provides a forum for coordination and alignment of the
Competitiveness, as measured by unit labour costs has improved markedly although this partly reflects sectoral composition effects due to labour
shedding in low-skilled sectors, such as construction, and the strong performance of the high 1 General Government Consolidated Debt as a percentage of GDP.
work of rebuilding The irish economy, achieving sustainable economic growth, strong public finances, and enduring job creation. â€oeafter exiting the EU IMF Programme,
The 2014 Action Plan sets out how the Government will continue to work to build and sustain
The group carried out the bulk of its work in 2011. The high level objectives of the prioritisation exercise were outlined in the RPSG€ s Terms
which also supported the work of the Steering Group and assembled the evidence base upon which the findings
A significant input to the work of the Steering Group was background studies commissioned by
The work of the Steering group took account of complementary developments at EU level and
appointed to the groups to facilitate their work. The four TWGS and their respective scopes are
The PAG, through its ongoing work, provides a forum for coordination and alignment of the
ï labour 3 ï responsibility Slogan †Northeast Region †smart specialization through people and local productsâ€
team work ksills. In this context, a internship financing is imposed as necesarry to increase their attractivity and impact
ï Panel work (13 panels) to flesh out the shortlisted fields †elaboration of 6-8 R&i
o One of the key inputs in the work of panels fleshing out the shortlisted smart
It is also important that we review some of our previous works in order to put in context the present
revolutionize how the processes work, is on an upward trend. If mixed with proper financing and
financial incentives for employees to develop new ideas, job rotation of staff, multidisciplinary or cross-functional work teams, nonfinancial incentives for employees
and training employees on how to develop new ideas or creativity 4. SMES should develop strategies that integrate R&d and innovation.
This work was cofinanced from the European Social Fund through Sectoral Operational Programme Human resources Development 2007-2013, project number POSDRU/159/1. 5/S/142115 †Performance
well as younger workers that leave school without qualifications. Participation rates among workers with the lowest education levels is less than half that of those at the highest (tertiary) levels in the West
It works in partnership with Irish enterprises to help them start, grow, innovate and conquer
learnt about how MNCS work, what quality standards they require, what technology they use, how they plan
useful examples that could work as a model The renowned High tech Grã nderfonds in Germany is a valuable example of a fund that
so it often works in partnership with other funding entities such as banks, venture capitalists, local government etc.
the output of its work. The center would be designed to attract motivated young scientists
ICT have become essential in supporting the work of legislative bodies Furthermore, e-democracy provides elected representatives with unprecedented
•creating a broadband passive infrastructure (civil engineering works in synergy with the work of developing another type of infrastructure-energy
transport, water, etc..The Commission has allocated for Romania through the European Fund for Regional Development (EFRD) 101.2 million euros.
 work  as  journalist  and  policy  consultant  for  energy
 work  of  the  Task  Force  has  contributed  to
 work  of  expert  group  1. 24  In  2012
 work  programme   envisages  the  finalisa- † Â
 work  programme  European  Commission  Brussels  European  Technology  Platform
and supportive, much visibility given to our work in 2012 at a regional national and European level
ï The analytical work is being done so far by the referred document, the survey and the future
Building and Civil Works ï¿Steel transformation ï¿Car components ï¿Electric and Electronics devices
interviews and work groups with participation of representatives from government businesses, business associations, universities, research centers, technology transfer
of work and large imbalances in the use of ICT depending on the company size •Lack of adaptation of regulated training
 work  on  Research  and  Innovation  vis- †Ã- †vis
 work  The  problem  is  to  do  the  matrix
 work  Limited  information  about  speciaic  activities  results  indicators
 work  SWOT  and  strategic  objectives  are  different  Technically
Leveraging resistance to change and the skunk works model of innovation. J. Econ. Behav. Organ. 72 (1), 274†289
-works. The case of Switzerland and the world watch industry. Res. Policy 21 469†485
The division of labour is limited by the extent of the market. J. Polit Econ. 59, 185†193
identify good practice and work to coordinate domestic and international policies The OECD member countries are:
the European communities takes part in the work of the OECD OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation†s statistics gathering and
This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-general of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official
driver of growth in output per unit of labour and capital invested, and an important basis
workplace organisation and external relations. In this framework, new firm creation through entrepreneurship (which typically generates new SME entities but occasionally also â€oeborn
and to attract highly-skilled labour from abroad SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 17
This works best when entrepreneurship support is embedded within teaching, entrepreneurship is seen as a strategic objective and
Their advice and joint work with SME workforces upgrades skills, increasing the ability of SMES to develop,
attracting highly-skilled labour from abroad â Measures for SME cross-border alliances should include providing information and
â In the spirit of â€oebrain circulationâ€, policy should seek to attract talented labour from
for its arrival has been the out-sourcing of standardised production from high-to low-labour
capital and labour stocks. It is therefore critical for policy to stimulate knowledge creation and exploitation in firms
implementation of new organisational methods in firms†business practices, workplace organisation and external relations can have substantial impacts on firmsâ€
techniques on the work floor. It may also be the source of rapid growth for some firms
respect to business practices, workplace organisation and marketing (OECD, 2010a forthcoming Another issue is that whereas technological innovation tends to be associated more
Furthermore, some empirical work casts doubt on a general characterisation of small firms as breakthrough innovators and large firms as incremental innovators (Chandy
of problem-solving work teams and engagement with external knowledge intensive service activity providers such as consultants (OECD, 2010a, forthcoming
labour from overseas and building cross-national SME alliances Chapter 4 examines the skills issue.
method in business practices, workplace organisation or external relations. Four types are identified â Product innovation:
practices, workplace organisation or external relations Indicators on product and process innovations presented in this chapter correspond to innovatio
works to boost the innovativeness of regional SMES, by leveraging additional risk capital for new ventures
whole, these programmes have provided incentives to both university and the private sector to work together, whilst cushioning the financial risk for people willing to invest in technology-based start-ups
and to strengthen the networks that are necessary for this work. VINNOVA has a total budget of almost
and provides funding to the evaluation and certification of labour skills. The execution of specific projects is made through consultancy firms and technical training organisations
supports the joint work of different government institutions towards the development of innovative technology-based MSMES
work as experts. By the beginning of 2009,16 500 projects had been presented to the Foundation, and of
individuals, which may originate from educational background as well as past work or market experience. Past entrepreneurial experience is particularly relevant, because it
and skilled labour, good quality of infrastructure and other facilities, proximity to natural resources that are key to the production process, a better match between employers and
training or the attraction and retention of qualified labour, but is generated also by the very
and iii) attraction of skilled labour. All three can contribute to the generation, transmission and exploitation of knowledge, thus increasing technological
capital and productive labour. However, as recent OECD work shows, qualified people can also accrue skills more rapidly abroad
and this can benefit the country of origin if they decide to return home or cooperate with the home country at some point (OECD, 2004;
â Economic performance indicators, e g. labour productivity; turnover per employee growth rates according to turnover, value added or employment;
analysis. For instance, some key economic indicators, such as labour productivity or firm profitability, can be expected to be correlated with company characteristics such as legal
Dynamic territorial indicators, such as employment or labour productivity growth rates in a given period, present particular characteristics in terms of potential sources of
working environment. There are three broad skills categories: basic, advanced and converging Basic skills are those more generic and routine skills found in occupations present in most
social and communication skills needed for team work, and specific language and cultural skills that are of growing importance in certain multicultural working environments
Converging skills require several of the other skills plus skills specific to entrepreneurship, or for
ICT professional skills, research skills (e g. work developed by engineers, researchers, marketing professionals) and drafting skills
skills needed in a working environment. The skill to cooperate for success involves the capacity undertake successfully the following activities
(and unlearn) from life situations inside and outside the work environmen Source: Adapted from Green et al.
However, it is argued often that the working environment rather than formal education is where â€oeentrepreneurs†learn the most.
education, vocational education and schools) and in work environments (focusing on informal entrepreneurship learning at work through the involvement of workers in
) The work found that on average, the US universities were strongest on these five dimensions, although Canada performed equally well in terms of educational scope and
The work has developed also a criteria list of good practice across the six dimensions from
Other people go on to work in larger SMES and may benefit from training provided before employment or in lifelong learning activities whilst in employment
â have knowledge and understanding of the nature of work and social and economic enterprise
â have an understanding and appreciation of the world of work, the value of different
entrepreneurial skills can be acquired through in-house team work for development of a new product. They may also be acquired
external professionals or in SME employee work groups (OECD, 2006; Martinez-Fernandez and Martinez-Solano, 2006.
professionals introduce their embedded knowledge to the SME and work with its employees in pursuit of new or improved solutions to current needs of the firm †at the
SME work with external KISA suppliers is important because the professionals brought in apply their expertise to the management of increasingly complex
for example to improve work processes (such as quality control, marketing and product development) with SME employees learning from or together with their co-workers.
related to work that are organised not in terms of learning objectives, learning time or learning support (CEDEFOP, 2008b
learning resulting from daily activities related to work, family or leisure. It is organised not or structured in terms of objectives, time or learning support.
Metal Products†(an Australian SME specialised in metal work and machinery) involves floor workers with engineers in activities oriented to find new uses for old machinery
interactive skills required in the work place. Further development is needed, especially in the context of the new green growth economy and in occupations that depart from
and impact on skills upgrading and employability of the labour force. Entrepreneurship policies should pay more attention to this way of developing
training gave to novice entrepreneurs to discuss work problems and test out solutions with real entrepreneurs and experts
It involves internal or external consultants that work with the business owner or managers to think about processes, business models or solutions to specific problems.
temporary work agencies and group training companies), local and regional government agencies, and community representatives.
with opportunities to work in existing SMES and to add value to these firms through
Agriculture, works to meet the training demand of its 325 000 registered enterprises. The institutional task is to contribute to the development of an entrepreneurial culture, building on
), Towards Integration of Work and Learning: Strategies for Connectivity and Transformation, Springer United kingdom, pp. 153-170
-L. and P. Tynjã¤lã¤(2009), Towards Integration of Work and Learning: Strategies for Connectivity
and (limited) voluntary work, they can provide services at a lower, more affordable, price SIEL Beu (Box 5. 6) is a French social enterprise promoted by Ashoka, an organisation
physical activities in the workplace demonstrates the importance of the services it delivers. Focusing on preventative health has the result of reducing public spending on
workplace, or move on to self employment. The positive results gained from its work with women across Bristol have led to the project†s longevity:
Silai for Skills has been in operation for 19 years. Women of all ages, backgrounds and skill levels are welcome, and
which works as a training department for healthcare professionals working with the elderly. There is also GPS Santã, a commercial venture
workers through regular physical activity exercises in the workplace With the help of strong national and local networks and allies, SIEL Bleu has been able to
but is unable to pay for them, the association works with the person to reach a compromise
The work of The Lab is divided into three distinct parts Challenge Lab looks at the contribution innovation can make to services, with an initial
and Learning Lab seeks to disseminate what works and what does not work (www. nesta. org. uk
2007 Social innovation â€oecan simply be understood as †new ideas that work which address social or environmental
invention, which are vital to innovation but miss out the hard work of implementation and diffusion that
Social innovation refers to new ideas that work in meeting social goals Defined in this way the term has, potentially, very wide boundaries †from gay partnerships to new
for-profit businesses innovating new approaches to helping disabled people into work But these definitions provide a reasonable starting point
between SMES and foreign direct investment ventures and attracting highly-skilled labour from abroad 3. Strengthen entrepreneurial human capital
but also social and communication skills related to team work and language skills Basic skills Generic and routine skills found in occupations present in most industries and
of skilled workers about where to live and work. These factors can include tolerance towards diversity, active cultural life, large green spaces, presence of recreational
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