As Thomas Kuhn noted in his seminal work, paradigm shift involves changing the basic assumptions that underlie an entire discipline (1962
Does active learning work? A review of the research. Journal of engineering education, 93 (3), 223-231
Prior works, for the most part ignore the processes involved in the use of IT as a means of generating greater
Organizational Factors, †Ergonomics 40 (2), 851†871 Cooper, J. 1998. â€oea Multidimensional Approach to the Adoption of Innova
Doesn†t Always Work: Continuing the Search for Consistency in Innovation Research, †Academy of Management
at the workplace Norway is ranked 15th this year, up by one place and showing progress in a number of areas
R&d and technological capacity (118th) work against developing the country†s overall capacity to innovate and
summarises the conclusions of this work 2 The Supergreen Project Supergreen1 is a 3 year Coordination
-turers, research and academic works, and the project consortium. The survey resulted in a list of 200 representative technologies of the following categories
After an extended review on industry and academic works 8†11, the impact of the 58 green technologies on the KPIS was quantified.
This work revealed the need for adequate and consistent statistical information on transport corridor flows that would allow a precise quantification of the European
It is our belief that the results of this work support the general conclusion that the
Acknowledgments Our work was supported by the European commission within the 7th Framework Programme under project grant agreement TREN/FP7TR/233573/††SUPER
This brochure contains two outcomes of the actual work we do to stimulate and support the coordination and cooperation of national Smart Grids R&d initiatives in
The underlying motto throughout the whole work package (WP) 4 ʠԠInformation flow
Figure 1 Underlying Ԡmottoâ'†throughout work package 4 So this means that for the success of the work package ԠImplementation of Joint
Activitiesâ'†it is vital to -keep communication flow up -redistribute collected information after preparation and
other work packages Task 4. 4 Expansion to other programmes -Identification of benefits FOR &
Input for other work packages  †EU-Walk to Smart Grids Excellenceà Task 4. 3
other work packages Figure 2 Schematic depiction of ԠWP4  †Implementation of Joint Activitiesâ'â€:
programme works, etc. R&d Framework, Programmes & Policy National offcial documents, laws & rules Scenarios, Project information
programme, how the programme works, etc x Laws and/or rules which form the basis for R&d programme funding
series of structural and impulse-programmes and closely works together with industry and research institutions to provide adequate framework conditions to foster
demonstration funding, reflecting the need for scientific work in the Smart Grids area Hence, there are several programmes promoting research in the energy field in
networks, complementing work currently pursued by researchers in France in order to explore in greater detail other possible futures for electricity
RENERGI Work Programme 2010-2013 www. forskningsradet. no/servlet/Satellite? blobcol=urldata&blobheader=application%2f pdf&blobheadername1=Content
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attributionnoncommercial-Sharealike 4. 0 International License Principal investigator and main author
and works through a combination of research, investments networks, grant funding and practical support to innovators
One example of the potential in mobilising citizens to create collective knowledge is done the work by Cancer Research UK
for Europe and under the Horizons 2020 Work Programme As shown in this research, Europe has pioneered a reasonably comprehensive set of
under the Horizon 2020 Work Programme and in particular, but not limited to the Collective Awareness Platforms
Environment, Education and Skills, Culture and Arts, Work and Employment, Participation and Democracy, Neighbourhood Regeneration, Science
economies work †for example, valorising labour time equally, or linking currencies to data. In East Africa the development of M-PESA (a mobile financial payment system born
Projects and areas of work like Safecast or open source Geiger, the Smart Citizen Kit and open wearables are showing interesting
-work where bgiegie owners could share the data they were collecting. Safecast then worked with hackerspaces and used
The World wide web Consortium (W3c), an international community that works on developing and advocating for Open
Standards, the P2p foundation, that works on promoting peer-to-peer practices, and the Iot Council, promoting an open
The work by Nesta in the UK, on the tech for good incubator Bethnal Green Ventures, and the Waag society in Amsterdam, working on setting up and hosting
-works, and open hardware Through case study analysis we have sought to build up an understanding of
Most European cities work with sensors that monitor environmental conditions. Pollution, temperature, humidity and light sensors are installed that provide information that could be used to develop
sensor net works, free interoperable network services, open Wifi bottom-up-broadband, distribut ed social networks, p2p infrastructures
-works that incorporate a wide variety of wired and wireless links, nodes, routing, applica -tions and users.
The work by Tor on creating secure, privacy-aware and crypto tools that bounce Internet users†and websites†traffic
examples include the work by the Estonian Government and the not-for-profit Praxis on the Meiraha project,
as is the work by the social innovation research project COMMUNIA. The European Thematic Network on the Digital Public domain is an international association
open research works, is FLOK Society in Ecuador 45growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe
The work by organisations like Raspberry Pi and Arduino illustrates the potential in open hardware
OCRACY CULTURE AND ARTS HEALTH AND WELLBEING WORK AND EMPLOYMENT S MA RT PU BL
Work and Employment DSI AREAS AREAS OF SOCIETY New ways of making Funding acceleration and incubation
OCRACY CULTURE AND ARTS HEALTH AND WELLBEING WORK AND EMPLOYMENT S MA RT PU BL
Work and Employment DSI AREAS AREAS OF SOCIETY New ways of making Funding acceleration and incubation
strategy of case study interviews, work -shops and events relevant to these com -munities, we have identified DSI actors as
-works in more depth than disconnected social networks. However, it is a large sample and thus worth exploring in de
-works and includes organisations such as iminds, Fairphone, the City of Amsterdam and Fab Lab Barcelona.
-works and new ways of making. The col -laborative economy and open knowledge is the specialty of the second largest †but
work together would strengthen the over -all resilience of DSI in Europe by com -bining open hardware, open data, open
The work -shop brought together over 70 DSI prac -titioners, researchers, experts, and poliy makers from different European coun
first won†t work. But it†s only through the process of constant idea creation that you
As outcome of the DSI policy work shop we have designed a Bottom-up Policy Toolkit for practicioners and policy mak
their work What the biggest barriers were that they faced and how to address them (through
It is important that you leave at least half of the time for participants to ask questions
what works (and what doesn†t). Finally it†s important to acknowledge that policy may not be able to solve some problems
-ticular public institutions and work done with public money †should be open and transparent
of creators (to control their work and to be able to make a living from their creativity) and the interests of society (access to
networks and to create collaborative work environments. In this context labs can be understood as spaces
•Observing potential users to see if the product works in their context •Quantitative responses to the idea, for example survey potential users to test
tools digital social innovations can apply to capture the impact of their work, from user
The work done by Wikiprogress is exploring new digital tools for including people in relation to what should be measured through the development of indicators, as well
beautiful design work Thank you to the projects Advisory Group who have been generous in sharing their own experience from working with
Putting entrepreneurial knowledge to work...12 How: Setting in motion regional change...12 Where: A role for every region...
Putting entrepreneurial knowledge to work Smart specialisation addresses the difficult problem of prioritisation and resource allocation
specialisation to work ï¿Identifying sectors that can achieve critical mass should take into account the'principles of
plans and ongoing work. The studies try to identify what the weaknesses and strengths of the
with other regions and interregional work groups Example 2-International benchmarking in a Top Technology Region †Provinces of Limburg
Hence, the work for this analytical step of a RIS3 strategy should combine the above types of analyses with other analyses aiming at shedding light
Attractiveness of working conditions for researchers compared with other employment opportunities; facilitated mobility of research and innovation personnel between the public and the
of labour), context conditions for the operation of the cluster, labour market situation, etc It also involves an analysis of the linkages between the cluster and other clusters or
Tampere, Work Research center, Working Paper No. 85 (Final Report on Quadruple Helix Research for the CLIQ
supervising the work 39 programme, political and institutional support, and liaising with the European commission The chair of the SG was invariably a local notable drawn from the business community
the existence of key assets and capabilities (incl. specialised skills and labour pools) for each of the areas proposed and,
development and work in partnership Business and Innovation Centres (BICS) are support organisations for innovative
Infrastructures (ESFRI) and EC work, which should not be hindered by the lack of a European consolidated vision in the near future
through better preparatory work and capacity-building in procurement offices both as regards the identification of state-of-the-art
example through co-creation, workplace innovation or quadruple helix models including civil society), however, they require a considerable mentality change
microfinance,(e-)health and ageing, workplace innovation, co-creation, service innovation and social and/or green public procurement
enterprises, and organise a conference on workplace innovation in cooperation with the Flemish government. They are also coordinating the Social Innovation
WORK PROGRAMME 2014 †2015 7. Innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises Revised This Work Programme was adopted on 10 december 2013.
The parts that relate to 2015 topics, dates, budget) have revised, with this version, been updated. The changes
HORIZON 2020 †WORK PROGRAMME 2014-2015 Innovation in SMES PART 7-Page 2 of 35
HORIZON 2020 †WORK PROGRAMME 2014-2015 Innovation in SMES PART 7-Page 3 of 35
While certain Work Programme parts and areas have been identified explicitly as participating in the Pilot on
HORIZON 2020 †WORK PROGRAMME 2014-2015 Innovation in SMES PART 7-Page 4 of 35
SME participation is encouraged throughout this work programme and in particular in the priorities Industrial Leadership and Societal Challenges
SME instrument are described in the respective parts of the work programme. A complete list of topics and indicative budgets are provided below
HORIZON 2020 †WORK PROGRAMME 2014-2015 Innovation in SMES PART 7-Page 5 of 35
HORIZON 2020 †WORK PROGRAMME 2014-2015 Innovation in SMES PART 7-Page 6 of 35
as access to the financial facilities supported under Access to Risk Finance of this work
demographic change and wellbeing work programme part 7 The commercialisation plan must demonstrate a credible path to the market also demonstrating the capacities
HORIZON 2020 †WORK PROGRAMME 2014-2015 Innovation in SMES PART 7-Page 7 of 35
HORIZON 2020 †WORK PROGRAMME 2014-2015 Innovation in SMES PART 7-Page 8 of 35
General Annexes to the work programme, with the following exceptions Topic identifier Proposals for phase 1 are required not to provide a draft plan for
part H of the General Annexes to the work programme, with the following exceptions Topic identifier Proposals will be evaluated individually
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General Annexes to the work programme, with the following exceptions INNOSUP-1-2015 1. At least 75%of the total proposed budget shall be allocated to SMES
part H of the General Annexes to the work programme, with the following exceptions INNOSUP-1-2015
HORIZON 2020 †WORK PROGRAMME 2014-2015 Innovation in SMES PART 7-Page 25 of 35
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suitable coaches and support their work that would address the recognised barriers to growth on the basis of a jointly agreed †coaching planâ€.
HORIZON 2020 †WORK PROGRAMME 2014-2015 Innovation in SMES PART 7-Page 27 of 35
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of Enterprise Europe Network) that work in regions with a weakly developed consulting base and no own assessment and consulting tools;
HORIZON 2020 †WORK PROGRAMME 2014-2015 Innovation in SMES PART 7-Page 29 of 35
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business associations, for their work with the SMES as well as training material for SMES HORIZON 2020 †WORK PROGRAMME 2014-2015
Innovation in SMES PART 7-Page 31 of 35 ï Demonstration of concrete cases, to business development organisations and managers
ii) for the work with SME and (iii) during the design of new SME innovation support actions
HORIZON 2020 †WORK PROGRAMME 2014-2015 Innovation in SMES PART 7-Page 32 of 35
This action will support the work of the Advisory Group â€oeinnovation in SMES€. The Group
various work programmes and activities. Activities financed will include, but will not be limited to, assessments,
HORIZON 2020 †WORK PROGRAMME 2014-2015 Innovation in SMES PART 7-Page 33 of 35
The work of the expert group will be essential to get a better overview of the investment
to Risk Finance Work Programme), and should help ensure greater access to risk finance by
HORIZON 2020 †WORK PROGRAMME 2014-2015 Innovation in SMES PART 7-Page 34 of 35
Detailed budgets of the common call of the SME instrument is provided in the introduction of this work
programme part and in the budget tables of the individual work programme parts 31 The budget figures given in this table are rounded to two decimal places
HORIZON 2020 †WORK PROGRAMME 2014-2015 Innovation in SMES PART 7-Page 35 of 35
see Part 17 of the work programme 0. 06 of which half from 02.040203 and half
see Part 17 of the work programme 0. 03 of which half from 02.040203 and half
which to live and work. They improve Europe†s competitiveness, boosting growth and job creation. At the same time, research and innovation help make people†s lives
Welfare, Wealth and Work for Europe in the long term? These are essential questions about Europe†s future that need
Welfare, Wealth and Work for Europe †WWWFOREUROPE Supported by a â 8 million contribution from the EU 7th Framework programme, WWWFOREUROPE includes 33
well this new software works. Researchers in the TABULA RASA project are looking into the growing phenomenon
determine how well the economic opportunity system works and the extent to which it is inclusive of the poor
In developing countries, ICTS offer tremendous potential to eliminate or at least work around a number of critical obstacles to economic growth (see Box 1
ICTS collapse distance and time, overcoming geographic isolation and substituting for expensive travel and lost work
15,000 developers directly but works externally with more than 750,000. 39 Large ICT companies are undertaking a variety of efforts to expand these partner networks or ecosystems
Through 110 Innovation Centers in 60 countries, Microsoft works with local universities, industry associations, government agencies,
sector partners on different projects †including 40 ICT business incubators around the world †in its work
those wishing to work with its platforms, and it makes significant investments in them. Microsoft†s Enterprise
Microsoft generally considers its work done and does not track that person further Alternatively, if a user starts his or her own business,
economies frequently forced graduates to relocate to find work. Fifty-nine percent, almost all of those that
is to work with thousands of small programmers and consultants around the world to spur â€oeinnovation via
Making Business Work for the Poor. Report to the Secretary-general of the United nations. New york, NY:
How to create public private partnerships with NGOS that work in emerging markets. Cisco systems Internal White paper
Making Business Work for the Poor. Report of the Commission on the Private Sector and Development to the Secretary
Mr. Kramer†s work in the nonprofit arena followed a 30-year career as an entrepreneur, principally in the book industry.
Our work is influencing the way business leaders think about markets, profit, poverty and the environment WRI's Markets and Enterprise Program produces economically sound policies, bold vision,
-sons who are preoccupied with day-to-day work, diffi -culties in adopting high technology, a lack of advanced
-tine and administrative work. Market research, for example, is very rare in Upper Austrian SMES (17
-works. Technology intensive firms are usually more involved in innovation networks, both on local and inter
SWP) and Research and Training Centre for Labour and Technology Steyr (FAZAT. The other four †Incu
The Research and Training Centre for Labour and Technology (FAZAT) is located in one of the old indus
-ners†(trade union, chamber of labour, chamber of commerce) and major Austrian companies Basically, the FFF pursues a bottom-up strategy which
International Institute for Labour Stud -ies, Geneva Saxenian, A.,1994. Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in
-works, Innovations and Local Development in Industrialised Countries†(edited jointly with E. Bergman and G. Maier
This report is part of the work undertaken to realise Work Package 2 within the CRIPREDE project.
The work package†s main objective is to identify current regional policies fostering innovation and technology transfer as well as †good practice†policy
-work for identifying good practices on RTD and regional development, outlining dimen -sions of RTD, factors and processes influencing regional RTD and current policy initia
2 As outlined in the description of work of the CRIPREDE project, originally we aimed at identifying and
inherent division of labour between enterprises and institutions, in short: the overarching innovation systems. The main characteristics of any such system are its enterprises
These include, for example, a well-educated labour force and professional labour markets (Simmie et al. 2003), attractive and †fashionable†places to live with high social
qualified labour and a generally good infrastructure of business support institutions However, although infrastructure can create the context for an innovative region, infra
-works, while simultaneously providing shortcuts to information and knowledge (Elfring and Hulsink 2003. Uzzi (1997) pointed out that strong ties contribute to †economies of
In this context, the works on the creative milieu suggest that high communicators play an important role for network development at re
-works to legitimate themselves To sum up, with regard to regional R&d, key actors are an important factor for a re
being overcritical of Florida†s works, their policy framework offers valuable insight into how regions might go about fostering RTD. 13
on a pool of qualified labour; they can obtain a good overview of customers†needs
motion picture industry, where climate and cheap labour played a triggering role; pools of specific expertise,
Not only price for labour is an advantage but also the quality of the work -force: The Indians are seen as ambitious and capable people who are international
-works) that supported the settlement of foreign enterprises. In Bangalore subsidies were given on an enterprise level (e g.,
-dents†project work, have created skills highly demanded in product development inten -sive firms†(Dalum et al. 1999: 184.
-perienced an extraordinary increase of the number of establishments and textile work -ers based on the foundation of numerous new SMES and a constant inflow of
-side the district, often from countries with a lower level of labour costs. Furthermore the firms reacted to the crisis by upgrading
extensive division of labour. This means the enterprises are highly dependent on one another to be able to carry out their own tasks.
cheaper production cost due to a lower level of labour costs for Tuttlingen†s producers But on the other hand this could foster increasing competition and the danger of loos
Tuttlingen†s employees work in lead and growth sectors compared to only 33.7%in overall Germany (Prognos 2006;
skilled labour Policies for up -grading skills R&d policies policies for up -grading skills Attitude to
by policies aimed at attracting highly skilled labour. This could include remigration policies as in the case of Bangalore, where the Indian government fostered the remigration of
-works highly dependent on each other, the potential problem of reciprocal ties that stronger firms might have to back up weaker firms
-tute for Labour Studies, Geneva, pp. 37-51 Becattini, G. 1991: The industrial district as a creative milieu.
-stitute for Labour Studies, Geneva, pp. 10-19 Cainelli, G. and R. Zoboli (eds.:The Evolution of Industrial Districts:
Qualified Labour Migration and Regional Knowledge Economies. In: R Hayter and R. Leheron (eds.:Knowledge, Territory and Industrial Space.
-works: A Comparative Study of Success and Demise. Administrative Science Quarterly 45 (2), 327-65
Why Butterflies don†t leave †Spatial Development of new Firms. Paper presented at ERSA 2005. econpapers. repec. org.
Sebw continues the successful work of the E-business W@tch which since January 2002, has analysed e-business developments and impacts in manufacturing
Employees with internet access at their workplace...86 3. 9 Summary and conclusions of ICT and e-business deployment...
4. 1. 3 ICT impact on labour productivity growth...99 4. 1. 4 Summary: ICT impact on output
reorganisation of work processes. It appears that the availability of qualified personnel with specialised skills is limited quite in the transport
Chapter 4 assesses the impact of the developments described in Chapter 3 on work processes and employment, innovation and productivity,
In parallel to the work of the Sebw, the"Sectoral Innovation Watch"(see www. europe -innova. org) analyses innovation performance and challenges across different EU sectors
8 The 2006 ICT Standardisation Work Programme complements the Commission's"Action Plan for European Standardisation"of 2005 by dealing more in detail with ICT matters
developed by standards communities to underpin their practical work Examples include Business:""a series of processes, each having a clearly understood
NSIS were available (e g. for hours worked by labour type. Various series were linked in order to bridge different vintages of the national accounts according to a
variables (like the percentage of employees with internet access at their workplace and analyse their main characteristics in terms of e-business adoption and results
Improvement of Living and Working conditions ICT for goods Tracking and tracing Route+load optimisation Delivery optimisation
shows that in the transport and logistics industries, high-skilled labour is more important than either medium-or low-skilled labour for productivity increases (see Section 4. 1
To a large extent the demand comes from SMES, which often face substantial difficulties in attracting qualified ICT and e-business professionals in competition with larger players
The delivery of e-skills training can benefit from the development of work-based training
technology is used actually in business processes to innovate work processes and business routines with support of ICT.
2003-2004 Work programme of FP6 82 The European commission has taken several strides towards encouraging the development of
workplace computer The first level includes a core system with the inventory management, the master data
standard, work still need to be done to achieve this end-goal Results from the present Sebw survey show a very limited use of RFID technologies yet
workplace In this section we perform an advanced cluster analysis on the survey results using the percentage of employees that have internet access at their workplace as the main
clustering analysis. With this type of analysis we use the clustering data analysis technique to group the different transport
have internet access at their workplace. Then we try to assess statistical relationships between the different internet access and usage by employees at the work place clusters
and different variables In the following table we have the clustering algorithm results for the variable â€oepercentage
that have internet access at their workplace Clusters Number of firms in each cluster Percentage of
workplace Percentage of firms having a LAN Percentage of firms having A w -LAN Percentage of firms
internet access at their workplace, in the low cluster the mean of percentage of employees that have internet access at their workplace is 9,
%the medium cluster has a mean of 44%of employees that have internet access at their workplace and the high
cluster 98%of employees that have internet access at their workplace Exhibit 3. 8-2 shows a clear correlation between the percentage of employees that have
internet access at their workplace clusters and the means of variables like percentage of firms having a LAN, A w-LAN and their on website.
Showing that the level of internet access among the employees (and the implied computer usage) is related to the LAN, W
workplace vs. LAN and W-LAN and company website usage variables (means of percentages of firms
%of employees with internet access at their workplace %of firms with a LAN %of firms with A w-LAN
workplace vs. company size groups (percentage of companies 32 53 54 44 35 25 20
workplace vs. Transport and Logistics sectors (percentage of companies 42 26 18 25 24 22
have internet access at their workplace is positive to improve the competitive position of the company in the transport and logistics sectors.
have internet access at their workplace also yields more relative probabilities of increasing the turnover (in the last financial year.
workplace vs. Increase or decrease in market share of companies in the last 12 months
workplace vs. Increase or decrease in turnover of companies in the last 12 months percentage of companies
composition and the demand for labour, most importantly with regard to knowledge and skills. All these characteristics determine the level of competition in the industry
influence the demand for labour and its composition. It may also further shape the relationships with suppliers and customers, for example with regard to collaboration
found to have positive effects on labour productivity and total factor productivity (Pilat 2005). ) An important finding is,
i e. on a company's ability to innovate its work processes and business routines with support of ICT.
growth accounting, such as labour and intermediate inputs. Therefore, it can be expected that total factor productivity growth jointly accelerates with higher investment in ICT
towards skilled workers, reducing demand for unskilled labour and increasing wage 111 TFP is a measure for disembodied technical change in a production process.
for skilled labour and decrease the same for unskilled labour (†digital divideâ€. The analysis will therefore focus on the interdependence of ICT investments with skill
ICT and high-and medium-skilled labour have a positive impact on TFP growth in the transport and logistics sector
-capital and non-ICT-capital, working hours and labour quality by means of growth accounting
2. Section 4. 1. 3 looks at the overall development of labour productivity growth in the
-capital investment on labour productivity growth (in terms of gross production value per total hours worked), based on an econometrically estimated stochastic production
Hours Worked Labour composition ICT Capital Non ICT Capital Total factor productivity Source: EUKLEMS database, GGDC;
4. 1. 3 ICT impact on labour productivity growth Labour productivity growth in the transport and logistics sector
The EU KLEMS data contains consistent annual data for a subset of the EU-27 (typically
Data on labour input are available in terms of labour productivity employment, average hours worked per employee and total working hours.
Exhibit 4. 1-3 shows that pattern of labour productivity growth varies a lot across the EU
Labour productivity growth in the transport and storage sector in the EU-15,1980-2004 annual average growth rates in%,various sub-periods
acceleration in labour productivity growth similar to that reported for the U s. Gordon 2004; Jorgenson et al.
) High average growth in labour productivity can virtually only be detected for Greece (with remarkably high average labour productivity growth
regarding common labour productivity growth patterns in the transport and storage sector Exhibit 4. 1-4 reports the employment growth figures.
The impact of ICT on labour productivity growth Based on the secondary intermediate inputs and the two primary input factors (i e
and labour input measured in working hours, broken down into three different types of skills),
except of the ICT capital stock and medium-skilled labour intensity, all other parameter values in Exhibit 4. 1-6 are significantly different from zero at the 5%significance level. 116
Low-skilled labour and non-ICT-capital intensities are included not here since we found them to be insignificant even at the 10%-level
intensity (0. 22) and the high-skilled labour intensity (0. 21) are found to be a key
components of labour productivity growth. With respect to skill levels, high-skilled labour has a positive impact on productivity increases in the EU transportation sector
while both, medium-skilled and low-skilled labour does not have a significant impact. 117
sectors, we found that labour skills play a more important role in influencing productivity in the transportation sector than in the steel industry,
In contrast, physical ICT-capital investment does not have a significant impact on labour productivity.
2000) who found a high impact of ICT capital on U s. labour productivity growth. 118 Finally, no significant average annual rate of technical progress for the common
117 For medium-skilled labour the estimated coefficient is not only insignificant but also exhibits a negative sign
High-skilled labour intensity and intermediate inputs intensity are found to be key drivers for labour productivity growth (measured as gross production value per
working hours No significant average annual rate of technical progress towards the estimated production possibility frontier was found
intermediate inputs as key drivers of labour productivity growth. Ã ICT by itself is not
Only high-skilled labour had a positive growth impact à indicates a skill-biased technological change with ICT-capital as its
possibility frontier revealed that, due to greater detailed structure on the labour inputs decomposed on skill-classes and the inclusion of intermediate inputs, the direct positive
link between ICT-capital investments and labour productivity growth is probably much weaker. Rather, the share of high-skilled labour and the intermediate inputs intensity
appear to be of higher importance With regard to Hypothesis P. 2, the growth accounting analysis in section 4. 1. 2 has not
of work, such as banking (Mcafee, 2006. ICT facilitates firms†innovativeness by propagating innovations that are structured less than business processes.
firm and includes the share of employees with an internet access at their workplace internet connection capacity and the use of LAN, Intranet and Extranet
between) ICT capital in terms of boosting labour productivity growth Little evidence for convergence of the EU Member Countries in terms of common
patterns regarding GVA and labour productivity growth With regard to the hypothesis formulated, we can make the following two conclusions
linkage between ICT investment and labour productivity may actually be much weaker than the evidence from more aggregate studies suggests.
The main changes concern tasks and responsibilities of the personnel, internal work processes, and some personnel changes.
Due to these improvements in work flows and information management, and the resulting improvements in cost efficiency, the system contributes to the competitiveness of AISA
The elimination of manual processes and duplications of work has improved greatly company operations, planning and decision making.
also it gives real-time information to the drivers, coordinating the work with the traffic chiefs.
these complex systems are used actually in the daily work is more important than the mere adoption of the technology itself to achieve positive impacts
ALSA managed to increase the labour productivity through the use of these ICT systems. The resource planning system in particular has led to a big resource
optimisation and spectacular productivity increases, in specific work areas of 200%(i e one employee can now accomplish the work
which required three employees before the system was introduced. This productivity gains translates into an increase in
changes in the organisation of work by some employees (80%of the employees don†t have high school studies.
conditions and significantly reduced manual work. For example, all selling points have been equipped with new furniture and air condition.
sales people had to work overtime at the end of the day to count the tickets sold, a non
Another benefit is the reduction of manual work and the optimisation of working process which leads to a more efficient production mode of the ticket selling
sizable labour efficiencies ICT has contributed in increasing the competitiveness of logistics companies in significantly reducing operational costs, optimising the efficiency of warehouse
A â€oeconfirmation message†is sent each time a train arrives or leaves a terminal. A â€oepunctuality message is sent
Nevertheless, even if the technical solution works well, it is important to outline that this solution is dependent on the availability of the GPS and network.
which disables users from carrying out work for customers who have a bad credit record 5. 9. 3 Impact
This creates a lot of additional work. One employee is assigned to manage the supplier relationships on a full-time basis
Since Saima Avandero works with a multitude of small suppliers (sometimes up to five suppliers for one single transport) it is very difficult to get them engaged to provide the
Another important issue is the additional work generated by the solution. The manual work generated by the data collection from suppliers
The best would probably be to deploy a solution that works independently on the different suppliers,
Trafikanten and their habit to work with them, the project went very smoothly The project is considered to be a great success and the citation of this case in the media
The company does not own any vehicles but works with different transport operators that own the vehicles.
It has been observed that ICT together with high and medium-skilled labour has a positive impact on TFP growth.
the ability to empower the work force is a necessary complementary measure to ICT adoption.
The European commission is supporting the work on ICT standards and interoperability, including the interoperability of networks,
Living and Working conditions Shapiro, C and Varian, H r. 1999. Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy
Oxford Handbook of Work and Organisation, ed. Ball, R.,Tolbert, P. and Ackroyd, S.,Oxford university Press, Oxford
impact factors on labour productivity. However, through modifying the variables, i e through dividing them by total working hours (TWH),
allows to draw conclusions about the contribution of single variables on labour productivity If, given the factor input set, the produced output level stays below the potential maximum
Gross Value Added, Labour Input and Labour Productivity in the transport and logistics sector (1980-1995,1995-2000 and 2000-2004
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