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Three-dimensional (3d printers, invented in the 1980s, are able to print a 3d object of almost any shape from a 3d model or other electronic data source primarily through an additive process in
which successive layers of material are laid down under computer control. 3d printers, which may be considered as industrial robots,
The decreasing price of 3d printers now allows their use in areas such as design STA 14 or in kitchens9. 1. 3. Medicine and biotechnologies Electronics,
While three-dimensional (3d printer is extremely useful for prototyping, quickly providing spare parts, even organs when appropriate, do we really want to have printed a 3d pizza?
Nevertheless, they can do better in reducing environmental impact by smarter managing of printing tools and supplies.
Curiously, none offer 3d printers for printing spare parts instead of recycling. âoethe Wellmet 2050 project is exploring five options for steel and aluminium:
â new professions â fixing, cleaning, greening and three-dimensional (3d printing. In general, innovation produces a solution for a given problem or challenge,
the New world of 3d printing, Wiley, 2013.194 The Innovation Biosphere KIN 10 KING D.,The future of industrial biorefineries, World Economic Forum, available at http://www3. weforum
Bibliography 195 MOL 13 MOLITCH-HOU M.,3d printing Breakthrough Yields Organic and Inorganic Multimaterial, Vista Printhead, available at 3dprintingindustry. com, 6 september 2013.
MPO 14 MPOFU T. P.,MAVERE C.,MUKOSERA M.,The Impact and Application of 3d printing Technology, International Journal of Science and Research, vol. 3, no. 6
-D printing for Bespoke design, available at http://blogs. wsj. com/digits/2014/04/11/philippe-starck-betting-on-3-d-printing-for-bespoke-design/,2014.
SUT 11 SUTCLIFFE H.,Report on responsible research and innovation, available at http://ec. europa. eu/research/science-society/document library/pdf 06/rri-report
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007500740073006b0072006900660074006500720020007000e5002000760061006e006c0069006 006100200073006b0072006900760061007200650020006f006300680020006600f600720020006 006f007200720065006b007400750072002e002000200053006b006100700061006400650020005 00440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740020006b0061006e002000f600700070006 00610073002000690020004100630072006f0062006100740020006f00630068002000410064006 00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020006f0063006800200073006 006e006100720065002e>/ENG()/ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents for quality printing on desktop printers and proofers.
007500740073006b0072006900660074006500720020007000e5002000760061006e006c0069006 006100200073006b0072006900760061007200650020006f006300680020006600f600720020006 006f007200720065006b007400750072002e002000200053006b006100700061006400650020005 00440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740020006b0061006e002000f600700070006 00610073002000690020004100630072006f0062006100740020006f00630068002000410064006 00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020006f0063006800200073006 006e006100720065002e>/ENG()/ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents for quality printing on desktop printers and proofers.
007500740073006b0072006900660074006500720020007000e5002000760061006e006c0069006 006100200073006b0072006900760061007200650020006f006300680020006600f600720020006 006f007200720065006b007400750072002e002000200053006b006100700061006400650020005 00440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740020006b0061006e002000f600700070006 00610073002000690020004100630072006f0062006100740020006f00630068002000410064006 00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020006f0063006800200073006 006e006100720065002e>/ENG()/ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents for quality printing on desktop printers and proofers.
007500740073006b0072006900660074006500720020007000e5002000760061006e006c0069006 006100200073006b0072006900760061007200650020006f006300680020006600f600720020006 006f007200720065006b007400750072002e002000200053006b006100700061006400650020005 00440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740020006b0061006e002000f600700070006 00610073002000690020004100630072006f0062006100740020006f00630068002000410064006 00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020006f0063006800200073006 006e006100720065002e>/ENG()/ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents for quality printing on desktop printers and proofers.
007500740073006b0072006900660074006500720020007000e5002000760061006e006c0069006 006100200073006b0072006900760061007200650020006f006300680020006600f600720020006 006f007200720065006b007400750072002e002000200053006b006100700061006400650020005 00440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740020006b0061006e002000f600700070006 00610073002000690020004100630072006f0062006100740020006f00630068002000410064006 00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020006f0063006800200073006 006e006100720065002e>/ENG()/ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents for quality printing on desktop printers and proofers.
007500740073006b0072006900660074006500720020007000e5002000760061006e006c0069006 006100200073006b0072006900760061007200650020006f006300680020006600f600720020006 006f007200720065006b007400750072002e002000200053006b006100700061006400650020005 00440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740020006b0061006e002000f600700070006 00610073002000690020004100630072006f0062006100740020006f00630068002000410064006 00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020006f0063006800200073006 006e006100720065002e>/ENG()/ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents for quality printing on desktop printers and proofers.
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007500740073006b0072006900660074006500720020007000e5002000760061006e006c0069006 006100200073006b0072006900760061007200650020006f006300680020006600f600720020006 006f007200720065006b007400750072002e002000200053006b006100700061006400650020005 00440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740020006b0061006e002000f600700070006 00610073002000690020004100630072006f0062006100740020006f00630068002000410064006 00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020006f0063006800200073006 006e006100720065002e>/ENG()/ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents for quality printing on desktop printers and proofers.
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For example, a printing firm in Michigan that sells printed material to customers across the United states would be traded a firm from the perspective of the Michigan economy,
printing, telephone, postal and storage facilities) at affordable costs. Co-working spaces usually range from 2,
Additive manufacture (also known as 3d printing) is enabling development of extremely complex products without the normal stresses
-Y ae s ue lattenerignorespreadoverride control wnsamplecolorimage agement similarity rveflatness waliteitsafdrukken printer maakte unnen halftoneinfo opicomment dicmykvalue copypage ellingen epsinfo
G#4v 7246 Printer G#5v 7247 3d printer 0#6#3d printer 3d printer 0#6#3d printing 3d printer
G#5v 7248 Printer 0#6#printer Printer 0#6#printing Printer G#5v 7249 Thermal printer
0#6#thermal printer Thermal printer G#3v 7250 Processors (incl names G#4v 7251 AMD PROCESSORS G#5v 7252 AMD FUSION
0#6#amd fusion AMD FUSION G#5v 7253 AMD K6 0#6#amd k6 AMD K6 G#5v 7254 AMD K7
0#6#amd k7 AMD K7 G#5v 7255 Amd processor 0#6#amd processor Amd processor G#5v 7256 Athlon
0#6#athlon Athlon 0#6#athlon thunderbird Athlon G#5v 7257 Duron 0#6#duron Duron
G#5v 7258 Opteron 0#6#opteron Opteron G#5v 7259 Phenom 0#6#amd phenom Phenom
0#6#phenom Phenom G#5v 7260 Sempron 0#6#sempron Sempron G#5v 7261 Turion
0#6#turion Turion G#4v 7262 Coprocessor 0#5#coprocessor Coprocessor G#4v 7263 Digital alpha
x Game-changing technological innovations in production (3d printing, new trends in imaging technology for diagnostics, new materials such as lenses
printing will begin to open up new capabilities to create, personalise and distribute culture Lifestyles will change,
printing) Â â Â isâ setâ toâ becomeâ aâ highâ growthâ areaâ ofâ manufacturing. Â Â
Printer Plus Print Ltd www. plusprint. ie  Northern and Western Regional Assembly March 2015
3-D Printing QUAD-X LTD Manufacture of ATV & Quad Equipment Case studies Irish D
3d printing in 1986, when he was a secondary student in Ireland watching a BBC special.
to invent a 3d printer with such a low operating cost that the technology could be accessible to everyone. 3d printing
technology can be produced in plastics plaster, photopolymers, metal and occasionally, food. Mcor added one more material to the list namely paper.
3d printing in 2003 The developmental process required that the printer would be an easy to use robust design.
That it would provide fitness for purpose across a range of demanding usage settings, without the
toxic fumes users of other 3d printers were exposed To further innovation challenges including enhancing the working system including software
launched a full colour 3d printer on the market called the Mcor IRIS The R&d structure required to ensure an
a 3d printing system that would use a commonly available cheap material such that the use of the technology could be
3d printer than was currently available while making it accessible and more affordable to a wider market
A core piece of equipment is the 3d printer, allowing one to make three-dimensional solid objects of virtually any shape from a digital model.
-cost home 3d manufacturing tools (3d printers, CNC â computer numeric con -trol â machines), free CAD/CAM software, like Blender, 123d or Sketchup, and
3d printing facilities (maker spaces and hacker spaces. There are now 96 known ac -tive hacker spaces worldwide, with 29 in the United states, Â according to Hackerspaces
printers, which have made it easier to turn ideas quickly into prototypes; parallel methods are being developed in the social fields to crystallize promising ideas so
-ing tools (3d printers, CNC machines), free CAD/CAM software like Blender, 123d or Sketchup and open
Digital Social Innovations by hosting small-scale workshop spaces often with digital tools and 3d printing facilities (often referred to as maker and hacker spaces), for digital fabrication and hacking data that entre
crowdfunding, big data, machine learning, 3d printing, online learning, e-petitions and so on Open networks The ability to build bottom-up networking capabilities in every corner or the world and in peopleâ s everyday
-chine, 3d printer, Thermal Cycler, Microscope, Centrifuge, Spectrometer Incubator, Autoclave, Rotary Evaporator, etc. Different machines are
in the lab such as 3d printers and laser cutters. In addition to this, the low cost technologies that are experimented with in Fablab have created
space for working, a 3d printer for prototyping, volunteer testers for their prototype solutions, as well as an offer to collaborate with local
printing and office supplies; website fees; travel expenses and Welsh translation services Recently, Landshare. net has decided to run a trial to test the inclusion
include electronics, 3d printing, technological product demo, design craft, sustainability and domestic arts, as well as making in education
and 3d printing, and the benefit of participating in such open innova -tion environments for DIY product designers
hardware such as Arduino micro controller and personal 3d printing Several advantages of open source hardware show its importance to the
-ing tools (3d printers, CNC machines), free CAD/CAM software like Blender, 123d or Sketchup and open
Digital Social Innovations by hosting small-scale workshop spaces often with digital tools and 3d printing facilities (often referred to as maker and hacker spaces), for digital fabrication and hacking data that entre
crowdfunding, big data, machine learning, 3d printing, online learning, e-petitions and so on Open networks The ability to build bottom-up networking capabilities in every corner or the world and in peopleâ s everyday
-chine, 3d printer, Thermal Cycler, Microscope, Centrifuge, Spectrometer Incubator, Autoclave, Rotary Evaporator, etc. Different machines are
in the lab such as 3d printers and laser cutters. In addition to this, the low cost technologies that are experimented with in Fablab have created
space for working, a 3d printer for prototyping, volunteer testers for their prototype solutions, as well as an offer to collaborate with local
printing and office supplies; website fees; travel expenses and Welsh translation services Recently, Landshare. net has decided to run a trial to test the inclusion
include electronics, 3d printing, technological product demo, design craft, sustainability and domestic arts, as well as making in education
and 3d printing, and the benefit of participating in such open innova -tion environments for DIY product designers
hardware such as Arduino micro controller and personal 3d printing Several advantages of open source hardware show its importance to the
United states, Canada, Northern europe) in the case of 3-D printing (Desmoulin-Canselier 2012; Ratto 2012).
3d printing and social change,"First Monday, Vol 17, No. 7-2, 2012 Ravallion, M, The Developing Worldâ s Bulging (but Vulnerable) âoemiddle Classâ.
Office Automation, Printing Optical Disk drives Laser printers and Copiers, PODS, Fax and MFPS Digital Cameras and Camcorders, Scanners
Systems for Commercial Printing Lasers for IT Sensors (CCD, CMOS Optical Computing Tetrahertz Systems in Photonics
Printing BMBF (2007) 47.7 88 6 European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO EN 218error!
Printer, London, 1997 7 J. P. J. d. Jong, T. Kalvet, W. Vanhaverbeke, Exploring a theoretical framework to structure the public policy implications, Technol.
publishing and printing, encompasses firms that trade domestically as well as those trading internationally and employs circa 26,000 people37
programme (3, 000), Programming & broadcasting (4, 300), Advertising & market research (6, 100), Printing &
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3d printing, augmented reality and an early government big data initiative to build a digital 117 surveillance system today called PRISM.
Merging 3d printing with AR experiences could transform learning. Students studying archeology might not only see a 3d animated version of New york Cityâ s 19th century
Government Printing Office Steiger, J. H, . and J. C. Lind (1980). âoesta -tistically Based Tests of the Number
-cost home 3d manufacturing tools (3d printers, CNC â computer numeric con -trol â machines), free CAD/CAM software, like Blender, 123d or Sketchup, and
3d printing facilities (maker spaces and hacker spaces. There are now 96 known ac -tive hacker spaces worldwide, with 29 in the United states, Â according to Hackerspaces
of printing and publishing companies in the UK outside London (Oxfordshire County Council 2005 Figure 7:
over 245 railway stations where each selling point is equipped with a PC and a printer linked to the different systems. 90 million tickets have been sold through the system and
Automation thermal printers, verified for more than 7 years in real-time operation and being the architecture of an accepted system.
a PC and a printer linked to the different systems When a customer goes to a selling point to buy a ticket,
These"three dimensional printers"allow designers to quickly create tangible prototypes of their designs, rather than just two-dimensional pic
textile, lumber, wood and paper mills, printing and publishing, and construction firms rely heavily on equipment suppliers for process innovation (Pavitt, 1984
For example, one of Hewlett-Packardâ s installed bases is printers. Although Hewlett-Packardâ s servicing is in terms of a product (i e.,
, the printer), and then sells a service to keep the product running (i e.,, the ink cartridge, albeit a product.
Eligible costs include stand space, the catalogue entry, printing and translation costs for information and marketing material and travel costs.
stand space, the catalogue entry, printing and translation costs for information and marketing material and travel costs.
mobile commerce, improved self-serve kiosks, 3d printing, location awareness, and machine learning THE IMPACT OF ICT ON EUROPEAN PRODUCTIVITY
14 percent on digital cameras, multi-function printers, set-top boxes, and liquid crystal display (LCD) computer monitors. 159 The intent was to boost the production of these
Printing and reproduction of recorded media Repair and installation of machinery and equipment Rubber and plastic products
reducing expenses associated with the printing and distribution of textbooks. The benefits are particularly attractive for remote schools, where
-cost home 3d manufacturing tools (3d printers, CNC â computer numeric con -trol â machines), free CAD/CAM software, like Blender, 123d or Sketchup, and
3d printing facilities (maker spaces and hacker spaces. There are now 96 known ac -tive hacker spaces worldwide, with 29 in the United states, Â according to Hackerspaces
equipment (photocopiers, printers, Mp3 players, CDS and DVDS etc..However different rules and tariffs apply across Member States.
printing is entering our living space, and all kinds of labs including the Fab Labs, as open design and
This is the case in the printing industry. The high mark up items are the software, accessories and
widespread, like the copy machine, and 3d printing doesnâ t seem to match to this requirement
not accept responsibility for printing errors and/or other imperfections 2 Open innovation in SMES
3D PRINTING et COPYRIGHTS 8 15 ICT 22 â R&i action (a a) RESEARCH ON COST-EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR
many of the same peripherals, such as printers: because the widespread adoption of the new technology raised the demand
for compatible printers, the dedicated word processors found themselves unprotected by any persisting special advantages in
printing technology 28similar decisions were made by all of the U s. computer manufacturers. See the discussion in Steinmueller (1996
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printing, carpet weaving gardening, furniture manufacture, paper recycling and car washing. The first 9 social cooperatives to be set up employ more than 150 people with mental
-cost distributed and independent manufacturing (e g. 3d printing) in personalised digital-health whilst jointly reflecting on its impact on potential service users and on health-policy making with our research partners
we have to start with specific topics â e g. 3d printing â around which co-creation can happen.
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