provide a secure, high-speed wireless communications network for over 97 %of the region†s rural private physician†s offices through a CAD 1. 2 million
transfer of E-government and Wireless Broadband good practicesâ€. It identified GPS specifically addressing the inclusion of online services and management In public Administrations, with the aim of
For the †Wireless Broadband†part of the project, it dealt with GPS to be implemented by local governments and
-modality, library, public Wi-fi, dedicated space for mobile retailers. EBSF can become the core of the
heterogeneous wireless communication infrastructure and CALM (platform for vehicle -to-vehicle and road-to-vehicle communication
using state-of-the-art technologies such as radio frequency identification and EGNOS-or Galileo-based location devices e-Freight >A c T I O N 2. 2
manufacturers, mobile network operators and EU Member States †and to facilitate the deployment of a Europe-wide
mobile networks; specifications for PSAPS, under the ITS Directive; and measures to mandate the introduction of ecall
•Various forms of wireless communication for both short-range and long-range data exchange UHF, VHF, Wimax, GSM, etc
•Computational technologies †the present trend is towards fewer and more costly microprocessors, allowing for more sophisticated applications such as model-based process
data (from devices such as radar, RFID readers, infrared-and visible-band cameras) and infrastructure-based data (from similar devices,
communication (DSRC) and mobile wireless local area networks (WLAN. In conjunction with satellite positioning, this will support personalised applications such as emergency calls and
RFID Radio frequency identification device RIS River information system RTTI Real-time traffic information SESAR Single European Sky air traffic management research program
WIMAX Worldwide interoperability for microwave access WLAN Wireless local area network Glossary IN T E L L
prevent or delay the adoption of new technologies, such as 4G LTE mobile broadband networks. The European union has been hampered by regulatory mandates that specified
and LTE was not initially allowed by these mandates; a similar problem occurred with the European 3g
spectrum for LTE and modifying regulations to permit LTE use on previous allocations is still underway in Europe.
radio frequency identification devices (RFID), geographic information systems, mobile commerce, and the Internet of things. In these cases, EU governments should use a wide
Predicted LTE coverage in 2020 39 Figure 12: Broadband adoption (lines) by technology and Member State 40
Typical maximum achievable speeds for various wireless solutions 33 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The goals of the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE),
only fibre but also cable and fixed and mobile wireless Cable can and does serve (1) as an alternative to making FTTX upgrades, especially in
but wireless might play a greater role in low-to-medium density areas than many have
•Wireless systems benefit from deployment of LTE, and eventually from the deployment of LTE-Advanced
The relative cost of achieving each of the DAE objectives with each of these technologies
•For wireless broadband, the footprint of LTE and LTE-Advanced can be expected to be at least as broad in 2020 as that of 2g and 3g networks today
of both (and, for that matter, also the evolution of the mobile network) is to a significant degree fibre-based
LTE was more expensive than fixed solutions where population density exceeded 3, 000 inhabitants per square
LTE-2. 6 GHZ EUR 6 Rethinking the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE Aggregate incremental cost of achieving DAE objectives for the EU as a whole, with
A more technologically neutral approach to the DAE, drawing on cable and LTE, could provide real benefits
LTE/LTE -Advanced Long-term-Evolution, the newest standards for wireless communication of high-speed data Mbps Mega bit per second (one million bits per second
Wimax Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access WTP Willingness to Pay 4g Fourth-generation mobile communication standard
â Wireless also functions in a useful complementary role (1) to provide coverage in low density and/or high cost areas,(2) as a competitive alternative to fixed
centres, but wireless might play a greater role in low-to-medium density areas than
centres, but wireless might play a greater role in low-to-medium density areas than many have assumed
â Wireless systems benefit from deployment of LTE, and eventually from the deployment of LTE-Advanced
â The relative cost of achieving each of the DAE objectives with each of these
â For wireless broadband, the footprint of LTE and LTE-Advanced can be expected to be at least as broad in 2020 as that of 2g and 3g networks today
Fixed and mobile wireless solutions also deliver capabilities that are relevant to the DAE, and rapidly improving.
4. 1. 3 Wireless solutions Wire less solutions based on Orthogonal Frequency Domain Multiplexed (OFDM technologies such as LTE or Wimax are becoming progressively more capable over
time, but they are ignored sometimes in discussions of the DAE because they are felt to
The migration to LTE, and then to LTE Advanced, represents a substantial increase in the nominal speed of wireless
data transmission, and also in efficiency in terms of bits per Hertz. Typical realistically achievable speeds are less than those that are theoretically achievable,
LTE 10-100 Source: TNO/WIK. 43 As we explain in Section 4. 2. 4,
expected that substantially all wireless infrastructure in Europe will have been upgraded to either LTE or LTE Advanced
42 RSPG, â€oerspg Report on Improving Broadband Coverageâ€, RSPG11-393 Final, 16 november 2011 43 Nooren, P. J.,Marcus, J. S. and I. Philbeck (2012:
The coverage of LTE or LTE Advanced wireless in Europe can be expected to be at least
density, or hard to reach locations can be served using LTE or LTE Advanced; however there will predictably be locations that cannot even be served cost-effectively by LTE
Figure 11: Predicted LTE coverage in 2020 Source: Yardley et al. 2012b 49 Nomadicity is the ability to use the service at different locations at different times,
but not the ability to use it while in motion 50 See Yardley, M. et al.
wireless was considered. The national territory was segmented then into twenty different areas (geotypes) based on population density
for that matter, also the evolution of the mobile network) is to a significant degree fibre-based â Cable systems today have evolved into Hybrid Fibre Coaxial (HFC) networks that
of both (and, for that matter, also the evolution of the mobile network) is to a significant degree fibre-based
LTE was more expensive than fixed solutions where population density exceeded 3, 000 inhabitants per square kilometre (Km2.
and using wireless (LTE at 2. 6 GHZ Population density plays a huge role in these costs.
They found that LTE was more expensive than fixed solutions where population density exceeded 3, 000 inhabitants
LTE-2. 6 GHZ EUR 61 If, however, one assumes that there is a requirement for guaranteed bandwidth of 10
LTE costs are highly sensitive to overall bandwidth requirements, and thus even more sensitive than fixed
LTE-2. 6 GHZ EUR 62 Rethinking the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE 6. 2 Overall incremental deployment costs
example, the Advanced scenario could be met with ADSL2, LTE, VDSL2, Eurodocsis 3. 0, FTTB, and FTTH,
Feijoo/Gomez-Barroso also found that completing the network with LTE would cost â 10.5 billion;
however, the more realistic design would use LTE only in low density areas below 50 inh/Km2
wireless helps deliver them. Already, wireless solutions are essential for getting basic broadband to those in rural areas where wired
particular Fibre-to-the-Home, upgraded Cable, Fibre-to-the-Cabinet and LTE. †81
such as LTE. †85 They go on to provide concrete examples of their intent to threaten the
Breitbandtechnologien wie LTE. †86 Interview with Swisscom CEO Carsten Schloter, Edition 28/2008: Die Weltwoche, â€oewir haben ja teilweise massiv
and other wireless devices. mhealth applications include the use of mobile devices in collecting community and clinical health data, delivery of health care information to
Includes the computers, software, data-capture devices, wireless communication devices, and local and wide area networks that move information,
potentials in view of the widespread use and availability of mobile networks and services. This report provides the reader with a comprehensive and critical overview of the role of big data from the
1. 6 Rural population covered by at least a 3g mobile network, 2009-2012.8 1. 7 Fibre and microwave routes, share of route kilometres (left)
2. 2 Wireless-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, top five IDI countries, 2010-2013.47 2. 3 Wireless-broadband penetration, Bhutan, 2008-2013.50
2. 4 Proportion of households with a computer and proportion of households with Internet access, 2012-2013, Qatar...
3. 5 Wireless-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, Arab States, 2012 and 2013.91 3. 6 IDI values compared with the global, regional and developing/developed-country averages
3. 7 Wireless-broadband penetration, Asia and the Pacific, 2012 and 2013.94 3. 8 IDI values compared with the global, regional and developing/developed-country averages
5. 5 How mobile network data can track population displacements †an example from the 2010 Haiti earthquake...
5. 6 Leveraging mobile network data for transportation and urban planning in Sri lanka...189 5. 7 Poverty mapping in CÃ'te d†Ivoire using mobile network data...
190 5. 8 Using mobile-phone data to track the creditworthiness of the unbanked...191 5. 9 Using mobile big data
and mobile networks for implementing surveys...193 List of tables 1. 1 Rural population covered by a mobile-cellular signal, 2012.4
mobile network coverage, affordable high-speed Internet services and the higher levels of skills required to make effective use of online content
Rural population covered by at least a 3g mobile network, 2009-2012 Source: Partnership (2014) based on ITU data
4 4g refers to fourth-generation mobile network or service. It is a mobile-broadband standard offering both mobility and very
high bandwidth, such as long-term evolution (LTE) networks (ITU Trends 2014 5 Data collection on Europe and North america will follow in 2014
subscriptions, and wireless-broadband subscriptions •Skills sub-index: This sub-index captures ICT capability or skills as indispensable
8. Wireless-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 100 60 100 33 33 33 ICT skills Reference value
the highest wireless-broadband penetration rates in the world, and an equally impressive fixed-broadband penetration rate of 40 per
has a slightly higher wireless-broadband penetration †Denmark surpasses the other top five IDI countries (see Chart 2. 1). In terms of LTE
population coverage, Denmark stands way above the regional (and world) average, with 65 per cent of the population covered. 9 In January 2013
and LTE was offered first in 2011. Two years after commercializing the first LTE network, leading operator SK TELECOM
reported that it passed the 10 million LTE subscriber mark in April 2013; this represents
37 per cent of its total mobile subscriber base Full coverage having being achieved (by April
2012, LTE was available nationwide), the wireless -broadband market is showing signs of saturation with little growth over the past years.
first LTE-Advanced Networkâ€, with speeds of up to 150 Mbit/s. In 2014, the Vice-president of the
-broadband compared with 370 000 wireless -broadband subscriptions. Data also show that the Republic of korea achieves the highest
The growth in wireless-broadband subscriptions is having a major impact on ICT markets, and European top performers have been at the
has a wireless-broadband penetration of 89 per cent, followed by the United kingdom (87 per
the population was covered by an LTE network. 12 Denmark, Sweden and Finland are the countries
with the highest LTE coverage in the European region (European commission, 2014a The European commission is partnering with the
fixed-broadband (31 per cent) and wireless -broadband (95 per cent) penetration are very high in Hong kong (China
High increases in wireless-broadband subscriptions can be seen in countries that were late adopters of 3g technology.
increase in the number of wireless-broadband subscriptions from 2012 to 2013 due to a rise
growth in the number of wireless-broadband subscriptions. From 2012 to 2013, the number of subscriptions almost doubled, reaching a
mobile network. 24 Furthermore, Bhutan Telecom launched its high-speed 4g services in Thimphu Chart 2. 3:
access to wireless-broadband services, uptake is ascribed also to the growing popularity of social media and increased availability of
an important increase in wireless-broadband penetration, from 7 per cent in 2012 to 14 per
At the same time, both wireless-and fixed -broadband penetration went up significantly Wireless-broadband penetration almost doubled, to 17 per cent,
28 million new wireless-broadband subscriptions were added within one year. Penetration rates stand at 138 per cent for mobile-cellular and
52 per cent for wireless-broadband services by end 2013. This is one of the highest wireless
-broadband penetration rates in Asia and the Pacific, only surpassed by the region†s high
and uptake of wireless-broadband and fixed -broadband services in particular is still relatively limited. On average, fixed-broadband penetration
The increased availability of wireless broadband could help bring more people online in LCCS. Today, in the majority
or wireless) is extremely low for rural households in developing countries, while rural households in developed
which also includes terrestrial (fixed) wireless and satellite broadband subscriptions 21 http://www. itnewsafrica. com/2013/05/airtel-launches-first-3-75-g-service-in-burkina-faso/and
traffic per device than a year ago. 5 Wireless broadband is of particular importance in the
importance of mobile networks in the region The Arab States region and in particular the GCC countries are well-connected to submarine
-broadband networks †in Qatar LTE is available throughout the entire country9 †Algeria and Djibouti had launched not yet mobile
benefit from the extension of wireless broadband to connect more people with ICTS By end 2013, fixed-broadband penetration
a wireless-broadband penetration of more than 45 per cent. The Russian Federation boasted the highest penetration (60 per cent), followed
LTE services were launched in the Russian Federation in 2012.22 The highest growth in wireless -broadband penetration from 2012 to 2013 took
The slow growth in wireless-broadband penetration in Ukraine explains why the country is falling back in international comparison
Growth in wireless-broadband penetration continued at double-digit rates from 2012 to 2013 in the majority of European countries.
LTE services to customers. The top five countries in the world in terms of fixed-broadband penetration (Monaco, Switzerland, Denmark
LTE licences or further extended 3g coverage in 2013, spurring growth in the mobile sector
The United states has the highest wireless -broadband penetration, at 94 per cent by end Chart 3. 13:
It was an early adopter of LTE technology and coverage was extended massively throughout the country in 2013.
Verizon had achieved 97 per cent LTE population coverage, and the majority of all data traffic is
carried by the LTE network. 27 Very high increases were reported by Brazil, where 40 million new
LTE services were first launched in the country in early 2013.28 Antigua and Barbuda (from 23 per cent to 49 per cent
show very good progress in terms of wireless -broadband penetration from 2012 to 2013. While the majority of countries in The americas region
their wireless-broadband networks, services were still not available in Cuba, Dominica, Guyana and St vincent and the Grenadines by end 2013
27 http://www. verizonwireless. com/wcms/consumer/4g lte. html and http://www. telecompaper. com/news/verizon-wireless
-lte-reaches-500-markets--952458 28 http://www. rcrwireless. com/article/20121214/carriers/claro-first-launch-lte-services-brazil
/Endnotes 107 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 Chapter 4. ICT prices and the role of
filled by the mobile-cellular network, which covers 93 per cent of the global population This compares with a global 3g coverage of
to calls made from mobile networks, thus confirming the shift from fixed to mobile voice International voice traffic is also predominantly
through mobile networks in 2013. Therefore some of the potential benefits of broadband as a development enabler, such as for instance
advanced technologies (such as LTE-Advanced and Wirelessman-Advanced) that allow more efficient use of spectrum
addition, the deployment of mobile networks tends to be less capital-intensive than the deployment of fixed-broadband networks, and
8 In the case of Sri lanka, the entry of Bharti Airtel as the fifth mobile network operator in the market led to an aggressive
mobile technologies †IMT-Advanced †such as LTE-Advanced and Wirelessman-Advanced. For more details on these
Mobile network big data have been utilized to great effect in the area of transportation helping to measure and model people†s
drawn on mobile network big data rather than on those from fixed-telephone operators or ISPS. Figure 5. 2 illustrates some of the similarities
that mobile network operators, as opposed to fixed-telephone operators and ISPS, produce and shows some of the additional insights, in
information that mobile networks and services generate Telecommunication data The mobile telecommunication data that operators possess can be classified into different
Mobile networks capture a range of movement and location variables to identify user location and movement patterns.
3g, LTE) employed. Mobile network operators can use the IMEI number to identify the specific mobile handset being used by a subscriber
which in turn can provide some insight as to that Chapter 5. The role of big data for ICT monitoring and for development
damaged mobile network infrastructure is repaired as rapidly as possible Chapter 5. The role of big data for ICT monitoring and for development
One advantage of mobile networks is that even the least developed mobile network infrastructure generates passive positioning
data, which, despite its limited spatial accuracy cell ID), has great potential for transportation planning.
How mobile network data can track population displacements †an example from the 2010 Haiti earthquake
was produced on the basis of mobile network data to show the potential of big data in tracking population movements
Leveraging mobile network data for transportation and urban planning in Sri lanka Very similar findings between the results of an official household
also be noted that mobile network big data are one of the few big data sources (and often the only one) in developing economies that
variables derived from mobile network data to people†s socioeconomic and income levels. The model took into account existing socioeconomic
from mobile network operators Another study, by Gutierrez, Krings and Blondel 2013), used two types of mobile network
data, namely subscriber communication data and airtime credit purchase records, to assess socioeconomic and income levels.
Poverty mapping in CÃ'te d†Ivoire using mobile network data In CÃ'te d†Ivoire, researchers used mobile network data
specifically communication patterns, but also airtime credit purchase records) from Orange to estimate the relative income
mobile network operators, and that the accuracy is compared high when with self-reported data. Leveraging these behavioural signatures
and mobile networks for implementing surveys An important measurement for assessing the development of the information society is the extent to which households
3g, LTE-Advanced, etc. but also on the types of service that subscribers are using, and the
recently succeeded in obtaining mobile network big data, but it has taken them considerable time to build and leverage the necessary
mobile network operators monitor and forecast their revenue at the cell-tower level. Emerging research in Africa shows how reductions in
the fact that some mobile network operators choose to include the complete routing of a call
leveraging mobile network operator data for monitoring and development purposes hinges on the large coverage, close to the actual
from mobile network operators are used for syndromic surveillance, as in the case of malaria in Kenya (Wesolowski et al.
mobile network operators to understand the offered and utilized network load. 41 Erlang data are used to understand the
Mobile networks can, depending on their sophistication, capture a range of movement and location variables, which can be broadly
of relevance only to mobile networks) is location and movement data that is captured in response to a specially initiated network
mobile networks have much richer and dynamic location data CDRS, SMS detail records and Internet access records are the
technology (e g. 2g, 3g, LTE), and it can be used for the collective categorization of handsets
Mobile network operators can use the IMEI number to identify the specific mobile handset being used by a subscriber, and
Lokanathan, S.,Silva, N. de, Kreindler, G.,Miyauchi, Y. and Dhananjaya, D. 2014), Using mobile network big data for informing
Using Cellular network Data Data for Development: Net Mobi 2013 Xia, J. 2011), The third-generation-mobile (3g) policy and deployment in China:
-cellular network. In the case of Voip, it refers to subscriptions that offer the ability to place and
through fixed-wireless, DSL, cable, fibre-optic and other fixed-broadband platforms that provide fixed telephony using IP
via a fixed or mobile network. Household with Internet access means that the Internet is available for use by all members of the household at any
mobile network Data are obtained by countries through national household surveys and are provided either directly to ITU by national statistical offices
the Internet) via mobile-cellular networks are excluded 3. Wireless-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants Wireless-broadband subscriptions refers to the sum
of satellite broadband, terrestrial fixed wireless broadband and active mobile-broadband subscriptions to the public Internet
•Satellite broadband subscriptions refers to the number of satellite Internet subscriptions with an advertised
•Terrestrial fixed wireless broadband subscriptions refers to the number of terrestrial fixed Wireless internet subscriptions with an advertised
includes fixed Wimax and fixed wireless subscriptions, but excludes occasional users at hotspots and Wi-fi hotspot
subscribers. It also excludes mobile -broadband subscriptions where users can access a service throughout the country
services (over a mobile network) that allow access to the greater Internet and which are purchased separately from
also include mobile Wimax subscriptions Annex 1. ICT Development Index (IDI) methodology 224 c) ICT skills indicators
level of fixed Internet and wireless-broadband subscriptions. The same logic was applied to estimate missing data for all indicators included in
per 100 inhabitants and wireless -broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants •ICT skills are approximated by adult
h Wireless-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 100 107.5 ICT skills i Adult literary rate 100 99.0
z8 Wireless-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants h/100 0. 33 1. 00 ICT skills
y8 Wireless-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants z8*.*33 0. 33 ICT skills sub-index (N) y9+y10+y11 0. 20 0. 93
Prices applying to Wifi or hotspots should be excluded 2. Prices should be collected in national currency,
5 On-net refers to a call made to the same mobile network, while off-net and fixed-line refer to calls made to other
competing) mobile networks and to a fixed-telephone line, respectively 6 In some cases, it is not clear
Wholesale line Rental, Fiber, Public Telephony. 17) The number of fixed public payphones is as of March 2012.18) Fixed Wireless
ISDN channels and fixed wireless subscriptions. 21 Incl. inactive subscriptions. 22) Preliminary. 23) Refers to active Fixed Wired/Wireless lines. 24) POTS, ISDN BRA & ISDN PRA. 25
Decrease due to cleaning out of inactive accounts. 26) Excluding fixed wireless. 27) Excl. internal lines and WLR of incumbent
Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, 2013 1) Incl. 420 000 WLL subscriptions. 2) Incl. payphone, excl.
ISDN channels and fixed wireless subscriptions. 16 Break in comparability. Only active subscriptions. Inactive subscriptions are:
on 2013q3 data. 19) Refers to active Fixed Wired/Wireless lines. 20) Per June 2013.21) Operators†data. 22) Residential:
smaller sample of operators than annual report. 24) Fixed and fixed-wireless subscriptions. 25) Excl. internal lines and WLR of
16) Q3. 17) Excl. 3203 Wimax subscriptions. 18) Excl. corporate connections. 19) Data reflect subscriptions with associated transfer rates exceeding 200
2013.20) Excl. 3175 Wimax subscriptions. 21) Excl. corporate connections. 22) 2013 data is an estimate as of June 30, 2013
1) Only fixed Wimax subscriptions. 2) Internet Activity Survey, June 3) Break in comparability: including all categories of
modems and dongles, mobile broadband(>256kbps at least in one direction up to HSPA+),Wimax, Pre Wimax, SID and
to Wifi hotspots. 11) Methodology changed from ability to have mobile broadband to actual mobile broadband usage
/Data refer to the sum of fixed wireless broadband and active mobile -broadband subscriptions. 16) Incl. mobile broadband and Wimax. 17) Estimate. 18) ETL and LTC. 19) Incl. narrowband
connections. 20) Drop in mobile-broadband subscriptions because in 2011 the operator offered free Internet access for a
Fixed wireless and satellite exist but data are not available. 23) Operators data/ictqatar estimate. 24) Refers to active mobile-broadband
subscriptions only. 25.dec 26) Incl. 4125165 active mobile-broadband subscriptions plus 3203 Wimax subscriptions. Excl satellite subscriptions. 27) Excl. satellite and fixed wireless. 28) Incl. mobile subscriptions with potential access
Wireless-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, 2013 1) Only fixed Wimax subscriptions. 2) Preliminary. 3) Internet Activity Survey, June 2013.4) Total number of EDGE/GPRS
subscribers is 112 898.5) Incl. LTE subscriptions from ENTEL. 6) Change in definition, break in comparability. 7) 2012 figures
Still auditing the 2013 figures. 8) Incl. WCDMA, LTE, dedicated mobile-broadband and fixed wireless. 9) CRC estimation as of
31.12.2013. speeds equal to or greater than 144 kbit/s/.10) Estimate. 11) Estimate. Incl. subscriptions to Wifi hotspots
12) Satellite, BWA and active mobile subscriptions. 13) Incl. VSAT. 14) Speeds greater than, or equal to, 512 Kbps
effect from 18th july 2013.16) Data refer to the sum of fixed wireless broadband and active mobile-broadband subscriptions
17) 2013 data is an estimate as of June 30, 2013.18) Incl. mobile broadband and Wimax. 19) Estimate based on 1. Standard
sample of operators than annual report. 26) Wireless Broadband services are not being offered in St vincent as yet.
active mobile-broadband subscriptions plus 3175 Wimax International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Development Bureau Place des Nations
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