outside their existing core markets and core customer segments and are confronted suddenly with new market conditions.
not or only weakly related to their core business. Each firm stayed focused on its product markets and
as to why a small, innovative company should stick to its core products. First, new product markets
The core ideas of this book are summarised in the following HBR article: Other definitions of open innovation have been provided by Johnson
three core process archetypes, R&d Management Conference RADMA, Lisbon, Portugal 30 Larsen P. and Lewis, A. 2007), How award-winning SMES manage the barriers to innovation, Creativity and
Focus Fit with core competencies, clear focus of firm activities Renewal Improved product development, process-/market-innovation, integration of new technologies
Focus Fit with core competencies, clear focus of ï rm activities 8 †Innovation process
Focus Fit with core competencies, clear focus of ï rm activities 8 †Innovation process
not or only weakly related to their core business. Each firm stayed focused on its product markets and
as to why a small, innovative company should stick to its core products. First, new product markets
The core ideas of this book are summarised in the following HBR article: Other definitions of open innovation have been provided by Johnson
three core process archetypes, R&d Management Conference RADMA, Lisbon, Portugal 30 Larsen P. and Lewis, A. 2007), How award-winning SMES manage the barriers to innovation, Creativity and
long-run market shares in international trade for core ICT hardware, including computers and peripherals semiconductors, and telecommunications equipment
Technology (MIT) worked on magnetic core memo -ries (Pugh, 1984; Wildes and Lindgren, 1985. Bas
use ferrite-core memories. According to Mounier -Kuhn, 1994: 214 †in 1960 Compagnie des Machines Bull was
The core of the team is made up of the account manager from the regional office in charge and an advisor
core technology becomes obsolete within a few years. Management often does not understand how to make
to run core and expanding operations of the company. EIP seeks to expose local university and
service firms that assist start-ups in outsourcing their non-core work plays a significant role in the growth of
The core of the team is made up of the account manager from the regional office in charge and an advisor
core technology becomes obsolete within a few years. Management often does not understand how to make
to run core and expanding operations of the company. EIP seeks to expose local university and
service firms that assist start-ups in outsourcing their non-core work plays a significant role in the growth of
adoption of an evidence-based Core Strategy to implement population targets and policies for sustainable devel
treatment facilities and to improve drinking water standards must be considered in the context of the Core
that each Development Plan contains an evidence-based Core Strategy that will provide relevant information to demonstrate how the plan
The Core Strategy is required to take account of government policy in rela -tion to national and regional population targets and it must provide the policy framework for Local Area Plans and for zoning at LAP level
The core objective of the Plan is to protect the national heritage as well as promoting it as a resource to be enjoyed by all
the defining issues for a better quality of life for all †the core objective of the NDP and of good planning.
The Core Strategy is consistent with the NSS and provides a key planning framework which County
and to develop a Core Strategy in Development Plans. The Core Strategy should include a section which details the mechanisms by which
Doehlg population targets will be achieved within each local authority. Each Core Strategy should develop rational population growth models, outline resulting housing demand
and determine how this demand will be accommodated through an appropriate housing land zoning requirement which should be consistent with this
locations, capacity for growth and potential to deliver on the core objectives of critical mass and balanced
In Development Plans these objectives should be expressed in the Core Strategy. Development Plans should ensure
-•That the population targets are incorporated into the Core Strategy •That land is zoned on the basis of the land required to meet population targets
for that settlement in the Core Strategy with an additional amount for †excess†zoning as provided for in the
In the context of sectoral convergence, core skills become transferable across sectors, for example, biology chemistry, engineering, electronics, logistics and software;
be a core priority of the regional enterprise forum, with support from a cross-regional Gateway
calming measures in urban areas, sustainable neighbourhood design and the pedestrianisation of core urban areas Development Plan Implications (Ports
-plies in its rural areas must be considered in the context of the Core Strategy and must be related to prioritisa
A core objective of the current Social Partnership Agreement is â€oeto build a fair and inclusive society
should be core to fi nancial institutions, with the European Investment Bank (EIB) becoming a European Innovation Bank
as a core tool for prosperity and social cohesion. The opportunity now is to build on these assets and develop
Innovation should be core to fi nancial institutions with the European Investment Bank (EIB) becoming a
builds and reinforces the regional identity and puts innovation at its core; attractive and dynamic web pages, including parts in English for wider dissemination;
SMES are thus at the core of Cohesion Policy For the period 2007-2013, the Community Strategic Guidelines on Cohesion emphasise the key
can find wider support services that allow them to better focus on their core business and on
Service Infrastructures including core service platforms and generic services •Horizon 2020:(see proposal88 How to act
•funding for international core, close to-market and supporting R&d 110 Gaia Group, http://proact. ktm. fi/index. phtm?
sector funding in core European transport projects can be challenging due to the relatively high levels of revenue volatility in the projects'early operating stages.
the core measures that should be encouraged are 106 •Commissioning a strategic analysis and approach on the region's own characteristics
-innovations at the core of their innovation strategies as a crosscutting requirement in all sectors
Ireland†s enterprise policy is focused on the core planks of productivity and innovation delivering on an agenda of enterprise transformation †to create a competitive and
majority of the Government†s core STI budget would be focused on the priority areas but
•Core competencies required to be energy and resource efficient, ICT enabled, and a leader in quality
a core set of fundamental metrics is required that can be applied in each of the 14 PAS.
Foundation Ireland (SFI) and others and core funding via the Department of education and Skills and the Higher education Authority (HEA
Ireland†s enterprise policy is focused on the core planks of productivity and innovation delivering on an agenda of enterprise transformation †to create a competitive and
majority of the Government†s core STI budget would be focused on the priority areas but
•Core competencies required to be energy and resource efficient, ICT enabled, and a leader in quality
a core set of fundamental metrics is required that can be applied in each of the 14 PAS.
Foundation Ireland (SFI) and others and core funding via the Department of education and Skills and the Higher education Authority (HEA
the core of Romania. Second, the ability to compete in export markets is an important proxy for
processors, lower food processing costs and help to provide more robust employment in rural areas 121.
 core  of  the  en- †ergy  debate  It
the Core of the Concept The concept of smart specialization comes from reflection generated around the
on the contrary, appears as the core element to achieve specialized diversification processes Third and finally, the link among the RIS3 and the ex-ante condition of the
Even though entrepreneurial discoveries are in the core of the strategies (they are the way to achieve the mentioned specialised diversification) there was no
The core of smart specialization lays in the radical innovations that arise from the creative combination of technologies and/or sectors
•Core Working group: Ministry of Industry and Innovation •Aragon on the S3 platform since February 2012
Programme 2 constitutes the core of science policy in the region, including measures promoting knowledge and technology generation with a clear international leadership
Learning processes are at the core of entrepreneurship and SME innovation. Yet many emerging and potential business creators are lacking entrepreneurship skills such as in risk
by creating networks between SME companies that possess core basic technologies with downstream normal industry, to link technological seeds with market needs.
a series of 30 core â€oeproducts†that will share a common brand Advisory and capability support for SMES continues to be offered through the Business Links service in
Based on these core messages, the following key policy recommendations are formulated Key policy recommendations â Design advice and training programmes for start-up entrepreneurs who have strong technological
its core economic activities Besides location bias, other characteristics of commercial databases can indirectly alter the consistency of territorial data calculated from this sort of source
Learning processes are at the core of entrepreneurship and SME development. They are essential for the formation of a new business, its survival and growth as well as for the
Box 4. 1. Core characteristics of entrepreneurs Knowledge. An entrepreneur is able to identify and extract knowledge that is relevant.
development and a vertical specialisation in one or more fields related to core competitive advantage. One of the definitional difficulties is that these skills are relevant not just to
Teachers are pressed hard to deliver on their core programmes †the basis for recruitment and promotion †and those not working on core activities can find it
difficult to justify strong investments in what may be seen by their hierarchies and peers as side projects, whatever the expressed interest of the students
â are skilled in generic processes and activities such as core skills â appreciate the relevance of what they are learning
management skills for integrating e-commerce into the core business. They may also include legal advice to a firm/organisation on the design of new business structures to support
7 in this particular case the core mission is to provide health services, but in conjunction with preventing illness through a
Health-related problems are at the core of the initiative of pharmaceutical scientist Victoria G. Hale, founder of the Institute For one World Health (Box 5. 4). There the concern is to
Box 4. 1. Core characteristics of entrepreneurs How are acquired entrepreneurship skills Universities and higher education institutions Box 4. 2. Entrepreneurship support in universities:
and even European core countries such as France and Italy have high rates of inactivity 10.4 and 10.6%respectively;
standard Intel Pentium 4 CPU 1. 70 GHZ Machines with 512 MB RAM, WINDOWS XP professional OS
order to address society†s core challenges arising from the mega trends The last few years have seen the term Social Innovation being used
As social issues are the core component of innovation it requires the creation of new relationships in
company and society is the core component of successful Social Innovation, with various other strategic factors that contribute to its
to the company and society is their core ethos The companies'overall vision should be dynamic,
rapidly changing core needs of both individual citizens and whole societies wherever they may be found:
while not enjoying the same degree of connectivity as the core network, are still an integral part of the pan-European transportation network
For inclusion in the core network, ports must enjoy significant volumes of freight and/or passenger traffic, have a high level of international connectivity
and by 2030, be connected to the core European rail and road network Between them, these two ports handled 8%of total tonnage through Irish ports in 2011,
if the proper focus is placed on exploiting Ireland†s comparative advantage as a food producer, processor and exporter
Equally IT Carlow has developed a strong network of support for industry and entrepreneurs through the ongoing development of their five core areas of research, Envirocore, Designcore, Geocore, Gamecore and Secturitycore
Core proposals A Creative Industries Strategy 1) The development of a Creative Industries Strategy to assess the wider creative and cultural sector in the Southeast,
Ireland†s largest dairy processor employing 4, 500 people globally across 19 countries; Cartoon Saloon animation studio which was nominated for an academy award and Eirgen Pharma,
-A core objective of Government policy thinking is balanced †regional developmentâ€. The NSS represents the Government†s roadmap for achieving
deliver short †hands on†courses in core computer science for pupils aged 14-15 will run until 2015 and so far half of the
Global core, governance, business units, services and linkages 5 No No Timmers (1998) Product/service/information flow
core technology investments and bottom line 4 No Some Hamel (2001) Core strategy, strategic resources value network and customer
interface 4 No No Petrovic et al. 2001) Value model, resource model production model, customer relations model, revenue
success factors, channels, core competencies, customer segments, and IT infrastructure 8 No No Applegate (2001) Concept, capabilities and value 3 No No
It is something of an historical irony that the core elements of the adaptation problems attending this
After all, if we hadn't brought your processor to its knees, why else would you get
relevant â€oecomputer speed†is indexed appropriately by CPU-speed, whereas many industry observers have pointed out that the bundled PC operating system has grown so large that more processing power does not
that CPU speed may be too heavily weighted by the hedonic indexes for hardware, inasmuch as the utility of (net) computer power
core of social innovations is this intention to create something better. But while these motivations might
the adoption of the core †content†of the innovation. After this initial period, their role is
their role is to allow the core innovation to fit into a new context. But sometimes adaptations
their role is to allow the core innovation to fit into a new context. But sometimes adaptations
knowledge and practices among the core competencies that are crucial in creating A Culture of
The core of this program will be a platform that implements and inte -grates new generic but fundamental capabilities of the Future Internet, such as interac
This core platform will be based on integration of already existing re -search results developed over the past few years,
using the properties of the core Future Internet platform. Examples of these use cases are a smarter electricity grid, a more
the Internet†s core and the services that use it We are faced with an Internet that is good at delivering packets, but shows a level
CPUS, etc. and handlers (software pro -grams/routines) that generate and treat as well as query and access data
clients,(ii) the Context Processing (CP) Module which implements the core internal operations related to the context processing,(iii) the Context Information Base (CIB
in support of the Context Executive and Context Processor modules. Context is dis -tributed and replicated within the domain
, the number of CPUS,(ii) N-time queries, which collect information periodically, and (iii) continuous queries that monitor information in an ongoing
-erations such as getting the state of a server with its CPU or memory usage, getting
which can measure attributes from CPU, memory, and network components of a server host, were created.
•RNM (Reasoning and Negotiation Module), a core element of the KP, which me -diates and negotiates between separate federated domains
Testbed located in London consisting of 80 cores with a dedicated 10 Gbits/s infra
cores and linked by a dedicated 10 Gbits/s infrastructure. Validation and performance analysis are described fully in 13.
-tions from the core to the edge of the network results in sustainable network infra
The core part of EPS called Evolved Packet Core (EPC) is extended continuously with new features in Release 10 and 11.
The main steps of the architecture evolution are sum -marized in the followings. Fig. 1 illustrates the evolution steps of the packet-switched
-nology in the core and backhaul network: Release 4 (2003) specified the Media gate -way function, Release 5 (2003) introduced the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) core
network functions for provision of IP services over the PS domain, while Release 6 standardized WLAN interworking and Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service
, the Evolved Packet Core EPC). ) Compared to four main GPRS PS domain entities of Release 6, i e. the base
functions, and three main functional entities in the core, i e. the Mobility Management Entity (MME), the Serving GW (S-GW) and the Packet data Network GW (PDN GW
the core network entities. SIPTO enables per APN and/or per IP flow class based
linked to the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in the 3gpp system evolution, and in EPC
the main packet switched core network functional entities are still remaining central -ized, keeping user IP traffic anchored.
-tion of certain control functions still provided by the core. UFA represents the ulti -mate step toward flattening IP-based core networks, e g.,
, the EPC in 3gpp. The ob -jective of UFA design is to distribute core functions into single nodes at the edge of
the network, e g.,, the base stations. The intelligent nodes at the edge of the network
-dures of UFA, to reduce the number of HIP Base Exchanges in the access and core
-main in the core network. A good example is the Global HA to HA protocol 34, which
Distributed IP Mobility Approach) 35 can also be considered as a core-level scheme by allowing the distribution of MIP Home Agent (the normally isolated central server
Core network nodes are mainly simple IP routers. The scheme applies DHT and Loc/ID separation:
by using Hi3 50 for core-level distribution of HIP signaling plane) are also feasible
directly connected to the IP core infrastructure. Therefore, they provide convenient and implicit interoperability between heterogeneous wireless technologies, and facili
due to lack of core controller entities base stations are managed no more centrally; hence failure diagnostics and recovery must be handled in a fully distrib
Since all the BSS are connected directly to the IP core network, hiding mobility events from the IP layer is much harder
core Internet Protocols themselves We argue that service agnostic network design are no longer a way to achieve in
The core contribution of this paper is the distillation of an initial model for RWI based on an analysis of these state of art architectures and an under
•An identification of a core set of functions and underlying information models operations and interactions that these architecture have in common
At its core, the proposed architectural model defines a set of entities and their rela
The Cognitive Enablers represent the core of the Cognitive Framework and are in charge of providing the Future Internet control and manage
-minals, Base Stations, Backhaul network entities, Core network entities. The selec -tion and the mapping of the Cognitive Framework functionalities in the network enti
-haul Network entities, Core Network entities. There not exist a unique mapping be -tween the proposed conceptual framework over an existing telecommunication net
in particular, the Cognitive Enablers which are the core of the proposed architecture are independent of the peculiarities of the surrounding Resources, Actors and Appli
network entities, Core network entities: the most appropriate network entities for hosting the Cognitive Managers have to be selected environment by envi
453 MHZ Broadcom Processor with 8 MB Flash memory and 64 MB RAM; a WAN port and four LAN up to 1 Gigabit/s) and â€oecross-compiled†the code, to
which are the core of the Cognitive Managers, can potentially benefit from information coming from all layers of all net
memory of core Internet routers can be considered a â€oepublic good†that retail ISPS have an incentive to over-consume by performing prefix de-aggregation with Border
For example, it must be assumed that the core routers forward packets at line-speeds of tens of Gigabits per second, which requires ex
-dezvous core and scope-specific implementations of scope home nodes that imple -ment the functionality for a set of scopes
-ity implemented by the rendezvous core. We refer to our work in 5 for a detailed
be found in the rendezvous core, the subscription reaches the scope, which can then dynamically generate the response
Our core goal is to incept a transverse methodology that enables to manage assurance throughout
with easy-to-use GUIS and translators to and from the core formal models should be devised and migrated to the selected development environments
out by building contacts with core business units. First, in the trail of the suc
FIA projects like RESERVOIR or VISION are conducting research on core technological foundations of the cloud-of-clouds such as federation technologies
the Future Internet Core Platform project that will launch in 2011. This goes along with increased collaboration on open cloud standards under developments
& service brokers (2010), http://www. processor. com/editorial/article. asp article=articles%2fp3203%2f39p03%2f39p03. asp
should motivate the data collectors/processors to implement such technology Actually, in many cases, their business model relies on the as-less-restricted-as
a high level of trust in the data collector/processor. We presented some initial thoughts about how this problem can be mitigated through the usage of a tam
It provides a core infrastructure, and also a playground for future discoveries and innovations, combin
which allows regulating system resources such as CPU usage and memory, and provides also a monitoring tool, Ganglia, that measures net
using Xen server technology to regulate CPU usage. During this scenario the adaptive admission control and resource allocation algorithm is tested against network metrics
so that resource like CPU usage and network throughput get high values During the setup, the researcher wants to test http proxy software written in C pro
proxy unit, needs to monitor the CPU usage of the Web application and Database machines.
Then the algorithm should be able to set new CPU capacity limits on both resources.
cpu capacity of the resource A Use-Case on Testing Adaptive Admission Control 241 Fig. 2. The Resource adapters of the available testbed resources
back the CPU usage of the database resource 5 Conclusions The results of running an experiment in Panlab are encouraging in terms of moving
the future innovation of both the networking technology that lies at the Internet†s core
Among the core drivers for the FI are increased reliability, enhanced services, more flexibility, and simplified opera
links, which in the core-network segment are mostly based on optical transmis -sion technology, but also in the access segments gradual migration to optical
of amount of CPU), while the NCP+computes the most eï cient combination of end-points and network path to be used for the speciï c service.
The ability to trade IT-services as an economic good is seen as a core feature of
propose an SLA management framework that can become a core element for managing SLAS in the future Internet.
The service paradigm is a core principle for the Future Internet which supports integration, interrelation and inter-working of its architectural
We propose an SLA management framework that offers a core element for manag -ing SLAS in the future Internet.
On the highest level, we distinguish the Framework Core, Service Managers (infra -structure and software), deployed Service Instances with their Manageability Agents
The Framework Core encapsulates all functionality related to SLA management, business management, and the evaluation of service
>>framework core Fig. 1. Overview of the SLA Framework Reference Architecture While all framework components come with default implementations they can also
but software layer considerations are considered not core to this Use Case and are dealt more comprehensively with in the ERP Hosting Use Case
SLA specifies the characteristics of the virtual or physical resources (CPU speed, mem -ory, and storage) and again the costs required for the offering
The main aim of the Service Aggregation use case is the service-enabling of core
and execute different tasks with core mobile network systems that are behind Telefã nica Software Delivery Platform (SDP.
-purpose SLA management framework that can become a core element for managing SLAS in the future Internet.
use of the CPU memory assignment, packets lost and others. The invocation of the methods can
-sites for an instance (memory size, storage pool size, number of virtual CPUS 346 E. Santos et al
The Internet of Services is seen as a core com -ponent of the Future Internet â€oethe Future Internet is polymorphic infrastructure, where the bounda
The use of services as the core abstraction for constructing Linked Data applications is therefore more generally applicable than that
core parts, with Qos assurance is seen. A flexible way of usage †based on virtual -ised overlays †can offer a strong support for the transportation of multimedia
single or multiple core network domains having content aware processing capabilities in terms of Qos, monitoring, media flow adaptation, routing/forwarding and security
avoiding per-flow signalling in the core part of the network. In the new architecture MANE also can act as content â€oecachesâ€,
took only a few seconds on a PC with Pentium D CPU 3. 40ghz and 2. 00gb of
Innovation lies at the core of smart enterprises and includes not only products, services and processes but also the
Core nodes are linked by an underlying high speed optical network having up to 1, 000 Gbit/s bandwidth capacity provided by CANARIE.
To core network Wind power node architecture Spoke Switch Allied Telesis Raritan UPS (APC PDU Servers (Dell
To core network Backup Disk Arrays Gbe Tranceiver MUX/DEMUX GSN-Montreal (Canada GSN-Calgary (Canada
which is connected then to the core network through GE transceivers. Data flows are transferred among GSN nodes over dedicated
corresponds to the Core Middleware layer, implementing the platform level services that provide running environment enabling cloud computing
Given that each VM occupies one processor and that each server has up to 16 processors, 20 servers can be moved in parallel.
If each VM consumes 4gbyte memory space, the time required for such a migration is 1000sec
-driven innovation ecosystems may evolve to constitute the core of â€oe4p†(Public -Private-People-Partnership) ecosystems providing opportunities to citizens and busi
At the core of Periphã ria lies the role of Living Labs in constituting a bridge
design of urban-scale ICT platforms, three main core functionalities can be identified •Urban Communications Abstraction.
Iot Core Platform Working group discussion 25, multiple different approaches for First Generation Iot-platforms are currently being implemented.
sensors networks deployed throughout the city and the core IP communication network), the main responsibility is to provide independence from the communica
Research Challenges for the Core Platform for the Future Internet. In: M Boniface, M. Surridge, C. U (Eds.
/activities/foi/library/docs/fippp-research-challenges-for-core -platform-issue-1-1. pdf 5. Sundmaeker, H.,Guillemin, P.,Friess, P.,Woelfflã, S. eds.:
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