of advanced machinery, equipment and software for innovation; purchase or licensing of patents and non-patented inventions, know-how and other types of knowledge;
but this outlook â€oefrom the knowledge supply side†does not guarantee â€oevoice. †The second condition alludes
The unaffordable alternative was importing a special software The passage from the problem to demand was mediated by actors who are not directly
obtained is free software so it does not require material investment or large-scale logistics for implementation.
The software developed was transferred directly to the PCE for use in patients, while the research group made contacts with members of
desafã os para el contrato social de la ciencia en contextos de subdesarrollo. Buenos aires: VIII Jornada ESOCITE
x Robin Murray (Member of Tepsie†s independent Advisory Panel x Niels Christian Nielsen (DTI, Denmark
The adoption of this societal challenge approach has also been endorsed by Tepsie†s Advisory Panel
relationships, they merely Skype and leave aside â€oeall the restâ€), and the overall †mechanisation†of
x Services such as Skype have made global videoconferencing free and made it easier for people to form work partnerships across countries
web-design, app development, software programming or any other types which need ICT or are in
Each step of the laundry process has its own software module, and all required human supervision is kept simple and user friendly.
based on freeware programs which can also be adapted and further developed. There is an online screening tool for new student start-ups capturing ideas, strategies, key features
(which provides free software and assistance for anyone to â€oerun a website like Fixmystreet in your country or city, for freeâ€. the
software components fully open for other suppliers, as well as Mextal (the firm owning and commercially selling the concept),
as well as appropriate software and content Viedome is broadly applicable in houses as well as in institutions, and has a modular building
-Civil funding (free software), civil partners and civil operation -Athens, copied from elsewhere & copied by others & spreading
Social media and social communication tools (like Skype) are used also. The ICT operates together with traditional and physical activities, such as workgroups and
x Lifespring, India-Lifespring chose Red hat Enterprise Linux, JBOSS Enterprise Middleware, and a number of
Red hat certified, enterprise-class, open source software solutions to build its entire IT infrastructure Increased flexibility and choice by freeing the organisation from vendor lock in,
for mobile data collection and loaded it onto an Android Smartphone that the Community Health Workers
Vecna Cares upgraded the Clinipak software at Enoosaen and Olereko clinics with new features for improved patient outreach, data capture
All of the most innovative ideas, from Skype to Wikipedia, from online cartography to app stores, had a very quick, viral spreading.
FLOSS Manuals creates free documentation about free software. It is an online community of some 4-5 thousand volunteers creating manuals in over 30 languages
example of such reflections has been Free and Open source Software, which has been in -vestigated from many theoretical viewpoints, from transaction costs (the theory that explains
larger groups of people with a high-level of knowledge of specific topics, e g. software development capabilities, social innovation concepts, etc.
and 64-bit versions for Windows, GNU/Linux-based OSES, and MAC OS X 4. Book Sprint http://booksprints-for-ict-research. eu Book Sprint is a collaborative
Crabgrass https://we. riseup. net Crabgrass is a software libre web application designed for group
software, powering internet platforms for proposition development and decision making 27. Loomio https://www. loomio. org/?
software for anyone, anywhere, to participate in decisions 28. Mailpile https://www. mailpile. is Free and open-source web mail client with user
runs, the Slashdot-Like Automated Storytelling Homepage software 43. Status. Net http://status. net Free and open-source social software
44. Succeed Together http://www. succeedtogether. eu/en A company that is creating a semantic engine
platform leveraging from the free software implementations of Bitcoin and Bittorrent protocols 47. Ushahidi http://ushahidi. com Nonprofit tech company that specialises in
developing free and open-source software for information collection, visualisation and interactive mapping 48. Utopia http://www. utopia. de German community platform to discuss sustainable
wiki=Accueil Yeswiki is a software application made for creating and managing your website, in a collaborative way
Yeswiki is written Free Software in PHP language under the GPL licence, used for creating and managing an internet or intranet website
†Outlook for the Future The CAPS projects introduced in this book are the first projects to be funded under
Currie, M.,Kelty, C. & Murillo, L. F. R (2013)' Free Software trajectories: From Organized
The Cultural Significance of Free Software. Duke university Press Kirk, D.,Douglas, A.,Brennan, C. & Ingram, A. 2002)' Combining Cognitive Maps and Soft
through open access internet-oriented software languages. Core diï culties in setting these standards concern the low deï nition level of contents (deliverables), failure to determine the objectives and
models, simulations, computer programmes etc. A lecture can be given without slides without reading text, without diagrams or
A good Internet search engine informs us better. Life itself is the great instructor, and each individual has his or her
where the open source software model has been pioneered and promoted by small software suppliers and independent developers.
The reasons for this appear to be rooted in the intangible nature of software and the
difficulties in protecting software innovations Horizon 2020 Expert Advisory Group â€oeinnovation in SMES€: Consultation on Next EU Strategic Work Programme 2016-2017
9â 3. Gaps and Bottlenecks in SME Management of Innovation Theâ strengthâ ofâ SMESÂ liesâ inâ theirâ agility, Â imaginationâ andâ customerâ interaction.
13 The idea comes from the ICT world where sandboxes are used routinely to beta-test software, cybersecurity, etc in strictly
overallâ withâ SMESÂ usuallyâ taggingâ alongâ asâ minorâ partnersâ inâ theâ wakeâ ofâ dominantâ RTOS, Â universitiesâ
aside from Powerpoint presentations replacing most writing-on-a-blackboard styled ones. In the digital age the learning environment is
depend on the pace of digital development and adoption as well as the outlook for the European business climate.
This outlook will be influenced highly by the choices individuals and businesses make about using digital technologies
materials, components or software ranged between 10 and 50, %whilst the remaining enterprises relied solely on internal resources (see Figure 9
Figure 9 †Enterprises cooperating with suppliers of equipment, materials, components or software %of total innovative enterprises
from government to media to educators, can plug in and add value. The same story goes for Startup Britain.
Skype) and Daniel Ek (Spotify) putting entrepreneurial success in the picture and promoting entrepreneurship as a desirable career choice.
age will mainly depend on the outlook of both digital progress and the European business climate.
This outlook will be highly influenced both by the choices individuals and businesses make on using digital
%Software 1. 6%1. 5%0. 8%1. 5%0. 7%2. 9%2. 2%3. 2%1. 2%1
-that-invest-indesign-are -more-profitable/Quote by Teknikfã retagen†s chief economist Anders Rune, who
, Software, Medical, Natural resources Engineering Exporting; and Illustrate a Clear use of Design in Company SMES
working system including software mechanical, electrical, electronics and industrial design Mcor has continued to develop and has
electronic and software design work to meet demanding customer performance and usability criteria. Through outsourc
across a range of sectors †software, manufacturing and services †based in the northwest of Ireland.
More specifically, it is â€oethe ability of different information technology systems and software applications to communicate,
between different software systems is needed. For example, systems that have very different user interfaces can still communicate meaningful data
fragmentation of the health software market. There are many local suppliers and, as a result of mergers and takeovers, a diminishing number of big international players.
healthcare software suppliers, implementers together with the standards development organisations, policy makers and regulators. The overriding impetus for the introduction of
market share (for example, the Windows Operating system. Open standards, on the other hand, which may or may not be mandatory,
software systems 3. 2. 1 Messaging Standards One of the limitations of certain messaging standards is that they conflate process (services
which are already available in software products are selected for use It is also important for Ireland to participate in leading SDOS,
Related Software Quality Standards for Healthcare Terminology and Ontology Standards Standards for health sector specific
making information available or developing software individuals play an active part in the digital world.
Open source Software (OSS) to promote equality of opportunity 3. Ensuring secure government communication We will maintain
content and data or developers of software. We will set up information platforms with this goal in mind
and software used guarantees the confidentiality of their trade secrets and the integrity and availability of their IT
of hardware and software components 33vi. S ICHERHEIT, SCHUTZ UND VERTRAUEN FÃOER GESELLSCHAFT UND WIRTSCHAFT
geographical information systems (GIS), wireless sensor networks, data mediation software, and short message service (SMS). At the same time, the expansion of telecommunication networks into rural areas
software. BPO is a diverse category that contains activities related to the management of enterprise resources (ERM
Many young computer programmers are finding jobs working directly for software development firms. In addition there are opportunities for developers with entrepreneurial ambitions to start their own apps
This includes a need for people with skills to develop accessible software and websites for people with disabilities
The number of apps for Android has risen at roughly the same pace Games are considered still to be the most lucrative apps.
•Media and software companies that engage in app development for consumer use under their
technical skills who can develop accessible software, websites, and other ICTS. Currently, however, there is a vast shortage of people with these skills.
development of accessibility mobile phone apps and other software applications, with the most recent 97 In the United states, for example, Section 508 requires all public procurement of ICTS to be accessible to people with
writing software or developing and manufacturing environmentally efficient semiconductors and other products for instance. Other green
and software components. †116 Basic computer skills include (sample •turning a computer on and off
•understanding operating system, programmes, and data •managing files Intermediate computer skills (sample •performing basic functions of common productivity programmes (word processing
spreadsheet, presentation •using email and web browser •installing software and hardware Advanced computer skills (sample
•programming •using advanced features of productivity programmes •fixing simple computer problems Computer literacy at the intermediate level is becoming required for almost every job.
Skills examples Is able to use the collaborative features of software packages and web-based collaborative services (e g. track changes, comments on
Search engine basics e g. keyword search filtering CSS basics e g. fonts positioning Collaboration e g. co-creation, wikis
•basic understanding of search engine optimization (SEO) 135 Technology management •picking the right management
•software updates •data security and management 6. 2 Mentoring and networking ICT entrepreneurs identify their greatest needs as start-up capital and opportunities to network with
135 Search engine Optimization (SEO) involves the implementation of techniques and tactics used to increase the amount of
visitors to a website by obtaining a high-ranking placement in the search results pages of internet search engines such
as Google, Firefox, Yahoo and other search engines. SEO helps to ensure that a site is accessible to a search engine and
improves the chances that the site will be found by the search engine 136 Jonathan Kalan, â€oewhy Jordan Looks More Like Kenya than Silicon valley, †(wamda. com, November 21, 2012
www. wamda. com/2012/11/why-jordan-looks-more-like-kenya-than-silicon-valley Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment
major software companies, many in conjunction with development agencies. Some of these resources are available entirely online,
students, and Skype in the classroom, a free global community for teachers to connect their
panel at 2012 Maker Faire in New york, serving as an inspiration to young innovators Choosing a hands-on,
6 000 stipends to post-secondary developers for writing code for open source software projects. This event is held annually in various parts of the world.
mentor/s and given exposure to real-world software development scenarios and the opportunity for employment
As a recent OECD report on the Outlook of Science, Technology and Industry points out,
lack of software and technical support; absence of reliable electrical supply inadequate student-computer ratios; ICT learning restricted to studying basic computer literacy and not
177 OECD, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2012 (OECD Publishing, 2012), 486 http://dx. doi. org/10.1787/sti outlook-2012-en
/180 OECD, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2012; infodev, â€oeinformation and Communication Technology for
Technology and Industry Outlook 2012: 486; and Kozma and Isaacs, Transforming Education: the Power of ICT Policies
Outlook 2012 185 Kozma and Isaacs, Transforming Education: the Power of ICT Policies; Nidhi Tandon et al.
Technology Outlook for Singaporean K-12 Education 2012-2017,(Austin, Texas: The New Media Consortium, 2012), www. comminit. com/ict-4-development/content/technology-outlook-singaporean-k-12-education
-2012-2017 194 Openmrs, http://openmrs. org /195 Jembi Health Sysetms, www. jembi. org/programs
â€oetechnology Outlook for Singaporean K-12 Education 2012-2017 "197 International Youth Foundation, Opportunity for Action:
198 OECD, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2012 199 â€oecisco, †QA Apprenticeships, http://apprenticeships. qa. com/employers/corporate-bespoke-apprenticeships/qa
/203 OECD, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2012 Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment
"Global Employment Outlook September 2012: Bleak Labour Market Prospects for Youth.""Geneva: International Labour Office, 2012
Technology Outlook for Singaporean K-12 Education 2012-2017. Austin, Texas: The New Media Consortium, 2012. www. comminit. com/ict-4-development/content/technology-outlook
-singaporean-k-12-education-2012-2017 Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 66 Johnson, Larry, Samantha Adams,
OECD. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2012. OECD Publishing, 2012: 466 http://dx. doi. org/10.1787/sti outlook-2012-en
Apps Software application developed for a digital device. The term is associated often with the applications that run on mobile phones
Coding Writing instructions for a computer program Connectivism A network-based pedagogy that informs the work of MOOCS, OCW and other
and produce software projects, apps, and other solutions Hacker/maker space Community-operated workspace where people with common interests meet and
network, take Google docs, a centralized group and document management system, take Youtube, a centralized media hosting facility.
panels of individual experts (annual reviews. There will also be an impact assessment in January 2014, a report for the use of European stakeholders, including citizens.
A methodology for the socioeconomic impact assessment of Software-as-a -Service and Internet of Services research projects, Research Evaluation, 2014 23: 133-149
All of the most innovative ideas, from Skype to Wikipedia, from online cartography to app stores, had a very quick, viral spreading.
FLOSS Manuals creates free documentation about free software. It is an online community of some 4-5 thousand volunteers creating manuals in over 30 languages
example of such reflections has been Free and Open source Software, which has been in -vestigated from many theoretical viewpoints, from transaction costs (the theory that explains
larger groups of people with a high-level of knowledge of specific topics, e g. software development capabilities, social innovation concepts, etc.
and 64-bit versions for Windows, GNU/Linux-based OSES, and MAC OS X 4. Book Sprint http://booksprints-for-ict-research. eu Book Sprint is a collaborative
Crabgrass https://we. riseup. net Crabgrass is a software libre web application designed for group
software, powering internet platforms for proposition development and decision making 27. Loomio https://www. loomio. org/?
software for anyone, anywhere, to participate in decisions 28. Mailpile https://www. mailpile. is Free and open-source web mail client with user
runs, the Slashdot-Like Automated Storytelling Homepage software 43. Status. Net http://status. net Free and open-source social software
44. Succeed Together http://www. succeedtogether. eu/en A company that is creating a semantic engine
platform leveraging from the free software implementations of Bitcoin and Bittorrent protocols 47. Ushahidi http://ushahidi. com Nonprofit tech company that specialises in
developing free and open-source software for information collection, visualisation and interactive mapping 48. Utopia http://www. utopia. de German community platform to discuss sustainable
wiki=Accueil Yeswiki is a software application made for creating and managing your website, in a collaborative way
Yeswiki is written Free Software in PHP language under the GPL licence, used for creating and managing an internet or intranet website
†Outlook for the Future The CAPS projects introduced in this book are the first projects to be funded under
Currie, M.,Kelty, C. & Murillo, L. F. R (2013)' Free Software trajectories: From Organized
The Cultural Significance of Free Software. Duke university Press Kirk, D.,Douglas, A.,Brennan, C. & Ingram, A. 2002)' Combining Cognitive Maps and Soft
-ent operating systems such as Windows and Android, open standards have fostered innovation by allowing technologies like web browsers to be implemented over dif
-ferent underlying platforms, avoiding pro -prietary systems and vendor lock in on the web. This was a hard
open source Android operating system and spawned innovation in applica -tions worldwide; Facebook has enabled the building of thousands of apps and
open hardware, open source software open knowledge, data storage and ana -lytics and are producing valuable data
patents, open standards and free software together with the multi-stakeholder governance model Avoiding anti-competitive dynamics and lock in
-trol †machines), free CAD/CAM software, like Blender, 123d or Sketchup, and open source designs are now giving innovators better access to the enabling
open source software and open data. Projects and areas of work like Safecast or open source Geiger, the Smart Citizen Kit and open wearables are showing interesting
/CAM software and open source designs are now giving innovators better access to tools, products skills and capabilities they need to
-base, create visualisations using the Openspending software and to use the Openspending API. Although the Openspending
source software for the collection, visualisation and interactive mapping of information. The primary purpose of Crisisnet is
open data, free and open software and open hardware Github, the collaborative service for open software developers, is revolutionising
software foundation Wayra Unltd The Accelerator Healthbox London Clearlyso Angels Bethnal Green Ventures Tor Open
-sor which can be programmed with open-source software tools by the user. The idea is that anyone should be able to turn
software foundation Wayra Unltd Bethnal Green Ventures Tor Guifi. net Confine Smart Santander Makerfaire The different methods by which these organisations are supporting DSI
FB, Apple, Android Federated Social networks Diaspora Crowdsourcing Social web entrepreneurs Startup Europe Smart Cities Internet of
FB, Apple, Android Federated Social networks Diaspora Crowdsourcing Social web entrepreneurs Startup Europe Smart Cities Internet of
software patents Banning software patents and defending Network Neutrality will keep bottom-up innovation feasible and affordable
Software packages that are patented can be expensive and less accessible to potential individual innovators. Also the
Internet needs to continue to be a neutral space where creativity can continue to flourish
They combine investments in new hardware and software with experi -ments to discover better ways of delivering healthcare or reducing carbon emissions
open source software) can be obtained at a lower cost with a better quality from reliable suppliers, and that open standards and interoperability are implemented.
source software should be easy to acquire from government at all levels Open source procurement As an example, in 2004, the UK government launched
funding and all public-funded software should use open standards. For a definition of open standards, see Openstand Principles48
and Makerspaces with free software and open hardware training, or by the Open Data Institute (ODI) and Open Knowledge
analytics software to test demand Fi na n -ci al V al ue There has to be a market for
cohort/panel study, regular interval surveying Level 3 You can demonstrate that your product/service
Big OTT are Google, Skype, Youtube Netflix, Facebook, Amazon and EBAY 4 Sestini, Fabrizio.``Collective awareness
/outlook/e-outlook/stipolicyprofiles /competencestoinnovate /taxincentivesforrdandinnovation. htm 39 http://crowdingin. com 40 http://www. lanzanos. com
-outlook-19991428. htm 85 https://www innovationpolicyplatform. org Figures Page 25 Natalie Ortiz (2012) â€oeouishare Summit
In the Social Innovation Camp, an inter disciplinary group brings together software designers and experts in social issues.
processes and for selection panels that are independent of the political process and allow selection
plenary panels, short flash sessions and a new format called †Vox pops†in which citizens contribute their ideas on culture
182 Diogo Vasconcelos chaired a Business Panel on Future EU innovation policy in January 2009 to provide input
-ing position when typing †social innovation†into search engines. It hosts a community of practitioners with about 5000 registered members and has welcomed more than
y proposing new promising models of participatory innovation based on open software and open hardware y achieving a better understanding of the techno-social issues related to key aspects
in terms of software but also hardware, such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi innovations considered to be low-cost state-of-the-art platform technology components.
For example, the †European Citizens†Panel †New democratic toolbox for new Institutions†197 tested the participatory methods of organising panels
on a large scale, with randomly chosen citizens, to develop operational recommenda -tions on effective tools for involving citizens in the decision-making process of the Eu
Four national citizens†panels were held in Germany, Bulgaria, Hungary and Latvia, as well as a European event bringing citizens, experts and decision-makers into dialogue
The national panels enabled citizens to discuss the use of participatory democracy methods on a European scale.
Following the national citizens†panels and the civil society fora, a set of European rec
part in the national panels before being discussed by an international expert panel at an international conference.
leadership practices as their operating system, and have succeeded in formulating solid recommendations for the improvement of one of
For example, bringing together diagnostic computer programmes, call centres and nurses to provide new kinds of healthcare;
including software, gaming and music. Other landmark projects that gave people a licence to be creative in other fields include:
vendor relationship-management software tools to put citizens in control of the personal data held by big firms and public agencies.
68) Citizen†s panels are similar to citizen juries but tend to involve more people †typically between 500 and 3, 000 people.
82) Fast prototyping emerged first in the software field, the idea being that faster implementation would speed up learning.
Felipe Berrã os, who launched the initiative, believed that this was the best arrangement â€
specification, and trains suppliers in the use of the software of the bidding process. The auction takes from two hours to a few days, with
Prize in conjunction with the United Nation†s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for †their efforts to build up and disseminate
and open-source software such as the Linux operating system, the Mozilla Firefox browser, and the Apache web server.
and improve the software. Peer-to-peer platforms can be characterised by decentralisation, self-selected participation self-allocated tasks, community based moderation, and diversity of
business assets, such as Salesforce†s provision of software to nonprofit organisations, or TNT€ s distribution of food to disaster areas
translation software on its Meedan website of Arabic blogs, or Dialogue Cafã and the Social Innovation Exchange (SIX) using Telepresence
of open-source software, or web-based social networking around specific issues (there are reportedly 18 million cancer related websites, the great
-source software, they are also creating new terms and conditions for the use of information and products.
Hackney†s Online Citizen Panel 43 Hammarby Sjã stad 112 Harvard university Ash Institute for Democratic Governance and Innovation
Linux 139 Live Work 31 London Climate Change Agency 158 Mapping 17-19 Margolis Wheel 47-48
1) the open hardware and free software communities,(2) the community of developers,(3) innovation
the open hardware and free software communities,(2) the community of developers,(3) innovation labs,(4
part in panel session and presented project ambitions with the aim to engage the ICT community in the
The open hardware and free software communities The open source community is a broad-reaching community of individuals who share an open source
Although in the beginning of the movement, a difference between hardware and software did not exist nowadays, we distinguish between the open source software community and the open source hardware
community. The individuals who participate in the former support the use of open source licenses that
make software available for anybody to use or modify as its source code is made available. The open source
software community is formed by programmers who support the open source philosophy and that contribute to the community by voluntary writing and exchanging programming code for software development.
There are several examples of software that have been developed under an open source philosophy. Some of them
are Mozilla, Apache, Openoffice. org, or PHP The open source hardware community is formed by individuals that design hardware (that is, tangible
artefacts: machines, devices, or other physical things) and make it publicly available so that anyone can study
platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software, which is intended for artists, designers hobbyists and anyone interested in creating interacting objects or environments
-ware and software Open source activ -ists Firms supporting open source activists Communities Open source plat -forms Peer governance High entry barriers (technological
The open source hardware and software communities Within this wider community, two movements can be identified: the open source software community and
the open source hardware community. In both cases, the focal actors are the activists: either they support the
use of open source licenses that make software available for anybody to use or modify as its source code is
made available (open source software activists) or they support the open source philosophy and contribute to the community by voluntary writing and exchanging programming code for software development (the open
source hardware activists Firms, organisations, and not-for-profit communities supporting open source activists are considered enablers
Among some of its guiding ideas, the P2p Foundation supports the principles developed by the free software
Github44 a web-based hosting service for software development projects that use Git, an open source version
although the author particularly refers to open source software communities. The shared ownership of open source projects allows anyone to fork a project at any time.
the leader being the founder of the project, such as Linus Torvalds for Linux or Jimmy wales for Wikipedia
anyone can be part of an open source hardware or an open source software community but in order to be engaged actively,
like Linux, invest one developer (or a subgroup of developers) with the authority to accept
tech (software/Internet), biotech, clean tech, natural foods, and lifestyles of health and sustainability. Feld (2012) states that these clusters can be considered as networks for their members do not
with 80%of paid Android apps being downloaded fewer than 100 times. Â In addition, they noted that even successful apps, such as Mycityway81
and software Government contracts and procurement Creating fast growing plat -forms (companies Reducing costs (companies
The open source hardware and software communities In terms of instruments, usually, open source products are free. However, related-services might not be
For example, open source software and its supporting code are generally free of cost to download, use and
While R offers no cost access to its software and source code Revolution R Enterprise92, a proprietary spin-off, markets a faster version of R. The company can process very
source software. In January 2011, the Australian Government released an open source software policy and guidance documentation for Australian government agencies to inform their use, modification and
development of open source software. In April 2012, the United kingdom released the second version of the
document â€oeopen source software options for governmentâ€. In December 2013, the Italian government issued final rules implementing a change to procurement law that now requires all public administrations in the
country to first consider reused or free software before committing to proprietary licenses Open source hardware is not that popular among governments although there a few interesting examples.
We have referred already to the Flok Society in Ecuador93. Working with an academic partner, the Government of
distributed 3, 000 open hardware kits (the Civic Information Starter Kits), open hardware and software packages
on open source to limit the power of large companies, particularly software companies, and because individuals think software
and hardware should not be proprietary goods), community identification (for open source development communities are not communities only in a technical sense of the word but also in terms
Avenali et al (2010), in their study on open software and hardware innovation platforms, point to economic incentives (that may result in a increase of profit),
In the field of software, public services, organisations and territorial administrations collectively represent a major software user with great impact on the software market:
when an agency adopts open software, it also forces its contractors to adopt the government†s platform of choice so
they are eligible to work for them The community of developers The community of developers (mainly apps developers) and entrepreneurs have several instruments that are
digital social innovation is enabled often by open data, free software, and open hardware platforms. In many
Net Neutrality and banning software patents Banning software patents and continue to campaign for the internet to remain a neutral space
Keep bottom-up innovation feasible and affor -dable. Software packages that are patented can be expensive making them less accessible and
not affordable to potential individual innovators Also the internet needs to continue to be a neutral
innovators are innovating with cheap open hardware, open source software, open knowledge, open data and analytics faster,
alternative to Apple or Android) as a kind of â€oeregulated monopoly†able to ensure some basic services at
cohort/panel study regular interval surveying Level 3 You can demonstrate that your product /service is causing the impact, by showing less
when developers take a copy ofâ source codeâ from oneâ software packageâ and start independent development on it, creating a distinct piece of software (Wikipedia
47. http://www. barcelonastartupfestival. com /48. http://startupfestival. com/home /67 49. http://inspiration. entrepreneur. com
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