generated a raft of new mobile investment activity in global business services (& global business services centres) to manage more complex global corporate structures and activities
console (incl. handheld), PC games, online games and wireless/mobile games and video games advertising. It excludes spending on hardware used for playing games
the mobile and generally younger workforce employed in SSC/Contact Centres is attracted to the urban area that offers a range of potential employers as well as a dynamic and vibrant
generated a raft of new mobile investment activity in global business services (& global business services centres) to manage more complex global corporate structures and activities
industry is highly mobile and that Ireland needs to continue to invest to ensure the ongoing
attracting and retaining skilled people, particularly internationally mobile skilled labour; and ï¿creating the conditions to foster
and mobile, wearable technology such as Google glass and cloud computing can overcome the constraints of place, time and content in education.
as mobile phones and the Internet Ghana is ranked 103rd this year, moving up by an impressive 11 places since last year on the back
In East Africa the development of M-PESA (a mobile financial payment system born out of social innovation) has become an avenue for nine million people to gain access
It can also include the development of open source mobile phone alternatives such as Fairphone69 on top of which a whole
Innovative mobile e-government applications by SMES 4. 00 INSO-10-2015 SME business model innovation
5. 1 Emerging Mobile Transactions Businesses 5. 1. 1 SMART Communications†SMART MONEY 5. 1. 2 Globe Telecom†S g-Cash
The Internet and mobile phones can give farmers, fishermen, and other local producers access to market information for multiple,
A mobile phone is no substitute for clear title to land, but a mobile phone with a camera can document that specific people
live in a particular place, and this can facilitate access to land title validation. We are also seeing water
mobile phone used to document and serve as proxy for legal status Political voice: Mobile phones, the Internet,
and text messaging are all now tools of knowledge acquisition and political empowerment Repressive governments are concerned deeply that these tools are in the hands of the disenfranchised,
If the purchase in question is a physical product such as a computer or mobile phone, it must not only be affordable, reliable,
example in Vodacom†s phone shops in South africa or Ghana Telecom†s Areeba-to-Areeba stations and mobile
Most of these services currently fall into the mobile THE ROLE OF THE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SECTOR in Expanding Economic Opportunity14
ways we can make a difference. †Virgin Mobile and Virgin Money were launched in South africa in 2006 to offer simplified mobile phone
service and access to credit. Virgin Money is now exploring ways of offering banking and credit products in rural areas of the country. 47
traditional industry lines (such as providing financial services via mobile phone, or storing health information on data cards
5. 1 EMERGING MOBILE TRANSACTIONS BUSINESSES: SMART, GLOBE, AND M-PESA 26 5. 1. 1 SMART COMMUNICATIONS€ SMART MONEY 26
Telecommunications carriers are beginning to offer financial transactions via mobile phone in a number of places in the
Micro-Payment Systems and their Applications to Mobile Networks. An infodev Report. WASHINGTON DC: The International Bank for reconstruction and development/The World bank
Customers†mobile phones are their primary means of access. For a cost of P220 a year, BDO will provide a Mastercard debit card as well
5. 1 EMERGING MOBILE TRANSACTIONS BUSINESSES: SMART, GLOBE, AND M-PESA 26 THE ROLE OF THE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SECTOR in Expanding Economic Opportunity
Micro-Payment Systems and their Applications to Mobile Networks. An infodev Report. WASHINGTON DC: The International Bank for reconstruction and development/The World bank
can also use their accounts to shop online via mobile phone Also like SMART MONEY, G-Cash enables customers to have their paychecks direct-deposited and receive
Turning Cellphones into 24-Hour Tellers in Kenya. †Innovations: Technology Governance Globalization 2 (1/2): 63-81
issues like the Millennium Development Goals. †66 The company†s logic was that mobile phones could facilitate
as their businesses had already been built on the basis of rapid mobile phone expansion in Kenya †this was just the next step
M-PESA menus on their mobile phones, which are available in English and Swahili. Safaricom provides regular
offer content via mobile phone alert Building upon initial investment by IFC, IBM has invested nearly $2 million in rebuilding the SME Toolkit
In response, the partners plan to develop alternate means of access, such as mobile phones based on user feedback. 85
The Impact of Mobile phones. Vodafone Moving the Debate Forward Policy Paper Series, No. 3. London:
12. cellular-news. 2006.2.5 Billion Mobile phones In use. http://www. cellular -news. com/story/19223. php (accessed September 16, 2007
Also Vodafone. n d. â€oethe impact of mobile phones in the developing world. †http://www. vodafone. com/etc/medialib/attachments/cr downloads.
Turning Cellphones into 24-Hour Tellers in Kenya. †Innovations: Technology Governance Globalization 2 (1/2): 63-81.
Mobile phones Revolutionise Banking. Article dated May 23 http://www. wbcsd. org/plugins/Docsearch/details. asp? type=Docdet&object
Mortimer-Schutts, Ivan. 2007. â€oethe regulatory implications of mobile and financial services convergence. †The Transformational Potential of M
framework to allow greater access to financial services via mobile phones in developing countries. Press release dated July 4
Turning Cellphones into 24-Hour Tellers in Kenya. †Innovations: Technology Governance Globalization 2 (1/2): 63-81.
cellular-news. 2006.2.5 Billion Mobile phones In use. http://www. cellular -news. com/story/19223. php (accessed September 16, 2007
Turning Cellphones into 24-Hour Tellers in Kenya. †Innovations: Technology Governance Globalization 2 (1/2): 63-81
A Resource for Activists using Mobile Technology Worldwide. http://www. mobileactive. org (accessed September 16,2007
Mortimer-Schutts, Ivan. 2007. â€oethe regulatory implications of mobile and financial services convergence. †The Transformational Potential of M
The Impact of Mobile phones. Vodafone Moving the Debate Forward Policy Paper Series, No. 3. London:
The Impact of Mobile phones. Vodafone Moving the Debate Forward Policy Paper Series, No. 3. London:
mobile with high qualifications. Many local universities and research centres foster knowledge spillovers into industry and close research-industry cooperation
equipment (such as mobile phones), office equipment such as copiers) and data communications and network equipment (such as switching and routing
Programme), related to mobile personal assistance for travel information, published by ICT Results79 (see business example
A mobile, personal access device providing location-based transport information, mapping and routing, navigation and other related services
be it a mobile phone, mobile PC, PDA or in-car system. By communicating with Web-based services hosting the
mobile phone The implemented new ICT and e-business systems have brought ALSA a lot of benefits and positive impacts, including the opening of new sales channels (mobile and internet
sales) which increase the customer satisfaction, intelligent bus seat management, cost advantages and increase in the global competitiveness of the company thanks to the
agencies), and the mobile phone sales represent 1%of ticket sales One example of the advantages of the integrated sales system of ALSA is the integration
from the supplier†s mobile phone and directly integrating it into Saima Avandero†s database. Even if this solution should improve the current situation by reducing the
signs at the stops or provided through different channels like the Internet and mobile channels.
dialogue-oriented user menu on a WAP-compatible mobile phone (Wireless Application Protocol Another important benefit results from the traffic signal priority system allowing to improve
DREAMING integrated familiar devices-such as blood pressure cuffs, mobile phones and TV-in a single platform. The system is based on a â€oebox†installed at the user†s home and
developed Energy Life, a web-based solution for mobile phones which makes users become aware of the power consumption
in-vehicle (mobile), and whether it concerns private or public transport or both (table 4 Black and Van Geenhuizen
advanced applications, mobile (in-vehicle) applications are being integrated with the fixed applications to arrive at a better fine-tuning of the systems
economy would benefit from a shift toward less mobile and distorting tax bases (OECD, 2010b This is because Australia is more reliant on corporate
mobile phone users almost doubled (BITRE, 2013b; 2013c). ) Electronic communications are now integral to everyday education, consumption and business activities, including
over 6 million new mobile phone subscribers are added per month in India (TRAI, 2007 5-Challenges of Global Innovation
Innovative mobile e-government applications by SMES 4. 00 INSO-10-2015 SME business model innovation
Offering a pink mobile phone in addition to a black mobile phone, for instance, already opens up a new market niche.
As a result incremental innovation is a catalyst of economic development for all firms in all countries
ITS solutions making use of satellite positioning and mobile communications offer new opportunities for infrastructure
prevent or delay the adoption of new technologies, such as 4G LTE mobile broadband networks. The European union has been hampered by regulatory mandates that specified
less robust mobile communications infrastructure Labor market regulations have a large negative impact on ICT investment and the benefits
and mobile compete Facilities-based inter-modal competition, even if limited to discrete geographic areas may have the tendency to constrain prices to reasonable levels across much larger
â€oethe Mobile Communications Role in Next Generation Networks: The Case of Spainâ€, 22nd European Regional ITS Conference, Budapest
â€oestate-of-the-Art Mobile Internet connectivity and its Impact on e-commerceâ€, presentation to the IMCO Committee of the European parliament, 28 june 2012, WIK and TNO, available at
only to adoption by 50%of households, we assume that there is no need for mobile to
remaining 30%of each cluster is assumed to be served (if at all) by mobile or cable This analysis (which is based solely on copper and fibre-based telecommunications
or mobile) has many implications that are probably relevant not only to Germany, but to most of the Member States.
areas of â€oe2+†competition, where the fixed network, cable and mobile all compete versus â€oe1+†competition, where only fixed
and mobile compete. Facilities-based inter-modal competition, even if limited to discrete geographic areas, may have the
Mobile Broadband Boost, †2012 Mobile World Congress Barcelona, 27 february 2012, available at http://europa. eu/rapid/pressreleasesaction. do?
between areas of â€oe2+†competition, where the fixed network, cable and mobile all compete
and mobile compete. Facilities-based inter -modal competition, even if limited to discrete geographic areas, may have the tendency
The economic impact of fi xed and mobile high-speed networks, in: Producti -vity and growth in Europe:
State-of-the-art Mobile Internet connectivity and its Impact on e-commerce, presentation to the IMCO Committee of the European Parli
such as mobile phones, patient monitoring devices, personal digital assistants (PDAS and other wireless devices. mhealth applications include the use of mobile devices in
as mobile phone penetration, were introduced into the analysis for comparison purposes where relevant Results from the current survey were compared to those from the previous survey wherever possible
While the growth in mobile-cellular subscriptions is slowing as the market reaches saturation levels, mobile broadband remains the fastest growing market segment, with
and mobile broadband is six times more affordable in developed countries than in developing countries. Income inequalities within countries
per cent and mobile-cellular prices by 5 per cent if competition and/or the regulatory framework
4. 2 Fixed-telephone and mobile-cellular prices...108 4. 3 Broadband prices...114 4. 4 Income inequality and broadband prices...
1. 2 Mobile-cellular subscriptions by level of development, 2005-2014 (left) and by region
1. 4 Active mobile-broadband subscriptions by level of development, 2007-2014 (left) and by region
3. 3 Mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, 2012 and 2013, Africa...87 3. 4 IDI values compared with the global, regional and developing/developed-country averages
4. 11 Availability of mobile-broadband services by type of service, by level of development
4. 12 Mobile-broadband prices, in PPP$, world and by level of development, 2013.217 4. 13 Mobile-broadband prices, in USD, world and by level of development, 2013.128
4. 14 Mobile-broadband prices as a percentage of GNI p. c.,world and by level of
development, 2013.128 xi 4. 15 Mobile-broadband prices as a percentage of GNI p. c.,by region, 2013.129
4. 16 Comparison of postpaid fixed-broadband and postpaid computer-based mobile-broadband prices, in USD, by region, 2013.130
4. 24 Variation in mobile-cellular prices(%)explained by each variable, 2013.165 List of figures
4. 1 Mobile-broadband services by type of device/plan...125 4. 2 Relationship between regulation, competition and prices...
1. 1 Rural population covered by a mobile-cellular signal, 2012.4 1. 2 Total Internet domain registrations by world region, 2003,2008 and 2013.18
4. 2 Mobile-cellular sub-basket, 2013.113 4. 3 Fixed-broadband prices as a percentage of GNI p. c.,by region, 2013.116
4. 5 Mobile-broadband prices, postpaid handset-based 500 MB, 2013.132 4. 6 Mobile-broadband prices, prepaid handset-based 500 MB, 2013.134
4. 7 Mobile-broadband prices, postpaid computer-based 1 GB, 2013.136 4. 8 Mobile-broadband prices, prepaid computer-based 1 GB, 2013.138
4. 9 Fixed-broadband prices as a percentage of household disposable income, selected countries, 2013.144 4. 10 Fixed-broadband prices as a percentage of household consumption expenditure
selected countries, 2013.145 xv 4. 11 Prepaid handset-based mobile-broadband (500 MB/month) prices as a percentage of
global mobile-cellular market is approaching saturation levels, mobile-broadband uptake continues to grow at double-digit rates in all
strong growth in the mobile-cellular market until 2010, at which point mobile-cellular growth rates dropped to single digits, and
they have continued to slow down since then In 2014, global growth in mobile penetration will be at a ten-year low of 2. 6 per cent, as the
there will be almost as many mobile-cellular subscriptions (6. 9 billion) as people On earth more than three quarters of them (5. 4 billion
does not mean that everyone has a mobile phone †since many people have more than one
strongest mobile-cellular growth, and the lowest penetration rates, which will reach 69 per cent
that are covered not by a mobile-cellular signal Table 1. 1). Even though rural population coverage is very high, at 87 per cent globally, at
or is using a mobile Chart 1. 2: Mobile-cellular subscriptions by level of development, 2005-2014 (left) and by region
number of mobile phone users (Partnership, 2014 No regular pattern can be established, though and the difference between mobile-phone user
penetration and mobile-cellular subscription penetration ranges between 8 per cent (France and 111 per cent (Panama) across countries
According to GSMA estimates, unique mobile subscribers account for about half of mobile -cellular subscriptions, which would translate into
Rural population covered by a mobile-cellular signal, 2012 Source: Partnership (2014) based on ITU data
Overall mobile-cellular population coverage %Rural population covered %Rural population covered (millions Rural population not
Chart 1. 4). Mobile broadband is growing fastest in developing countries, where growth rates over the last year are expected to be twice as
The data on fixed-and mobile-broadband uptake confirm what has been observed on the ground. In developed countries, fixed
countries, and before fast mobile-broadband services and smartphones entered the market This has contributed to the higher uptake of
Active mobile-broadband subscriptions by level of development, 2007-2014 (left) and by region, 2014*(right
Furthermore, the mobile market has benefited from a more liberal regulatory approach than the fixed market
more and more countries upgrade their mobile networks. As mentioned earlier, 2g population coverage stands at over 90 per cent worldwide
growth in mobile-broadband subscriptions. At the same time, the issue of spectrum allocation will have to be addressed to ensure that the
growth of mobile-broadband services, it may be expected that more and more schools will have broadband access in the near future and that the
mobile and Internet sectors. Delegates attending the eleventh World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Symposium (WTIS) in Mexico city in
It is a mobile-broadband standard offering both mobility and very high bandwidth, such as long-term evolution (LTE) networks (ITU Trends 2014
per Internet user and mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants would be reviewed. For international Internet bandwidth per Internet
The reference value for mobile-cellular subscriptions was lowered to 120. This value was derived from examining the distribution
of countries based on their mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants in 2013. In order to determine the reference value, prepaid
group of countries (23 countries with a mobile -cellular penetration between 110 and 120 per
-SIM ownership is driving up mobile-cellular subscription numbers, which is an issue in prepaid and, to a lesser extent, also in postpaid
early to substitute the current mobile-cellular subscription data in the IDI with mobile-phone user data.
2. Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 3. International Internet bandwidth (bit/s) per Internet user
have access to mobile broadband at speeds of at least 10 Mbit/s. 10 The Republic of korea ranks second in the
Globally, the number of mobile-broadband subscriptions20 grew by 24 per cent from 2012 to 2013.
The launch of mobile-broadband services by the country†s only private-owned operator Tashi Cell in late 2013 has helped
-2013, the ownership of devices such as mobile phones and laptops increased significantly within the country†s mainstream population. 32
1. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households
Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Bhutan 2012 2013 0. 0 0. 2
1. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households
Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Bolivia 2012 2013 0. 0 0. 2
1. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households
Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Bosnia and herzegovina 2012 2013 0. 0 0. 2
1. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households
Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Burkina faso 2012 2013 0. 0 0. 2
1. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households
Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Cape verde 2012 2013 0. 0 0. 2
1. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households
Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Estonia 2012 2013 53 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014
1. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households
Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Fiji 2012 2013 0. 0 0. 2
1. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households
Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Georgia 2012 2013 0. 0 0. 2
1. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households
Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Gambia 2012 2013 0. 0 0. 2
1. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households
Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Mali 2012 2013 0. 0 0. 2
1. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households
Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Oman 2012 2013 0. 0 0. 2
1. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households
Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Qatar 2012 2013 Chapter 2. The ICT Development Index (IDI
new mobile-cellular subscriptions and close to 28 million new wireless-broadband subscriptions were added within one year.
stand at 138 per cent for mobile-cellular and 52 per cent for wireless-broadband services by
Thai operators, 34 providing high-speed mobile Internet connectivity to users. The rapid uptake of mobile-broadband services was spurred by
1. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households
Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy Thailand 2012 2013 0. 0 0. 2
1. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households
Active mobile -subscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolment Literacy United arab emirates 2012 2013 55 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014
inhabitants covered by a 2g mobile-cellular signal by 2013. On the other hand, 3g mobile -cellular coverage was comparatively low for
Goal 8 (fixed-telephone and mobile-cellular penetration and percentage of Internet users) were considered not,
Furthermore, ICTS such as mobile phones and the Internet can help inform people and allow them to share information
20 Refers to the indicator active mobile-broadband subscriptions. Mobile-broadband subscriptions generally make up the
22 http://www. thisdaylive. com/articles/a-year-after-wacs-is-faster-more-affordable-mobile-broadband-becoming-a
26 http://www. kuenselonline. com/530-increase-in-mobile-broadband-users/#./#U4rsghksx8e 27 Purchased capacity
increases in mobile-cellular penetration from 2012 to 2013 were registered also in Guinea from 49 per cent to 63 per cent), Mozambique
of people using a mobile-cellular phone is much lower than the number of subscriptions In Tunisia, 72 per cent of individuals were using
a mobile-cellular phone, compared with a mobile-cellular penetration of 118 per cent in 2012.
of individuals using a mobile-cellular phone Fixed-telephone penetration is extremely low in the Arab States region, with a regional average
and upgrading their mobile -broadband networks †in Qatar LTE is available throughout the entire country9 †Algeria
countries have reached a mobile-cellular penetration of 100 per cent or above by end 2013.
Nepal achieved a mobile-cellular penetration rate of 71 per cent in 2013, up from
million new mobile-cellular subscriptions were added in 2013, taking the penetration rate up to 89 per cent
2014, with China Mobile entering the fixed-line market. 17 China†s broadband strategy, published
The mobile markets in the CIS are predominately prepaid with typically high rates of multi-SIM ownership
the majority of CIS countries, at least four mobile operators are active in the market. The Russian
-concentrated mobile markets globally, with three national operators and several regional operators competing for 143 million potential customers
number of CIS countries underline that mobile -cellular penetration, measured as the number of mobile-cellular subscriptions, can give no
of subscribers (i e. a mobile-cellular penetration of above 100 per cent does not mean that every
inhabitant has a mobile-cellular subscriptions For instance, whereas mobile-cellular penetration in Ukraine stood at 130 per cent by end 2012,9
of households did not have access to a mobile -cellular telephone in 2012, even though mobile -cellular penetration stood at 108 per cent
then, operators have expanded their mobile -broadband networks beyond the main cities Table 3. 6: IDI †CIS
only one country (Andorra) had a mobile -cellular penetration of less than 90 per cent Most remaining countries well exceeded
most European mobile-cellular markets. Data from the Eurobarometer underlines this finding on average, 92 per cent of European union
are members of the EU) had access to a mobile phone in 2013 (European commission, 2014b The region benefits from an abundant supply of
2012 (see Table 3. 8). The country†s mobile-cellular Chart 3. 12: IDI values compared with the global, regional and developing/developed-country averages
adopters of mobile-broadband technology such as Dominica, Grenada and St vincent and the Grenadines, have fixed significantly higher
national mobile phone calls because of concerns about cost (European commission, 2014 In response to the demand for global benchmarks
apparent in the mobile-cellular market, where low prepaid prices became a key enabler for the
mass uptake of mobile-cellular services observed in the developing world in the last decade;
collection of mobile-broadband prices can be found in Annex 2 4. 2 Fixed-telephone and
that mobile-broadband services are likewise less available than mobile voice and SMS (see Chapter 1). Subscription figures confirm this
rates, there are three times as many mobile -cellular voice subscriptions as mobile-broadband subscriptions, with almost as many mobile
-cellular subscriptions as people on earth Traffic figures show that, in almost all countries the bulk of national voice traffic corresponds
to calls made from mobile networks, thus confirming the shift from fixed to mobile voice International voice traffic is also predominantly
mobile in most countries, although the number of international fixed-telephone minutes still exceeds international mobile voice minutes
differences in mobile-cellular penetration are smaller. These findings highlight that fixed telephony is used still more than mobile
a prepaid low-user mobile-cellular subscription costs on average PPP$ 23.7 (or USD Chart 4. 1:
Based on 140 economies for which 2008-2013 data on fixed-telephone and mobile-cellular prices were available
or USD 19.5) per month for a prepaid mobile -broadband service with a 500 MB monthly data
confirm that fixed-telephone and mobile-cellular prices are the cheapest among ICT services suggesting that low prices have contributed to
cheapest prepaid mobile-cellular prices are in the Asia and the Pacific region, with Sri lanka (USD
with the lowest prepaid mobile-cellular prices in the world. These are examples of the levels
Based on 140 economies for which 2008-2013 data on fixed-telephone and mobile-cellular prices were available
By end 2013, a low-usage prepaid mobile-cellular service cost on average 1. 6 per cent of GNI p. c
uptake of mobile-cellular services in these countries, and therefore requires regulatory and policy attention
total mobile data traffic was offloaded onto fixed networks in 2013 (CISCO, 2014), highlighting the role that fixed broadband plays in supporting the
growth in mobile-broadband networks In the period 2008-2013, the price of an entry
Rostelecom, Mobile Telesystems OJSC (MTS and ER-Telecom. The national fixed-broadband market in the Russian Federation is thus one of
The dynamism of the mobile-broadband market is reflected also in prices. Unlike the fixed -broadband market, where price structures are
the main types of mobile-broadband plans for which ITU collects data on prices (Figure 4. 1
and therefore the analysis of mobile-broadband prices cannot be based on the same parameters used for fixed broadband.
spectrum is allocated for mobile broadband for instance, part of the digital dividend) and mobile-broadband networks are upgraded to
Currently, most mobile-broadband plans are priced on the basis of the data allowance (i e. the
the speed of the mobile-broadband service, but confine themselves to a generic mention of the
cost) for mobile-broadband services based on high-speed networks. These plans are often labelled as †4gâ€
Chart 4. 11 shows that mobile-broadband plans are becoming more and more available particularly in developing countries, where
the mobile-broadband service available in the most countries is based prepaid handset, which was offered in 153 countries in 2013.
modalities of mobile-broadband services are offered In view of the dynamics of the mobile -broadband market, this section will focus on
127 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 Chart 4. 11: Availability of mobile-broadband services by
type of service, by level of development, 2013 and 2012 Note: A mobile-broadband service is counted as available
if it was advertised on the website of the dominant operator or prices were provided to ITU through the
same mobile-broadband service The global average price for a computer-based mobile-broadband service with 1 GB monthly
is also found in respect of regular mobile-cellular services, because operators will usually offer
levels of bundling in mobile-broadband plans makes it difficult to compare prices on a like-for
to streamline their mobile-broadband services and offer cheaper prices. Indeed, operating costs should be lower in developing countries and, if
These differences in mobile-broadband prices between developed and developing countries are even more apparent when looking at the
estimated that mobile-broadband penetration will reach 19 per cent in Africa by end 2014
if mobile broadband is to bridge the broadband gap between Africa and the other regions, mobile-broadband services
prepaid mobile-broadband dongles suggest that these services target high-end customers rather than the average user.
Postpaid mobile -broadband dongles include much lower monthly data allowances in The americas (Table 3. 7
of 1 GB suggest that mobile broadband could be a cheaper alternative to fixed broadband in many
Cheaper mobile broadband Cheaper fixed broadband Almost no difference 0 10 20 30 40 50
Cheaper mobile broadband Cheaper fixed broadband Almost no difference 0 10 20 30 40 50
Cheaper mobile broadband Cheaper fixed broadband Almost no difference 0 10 20 30 40 50
Cheaper mobile broadband Cheaper fixed broadband Almost no difference 0 10 20 30 40 50
Cheaper mobile broadband Cheaper fixed broadband Almost no difference 0 10 20 30 40 50
Cheaper mobile broadband Cheaper fixed broadband Almost no difference 0 10 20 30 40 50
This latter mobile-broadband plan is chosen because it is the best match for fixed-broadband services:
per month †but mobile-broadband prices still correspond to more than 5 per cent of GNI p. c
as many countries where mobile broadband is fixed cheaper than broadband as vice versa There are some exceptions, such as Tajikistan
where mobile broadband is significantly cheaper, Indonesia and Thailand are the only ones in which the 5 per cent affordability target
affordable mobile-broadband plans. In the Solomon islands, Timor-Leste and Vanuatu despite mobile broadband being more than USD
20 cheaper per month than entry-level fixed broadband, mobile-broadband prices are still high.
of cheaper mobile-broadband prices: Belize El salvador, Paraguay and Suriname. In these countries, mobile broadband is an affordable
However, the mobile-broadband market is still in its early stages, with penetration rates below
the region mobile broadband is more than USD 10 cheaper per month. This is a striking finding
Europe28 and the maturity achieved in the mobile -broadband market, with a mobile-broadband penetration of 57 per cent by end 2013, the
highest of all regions. European countries dominate the global top ten of most affordable mobile-broadband plans, with Austria, Finland and
the affordability of mobile-broadband services Table 4. 11 and Table 4. 12 show the price of
four mobile-broadband services for which ITU collects price data (Chart 4. 13), and is currently the
expenditure, suggesting that mobile-broadband affordability is an issue irrespective of income /expenditure distribution On the other hand, in developing countries
barrier to mobile-broadband adoption in these countries A comparison of fixed-broadband and prepaid
shows that mobile broadband may be the only affordable alternative for low-income households in several developing countries.
afford a mobile-broadband plan. This might be the case in countries such as Albania, Azerbaijan
fewer mobile-broadband subscriptions than households in most African countries and in several developing countries in the Asia and the
developing countries, where mobile broadband may thus be the only alternative for household access In order to take into consideration both
a mobile-broadband plan would be somewhat unaffordable (i e. represent more than 5 per cent of household consumption expenditure
Considering the high mobile-cellular penetration in both countries, this suggests they are in a good position to see an increase in
two countries mean that individual mobile -broadband plans would be somewhat unaffordable (i e. represent more than 5 per
need to share a mobile-broadband plan with other members of their household. In Egypt
and Sudan, the cost of a mobile-broadband plan corresponds to more than 10 per cent
major barriers for increasing mobile-broadband adoption in many African countries On the basis of the data presented, it can be
a licence to a new entrant in the mobile-cellular market. This section presents a quantitative analysis
prices for mobile-cellular (voice and SMS) and fixed-broadband services. Among all ICT services
majority of mobile-cellular and fixed-broadband markets. Regulatory and policy action can also have a direct impact on retail prices,
number of licences issued in mobile-cellular markets or by limiting foreign participation in fixed-line operators.
-level prices and competition in mobile-cellular markets, where the decline in prices during the
Competition in mobile markets and mobile -cellular prices as a percentage of GNI p. c.,2008-2013
Simple averages for 140 economies with available data on mobile-cellular prices and competition for the period 2008-2013
collection of mobile-cellular prices Descriptive statistics of the dependent variables Average Standard deviation Minimum Maximum 2008 2013 2008 2013 2008 2013 2008 2013
Herfindahl-Hirschman Index for mobile cellular (voice and SMS with Li being the number of mobile-cellular subscriptions of firm i,
and TL he total number of mobile-cellular subscriptions in the country. It is the sum of the squared market shares of each mobile-cellular service provider calculated in terms of subscriptions.
As in the case of the HHI for fixed broadband, this ranges from to 1, where k is the total number of mobile-cellular service providers
in the market. Data sourced from Informa 159 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 Box 4. 2:
HHI mobile cellular 0. 46 0. 41 0. 16 0. 14 0. 17 0. 15 1. 00 1. 00
Results for mobile cellular The results of the panel regression for mobile -cellular prices (voice and SMS) indicate that the
a market with two mobile-cellular operators sharing the market equally, the entry of a new
but disruptive operators, such as mobile virtual network operators (MVNOS), may have an impact on prices Competition in mobile-cellular markets is
stronger than in fixed-broadband markets and differences in competition levels across mobile-cellular markets are on average smaller
HHI mobile cellular 0. 201 0. 082 Significant 5%level A change from a duopoly to a triopoly (with operators holding
the reduction in mobile-cellular prices that could be achieved in those developing countries with highly concentrated markets,
prices in mobile-cellular markets discussed is only valid if considered in combination with the other explanatory variables included in the
prices for mobile-cellular services: a 5 per cent increase in the percentage of the population
variations in mobile-cellular prices observed across countries in 2013. Differences in mobile -cellular prices across countries are smaller than
on the final price in the case of mobile-cellular services. This suggests that economic levels are
as a driver for lower prices in mobile-cellular markets Regulation is found to have a weak explanatory
regulation is less of an issue in mobile-cellular markets. This may be because the regulation
competition and lower prices in mobile-cellular services, whereas in fixed-broadband markets stronger regulatory action may be needed
Variation in mobile-cellular prices %explained by each variable, 2013 Note: Calculated taking as a reference the average of each variable and adding
difference in mobile-cellular prices that would be obtained keeping all other variables constant. The calculation does not take into consideration the
•Mobile cellular: Differences in mobile -cellular prices across countries are smaller than the differences in fixed-broadband
differences in mobile-cellular prices observed across countries (an estimated 7 per cent), whereas differences in the
an impact in setting mobile-cellular prices, since regulation in most countries is already open enough to allow
in the case of mobile-cellular plans) that are consumed per month. For more information on the baskets and the price
and a floor rate for national mobile calls with the aim of protecting mobile operators†margins.
At present, Sri lanka continues to have some of the cheapest mobile-cellular prices in the world and the mobile market has achieved a stable financial situation.
For a more detailed analysis of the ICT sector in Sri lanka, see Galpaya (2011) and the presentation of the Telecommunications Regulatory Commission of Sri lanka on the
13 Advanced mobile technologies refer to standards agreed by the ITU Radiocommunication Assembly for next-generation
25 Data for mobile-broadband services have been collected since 2012 through the ITU ICT Price Basket Questionnaire,
47 Mobile termination rates are regulated in more than 120 countries. Source: ITU Tariff Policies Database 2013 (ICTEYE
55 The mean HHI for mobile cellular is calculated as the simple average of the HHI of 140 economies for which price and market
dispersion in mobile-cellular prices is of  60 per cent around the mean 173
companies, in particular mobile-cellular operators, produce, and how those data are 175 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014
•Mobile phones •Satellite/GPS devices Online activities/social media •Online search activities •Online page views
example, mobile phones and GPS devices), and activities carried out by users on the Internet including searches and social media content
Given the popularity of mobile-cellular services, non-Internet-related mobile -network big data seems to have the widest
There are various examples of how mobile phone records have been used to identify socioeconomic patterns and migration
greatest uptake and popularity is the mobile -cellular service, data from mobile operators have the greatest potential to produce representative
technology used, for example, for the mobile network (2g, 3g, etc..These data are potentially also very useful for building a rich profile of
international mobile station equipment identity IMEI) number, operators can identify some device characteristics, including the handset
Fixed operator Mobile operator ISP Data volume Call volume SMS/MMS volume Erlang DPI data
mobile-cellular and active mobile-broadband subscriptions On the basis of the detailed service-usage data collected
potential as a new data source, with high mobile -cellular penetration levels and the increasing
use of mobile phones, even among the poorest and most deprived, making them particularly valuable by comparison with other types of
and growing) evidence for the role of mobile big data in achieving development goals in various
Mobile phone big data for develop -ment Mobile data offer a view of an individual†s behaviour in a low-cost, high-resolution, real
research in Kenya combined passive mobile positioning data with malaria prevalence data to identify the source and spread of infections
showed how mobile phone data was used to track the spread of cholera after the 2010 earthquake (Bengtsson et al.
Passive mobile positioning data has also been used for transportation planning and management in Estonia (Ahas and Mark, 2005
Tracking mobility through mobile phones Port-au-prince (Pap Number of people displaced after earthquake 189 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014
people had a mobile phone but no bank account After analysing mobile consumption variables CGAP suggested that it was possible to identify
the mobile phone records of poor people to assess their creditworthiness when they apply for a loan
access include indicators on mobile-cellular and mobile-broadband subscriptions, which remain some of the most widely used and internationally
One of the main issues with mobile-cellular and mobile-broadband subscription data is that they
unique mobile subscriptions was just over 50 percent, whereas the number of connections per 100 population far exceeded 100 per cent. 26
the feasibility of using mobile phones for the deployment of rapid global surveys on well-being. 28 This requires, however, that the
the use of mobile phones to conduct statistically representative monthly household surveys in Latin america and the Caribbean. 29
from mobile-cellular and mobile-broadband subscriptions are concerned, since they are linked to mobility profiles.
number of unique mobile subscribers or users rather than just subscriptions, by comparing subscription numbers to user numbers derived
protocols) of privately held data such as mobile -phone records can be mutually beneficial to both government and private sector.
the world is using a mobile phone. This issue of representativeness is of high relevance when considering how telecommunication data
their mobiles, or even turn them off, in areas where they do not wish their digital footprint
of cellphone records to understand phenomena related to social development and public health stresses the importance of weeding out false
researchers working with Sri lankan mobile datasets attempted to use these findings to help them segregate their analyses for different socio
international mobile station equipment identity IMEI) number. This 15 or 16 digit number is captured whenever a device is used to access
/13 Mobile phone records have been used to infer locations of economic activity within, and patterns of migration to, slum areas
mobile phone records to forecast the socioeconomic levels of localities, thereby yielding approximate census maps (Frias
mobile phone usage and regional economic development in CÃ'te d†Ivoire 14 The term â€oemetadata†is used also quite extensively to refer to TGD from telecommunication operators
27 Jana has integrated its systems with 237 mobile operators worldwide, giving them a reach of almost 2 billion subscribers
47 An international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) number is a 15-digit number unique to the particular SIM in a subscriber†s
Azman, A s.,Urquhart, E. A.,Zaitchik, B. and Lessler, J. 2013), Using Mobile phone Data to Supercharge Epidemic Models of
tracking population movements with mobile phone network data: a post-earthquake geospatial study in Haiti. PLOS
mobility and optimizing public transport using cellphone data. Data for Development: Net Mobi 2013 Blumenstock, J. E. 2011), Using mobile phone data to measure the ties between nations.
Proceedings of the 2011 iconference pp. 195†202. New york, USA: ACM Press. doi: 10.1145/1940761.1940788
Blumenstock, J. E. 2012), Inferring patterns of internal migration from mobile phone call records: evidence from Rwanda
Disparities in Access and Use of Mobile phones in Rwanda. Information Technologies & International Development, 8 (2), 1†16
Caceres, N.,Wideberg, J. P. and Benitez, F. G. 2007), Deriving origin†destination data from a mobile phone network.
Calabrese, F.,Di Lorenzo, G.,Liu, L. and Ratti, C. 2011), Estimating origin-destination flows using mobile phone location data
Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2013-2018, White paper, February 2014 Available at: http://www. cisco. com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/white
D. 2009), Inferring friendship network structure by using mobile phone data. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United states of america, 106 (36), 15274†8. doi:
GSMA and Deloitte (2013), Arab States Mobile Observatory 2013. Available at http://www. gsma. com/publicpolicy/wpcontent/uploads/2012/03/GSMA MOBILEOBSERVATORY ARABSTATES2013. pdf
mobile phone datasets, 1†6. Retrieved from: http://arxiv. org/abs/1309.4496 Harford, T. 2014), Big data:
Mao, H.,Shuai, X.,Ahn, Y.-Y. and Bollen, J. 2013), Mobile Communications Reveal the Regional Economy in Cote d†Ivoire.
Ofcom (2011), Measuring Mobile Broadband in the UK: performance delivered to PCS via dongles/datacards, September to
mobile phone call detail records. 13th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation systems (pp. 318†323 IEEE. doi:
fixed-line telephone network (and not a mobile -cellular network. In the case of Voip, it refers to
2. Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions refers to the number of subscriptions to a public mobile
-telephone service which provides access to the public switched telephone network (PSTN) using cellular technology. It includes both the number
all mobile-cellular subscriptions that offer voice communications. It excludes subscriptions via data cards or USB modems, subscriptions to
public mobile data services, private trunked mobile radio, telepoint, radio paging and telemetry services 3. International Internet bandwidth (bit/s) per
computer), mobile phone, games machine DIGITAL TV, etc..Access can be fixed via a or mobile network Data are obtained by countries through national
broadband and active mobile-broadband subscriptions to the public Internet •Satellite broadband subscriptions refers
•Active mobile-broadband subscriptions refers to the sum of standard mobile -broadband subscriptions and dedicated
mobile-broadband data subscriptions to the public Internet. It covers actual subscribers, not potential subscribers
to active mobile-cellular subscriptions with advertised data speeds of 256 kbit/s or greater that allow access to the
Prepaid mobile -broadband plans require use if there is no monthly subscription. This indicator could also include mobile Wimax subscriptions
•Mobile-cellular subscriptions, which in 2013 range from 5. 6 to 304 per 100 inhabitants.
b Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 120 127.5 c International Internet bandwidth per Internet user**787'260 261'221
z2 Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants b/120 0. 20 1. 00 z3 International Internet bandwidth per Internet user log (c)/ 5. 90 0. 20 0. 92
y2 Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants z2*.*20 0. 20 y3 International Internet bandwidth per Internet user z3*.
The mobile-cellular sub-basket The mobile-cellular sub-basket refers to the price of a standard basket of mobile monthly
usage for 30 outgoing calls per month on-net, off-net to a fixed line and for peak
The mobile-cellular sub-basket is based on prepaid prices, although postpaid prices are used for countries where prepaid
all mobile-cellular subscriptions The mobile-cellular sub-basket is based largely on, but does not entirely follow, the 2009
methodology of the OECD low-user basket which is the entry-level basket with the smallest
the cheapest option available, the mobile -cellular sub-basket therefore corresponds to a basic, representative (low-usage) package
OECD mobile-cellular low-user call distribution (2009 methodology Note: N/A: Not applicable Source:
will be taken into consideration for the calculation of the mobile-cellular sub-basket 4. If per-minute prices are advertised only in internal units rather than in national currency,
then this is taken into consideration in the formula for the mobile-cellular sub-basket, based
the mobile-cellular sub-basket formula will be calculated on the basis of 30 calls or 50.9 minutes.
3. Mobile-broadband prices In 2012, for the first time, ITU collected mobile -broadband prices through its annual ICT Price
for each respective mobile-broadband plan The guiding idea is to base each plan on what
5. Mobile-broadband prices should be collected from the operator with the largest market share in the country, measured by the
number of mobile-broadband subscriptions. If this information is not available, mobile-broadband prices should be collected
from the mobile-cellular operator with the largest market share (measured by the number of mobile-cellular subscriptions) in
6. Different operators can be chosen, for a different mobile-broadband service, if: a) there are differing market leaders for specific
8. Where operators propose different commitment periods for postpaid mobile-broadband plans, the 12-month plan (or the closest
services besides mobile-broadband access, these should be specified in a note 15. Prices refer to a regular (non-promotional) plan
Excl. 2 720 698 prepaid cards that are used to provide Travel SIM/World Mobile service. 9) Excl. data-only SIM CARDS and M2m
undividable. 15) Decrease was due to registration of SIMS. 16) Figure obtained from all five mobile (GSM & CDMA) operators
voice or data communication in the last month. 5) By December 2013.6) Incl. all mobile cellular subscriptions that
13) Figure obtained from all four mobile (GSM & CDMA) operators currently providing service in the country. 14) Break in comparability.
mobile broadband. 4) Total number of EDGE/GPRS subscribers: 97 520.5) Break in comparability: from this year incl.
satellite. 6) Change in definition, break in comparability. 7) High use of mobile phones to access the internet. 8) Incl.
Box and RLANS. 9) Break in comparability, from this year incl. prepaid mobile-broadband subscriptions. 10) Incl. subscriptions
to Wifi hotspots. 11) Methodology changed from ability to have mobile broadband to actual mobile broadband usage
12) Satellite, BWA and active mobile subscriptions. 13) Estimate based on partial SIT data and ITU estimates. 14) Speeds
/Data refer to the sum of fixed wireless broadband and active mobile -broadband subscriptions. 16) Incl. mobile broadband and Wimax. 17) Estimate. 18) ETL and LTC. 19) Incl. narrowband
connections. 20) Drop in mobile-broadband subscriptions because in 2011 the operator offered free Internet access for a
limited amount of time so that many people used the free service. 21) Preliminary. 22) Mobile broadband only.
but data are not available. 23) Operators data/ictqatar estimate. 24) Refers to active mobile-broadband
subscriptions only. 25.dec 26) Incl. 4125165 active mobile-broadband subscriptions plus 3203 Wimax subscriptions. Excl satellite subscriptions. 27) Excl. satellite and fixed wireless. 28) Incl. mobile subscriptions with potential access
12) Satellite, BWA and active mobile subscriptions. 13) Incl. VSAT. 14) Speeds greater than, or equal to, 512 Kbps
effect from 18th july 2013.16) Data refer to the sum of fixed wireless broadband and active mobile-broadband subscriptions
17) 2013 data is an estimate as of June 30, 2013.18) Incl. mobile broadband and Wimax. 19) Estimate based on 1. Standard
data. 21) Per June 2013.22) Mobile broadband only. Fixed wireless and satellite exist but data are not available. 23) Operatorsâ€
anticipate that Mobile broadband and terrestrial fixed broadband services would be in place by the end of 2014.27) OFCOM
active mobile-broadband subscriptions plus 3175 Wimax International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Development Bureau Place des Nations
4. 2 Fixed-telephone and mobile-cellular prices 4. 3 Broadband prices 4. 4 Income inequality and broadband prices
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