wrote software for journalism and communication education. These pioneers were developing a wide range of creative digital learning tools such computer algorithms for analyzing student
particular e-groups software tool they used for online collaboration In this context, course management tools such as Blackboard and ecollege, at least as
Software such as Daqri 3d allows the reader of a magazine to point her or his mobile device at an AR enhanced image in the magazine and access the embedded AR
hardware, computer software, and per -sonnel)( Krishnan and Sriram 2000. Over time, firms that invest more than their
and improved software and technologi -cal sophistication of the workforce, no longer are reserved adaptations for the
, hardware, software, and person -nel) relative to other competitors within the same industry. Drawing upon a
and software for an Internet of Energies  •Integrating grid operation and electronic marketplace
open hardware, open source software open knowledge, data storage and ana -lytics and are producing valuable data
patents, open standards and free software together with the multi-stakeholder governance model Avoiding anti-competitive dynamics and lock in
-trol †machines), free CAD/CAM software, like Blender, 123d or Sketchup, and open source designs are now giving innovators better access to the enabling
open source software and open data. Projects and areas of work like Safecast or open source Geiger, the Smart Citizen Kit and open wearables are showing interesting
/CAM software and open source designs are now giving innovators better access to tools, products skills and capabilities they need to
-base, create visualisations using the Openspending software and to use the Openspending API. Although the Openspending
source software for the collection, visualisation and interactive mapping of information. The primary purpose of Crisisnet is
open data, free and open software and open hardware Github, the collaborative service for open software developers, is revolutionising
software foundation Wayra Unltd The Accelerator Healthbox London Clearlyso Angels Bethnal Green Ventures Tor Open
-sor which can be programmed with open-source software tools by the user. The idea is that anyone should be able to turn
software foundation Wayra Unltd Bethnal Green Ventures Tor Guifi. net Confine Smart Santander Makerfaire The different methods by which these organisations are supporting DSI
software patents Banning software patents and defending Network Neutrality will keep bottom-up innovation feasible and affordable
Software packages that are patented can be expensive and less accessible to potential individual innovators. Also the
Internet needs to continue to be a neutral space where creativity can continue to flourish
They combine investments in new hardware and software with experi -ments to discover better ways of delivering healthcare or reducing carbon emissions
open source software) can be obtained at a lower cost with a better quality from reliable suppliers, and that open standards and interoperability are implemented.
source software should be easy to acquire from government at all levels Open source procurement As an example, in 2004, the UK government launched
funding and all public-funded software should use open standards. For a definition of open standards, see Openstand Principles48
and Makerspaces with free software and open hardware training, or by the Open Data Institute (ODI) and Open Knowledge
analytics software to test demand Fi na n -ci al V al ue There has to be a market for
computing resources, software and data repositories) for research and education and any other entity of a unique nature essential to achieving or enabling
well this new software works. Researchers in the TABULA RASA project are looking into the growing phenomenon
Today, the sector includes hardware, software, the Internet, telephony, and content, application, and support service, provided by entities ranging from corporate giants to garage entrepreneurs to individual
generate new demand for hardware, software, and services Mobile telecommunications took 20 years to reach one billion users,
owner-operators training, software, and connectivity to the e-procurement portal, which increases their willingness to invest in PCS,
networks or ecosystems, spanning from component and equipment manufacturers to independent software developers and vendors to distributors and retailers to systems architects to technical support services.
its revenues. 38 SAP, the world leader in collaborative enterprise software with 50%of the market, employs
and entrepreneurs establish careers and businesses in the software industry †at the same time laying critical foundations for its own future growth
combinations of funding, curricula, hardware and software donations, employee volunteer time, and other resources according to local needs and goals.
equipment or software donations and training or support services in the form of pro bono time.
SAP AG, the market leader in collaborative enterprise software, is leveraging its core competence to help build the capacity for good governance in resource-rich developing
software solutions enabling mutual transparency and accountability among the companies and governments involved THE ROLE OF THE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SECTOR in Expanding Economic Opportunity20
pushback, as evidenced by the growing open-source software movement, Creative Commons licensing regimes, and †less constructively †blatant flouting of IP controls
software economies through a network of 110 Innovation Centers in 60 countries †helping individuals and entrepreneurs
establish careers and businesses in the software industry and laying critical foundations for its own future growth
software vendors (ISVS) to distributors to retail stores Microsoft occupies a unique position in its partner ecosystem.
Local Software Economy Group supports the development of new partners by fostering the growth of healthy
software ecosystems around the world. While the Enterprise Partner Group is a critical part of the company†s
near-term business strategy, the Local Software Economy (LSE) Group is part of a cluster of initiatives that helps
In mature countries, where local software economies already exist, MICS incubate start-ups and broker relationships between entrepreneurs and potential financial backers.
and Mexico, software ecosystems exist but often struggle with quality or limited local market size.
Soviet republics, for example, development skills are generally quite strong and fledgling software economies exist, but Microsoft has little on-the-ground presence †so the company has organized developers into
or wanting to kick-start local software economies will often pay internship wages or first year salaries for graduates that obtain jobs.
involves selling a license for platform software. The MICS, while considered business investments, do not
software, hardware, training, government services and technology support. In addition to Microsoft itself â€oetypical†partners include government agencies, financial institutions, independent software vendors, hardware
providers, and Internet service providers. Non-governmental organizations are often part of the PPPS as well Eight business development managers worldwide are responsible for identifying and building PTAS.
value chain linkages with local hardware and software vendors and distributors. PTAS expand these partnersâ€
entrepreneurs and small business owner-operators training, software, and connectivity to the e-procurement portal, which increases their willingness to invest in PCS,
•Free website design and management software •Downloadable business forms 5. 4 IFC AND IBM€ S SME TOOLKIT
•Survey and quiz-building software •Business directories Entrepreneurs have very little time; the Toolkit is designed to allow them to access the resources they need with
advanced skills, covering subjects such as UNIX, Java, security, wireless, PC hardware and software, and networking operating systems.
SAP, the global leader in collaborative enterprise software, is leveraging its expertise in business network transformation to
SAP AG has become the world†s largest business software company, with over 50%market share worldwide.
The company specializes in software solutions that enable customers to improve their business performance †in particular,
Governments could also see value in adopting more SAP software. Further adoption would go beyond
Microsoft. n d. Local software economy case study: Microsoft Innovation Centers. http://download. microsoft. com/download/6/9/f/69f8c76b-198e
n d. Local software economy case study: Microsoft Innovation Centers http://download. microsoft. com/download/6/9/f/69f8c76b-198e-4114
are research-oriented †Software Park Hagenberg SWP) and Research and Training Centre for Labour and
-oriented is the Software Park Hagenberg (SWP), located close to the capital of Linz. It is a technology and
research centre for software development, industrial mathematics, and related services, exclusively focusing on this technology field.
software, data processing, and consulting services. There are hardly any manufacturing companies and only a few high-tech firms.
machinery, and services (frequently software) while only 19 belong to the metal-and-steel industry, metal pro
software industry frequently carry out product innovations, often together with customers And finally, science-based producers (e g.,
-tion) and IT (esp. international computer hardware and software enterprises that have operations in Bangalore. The enterprise structure consists of many branches of MNCS
-lore†s software cluster owes †its origins and growth to increased cross-border flows of
the Indian software industry in the future. †This refers to the often heard criticism that Bangalore†s success is only a result of the foreign investment because of low cost ad
The software cluster in Bangalore. In: J. H Dunning (ed.:Regions, globalization, and the knowledge-based economy.
Innovation in Small Scottish Software Firms. In: Entrepreneurship & Regional Devel -opment 12 (3), 217†244
3. 3. 3 Use of Open source Software...53 3. 3. 4 Deployment and implications of RFID technology...
Specific software solutions for the TLS sector such as Cargo Handling Technology, Fleet Control system and ITMS (Intermodal Trans
-ment) systems, a comprehensive software to capture, storage and analysis customer data in an integrated way, is used not yet widely in the
Software products System and application software â 76 billion IT services Consulting, implementation and operations
management â 140 billion Carrier services Fixed voice telephone and data services, mobile telephone services, cable TV
system software. Warehouse management systems (WMS) assist managers in tracking products throughout the entire storage and distribution process.
medium of communication and by the software controlling the communication (i e.,, the protocols). ) An Intranet is a specific application of the internal computer network which
software tools and the use of specialised tools supporting business functions within industries other than the ICT industryâ€. 63 There are companies-usually medium and
The IM@GINE-IT personal assistant is a small additional piece of software that will run on any mobile device,
3. 3. 3 Use of Open source Software The open source model Open source software (OSS) is computer software
which source code is available under a license (or arrangement such as the public domain. This permits users to use, change
and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified form. Open source is cited frequently as one of the most important movements in modern software
creation. Related projects are supported by the European Commission82 and almost every further and higher education institution makes use of open source software.
The promise of open source is better quality, higher reliability, more flexibility, lower cost, and an end to predatory vendor lock in.
software OSS includes software with source code in the public domain and software distributed under an open-source license.
It is developed often in a public, collaborative manner and is the most prominent example of open source development
this is because the right to freely redistribute the software makes selling licences for copies of open source software an unlikely business proposition
The following research example shows the possibility of OSS in the logistics field: the Open source Warehouse Management System, developed at Fraunhofer-Institut fã r
Networked Enterprise Applications and Software, FP6 508011), coordinated by University Bordeaux 1 with 47 partners and more than 300 researchers
open source software. In October 2006, it granted â 3m towards a project, called SQO-OSS, to
test the quality of open source software. And just days before, the Commission extended its open source web portal, the Open source Observatory
codes of a software project as well as a permanent communication between all participants. This makes the interface specifications, the system architecture and the data
with modern software technologies and tools with the aim to create a widely accepted WMS with well-defined interfaces and data models. mywms will be object oriented and
Deployment of Open source Software Deployment of open source software should follow the same pattern of evaluation of
needs, testing, and acquisition from a supplier and so on as would be used with proprietary software. The cost of deploying and supporting software, whether open
source or closed source, is very often much higher than the simple cost of licence
acquisition, and will often be the principal component of the total cost of ownership. 84
In comparison with proprietary software OSS is more inexpensive in acqui -sition and use (total costs of ownership), also because the direct and indirect main
84 Joint Information systems Committee (JISC),(2006) Open source Software briefing paper http://www. jisc. ac. uk/publications/publications/pub ossbp. aspx
efficient maintenance of the software which will result in a more effective effort by ICT
cost of deployment and also the potential impact on the rest of the software that they are
"software. The owner of a closed system can let his programme cooperate with open -source software;
after all he has access to the complete source. The opposite-closed source code, not able to cooperate with other programs-is more common than an
type of open source software, and a further 8%reported plans to pilot it during 2006.
Software in micro and small enterprises which constitute the vast majority of TLS companies Exhibit 3. 3-3:
Companies using Open source Software 8 9 21 28 10 13 32 41 21 24 30
software for local needs. Proprietary software companies are concentrated usually global in a few parts of the world.
This is the nature of the software market, which, thanks to network effects and proprietary standards tends towards natural monopolies. 87 Also,
as is the case in the TLS sector, many large corporations are now deploying Open source
A digital signer will require software, and will probably have to pay a certification authority some price to issue a certificate
relying on digital signatures will incur expenses for verification software and perhaps for access to certificates and certificate revocation lists in a repository
Economic impact of open source software on innovation and the competitiveness of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector in the EU
or set of computer programs) used to track and store electronic documents and/or images of paper documents.
software and hardware to achieve the integration. A key ingredient of most ERP systems is the use of a unified database to store data for the various system modules.
†a software application to manage the placing or receipt of orders †a warehouse or
industry reported the use of software solutions or internet-based services for e -procurement (see Exhibit 3. 4-1). This shows that there is a gap between the percentage
software for this (20%.%It can be assumed that companies without such software place orders mainly through websites or extranets of suppliers,
which does not require any special e-procurement system. The digital back-office integration of procurement related
%SCM software can help companies from the TLS industry to match supply and demand through integrated and collaborative interaction tools.
The solution is based on a software solution that allows automating the exchange of documents between customers
This software is linked to the internal information system of CEMAT, an Italian company specialised in combined
companies, a possible explanation is that many companies have software for managing their inventory and supplies internally, without really integrating suppliers directly through
%firms using SCM software/sharing information on inventory levels with suppliers (2007 4 8 22
SCM software is intended thus to manage numerous and different activities and tasks many of which have their own specific software.
Some vendors have assembled these different chunks of software together under a single solution, but the development of a
complete package that is right for every company is a big challenge. As a result, SCM
The detailed setup and processing within a WMS can vary significantly from one software vendor to another;
software management (â€oegoalâ€) system with GPS train control (â€oee-trainâ€. Hupac is a leading company in combined transport across The swiss Alps and in transport of
CRM software suites are quite expensive and require intensive organisational preparation to be introduced effectively in a company.
Open source Software. The use of OSS seems to be correlated positively to the size of the company in employees.
adoption of ICT hardware and software correlates with innovation activity of firms "conduct"),and whether there are any significant links between innovation activity
115 For the econometric estimation, the software package Frontiers 4. 1 was used (Coelli, 1996 E-business in the transport & logistics industry
assets include investments in software, training and organisational transformations that accompany ICT investments. In other words, firms that combine high levels of ICT and
specified in the software design The copy-exactly strategy is particularly beneficial if the initial understanding of the
Software endowment index that comprises of software applications used by a firm The index includes the following applications:
Software index (A6, A7, B1, B3) 0. 362***0. 060 IT practitioners (E1) 0. 571***0. 195
Software use and IT practitioners drive organisational changes: The intensity of ICT applications and in particular IT-skilled employees are the major drivers of
skills combined with innovative software that enable firms to rearrange their operations, functions and workflows,
3. 4. 1 Use of software systems for internal process integration E-business in the transport & logistics industry
Integrated software management with GPS train control at Hupac, Switzerland Discussion of challenges and success of the application of an
3. 4. 1 Use of software systems for internal process integration Case study 11: Real-time passenger information system at
3. 4. 1 Use of software systems for internal process integration Case study 12: Improving public transport management
accounting and payroll software panning garage software for management A practical example of applications enabled by the company-wide integration of data
flows is a new timetable which manages the timetables of all individual workers and automatically links these data to the payroll application.
integrated (with the new software version operating The centralised information system has also a positive impact on data security.
company web site, a Sage software solution for the accounting, as well as a global transport management solution
The solution that has been developed is composed modular software of the core Solulog solution and some specific developments to meet the needs of AIT.
For a nationwide system, a unitary hardware and standard software architecture has been chosen to offer long-term benefits, like improved technical support, technical
solution is based on Hewlett-packard hardware, Oracle RDBMS software and Practical Automation thermal printers, verified for more than 7 years in real-time operation and
validated the technical solution (hardware and software) as well as the design and provided real data to determine the transaction volumes needed to operate such a
From 2000 to 2004 a new version of the software solution was designed by the CFR
application software and deployment Future major developments that are foreseen are to open the system for the public on the
Feroviarä managed the software development, the infrastructure setup and the deployment of the solution. The passenger railway company established a new
as well as hardware and software for the four deployed e -services. Maintenance cost for the portal is about 11000 Euros per month
integrated software that manages transport data in real time, coordinating all phases of intermodal traffic. â€oegoal†is connected to â€oee-trainâ€, an innovative GPS train control
ever enlarging network has led to the creation of an integrated software management system with GPS train control
taken 8 months most of it being the software implementation, followed by a 4-months test
The overall cost for the solution including software, hardware and implementation were approximately 100.000 Euros.
hardware and software) and intelligence traffic systems. This firm was in charge of the integration and implementation of the system,
Global Oriented Application for Logistics) is integrated an software designed by Hupac that coordinates intermodal transport from booking to billing.
information is integrated then automatically within the Goal software, providing a constantly updated situation of the progression of each train.
The server where the Goal software is stored at is connected fully to the Hupac central system.
software The project commenced with a 6-months analysis phase for defining the application needs, followed by a 6-months development phase for the application.
The software developed is running on a WINDOWS NT 2000 server that is managed in house. 15
The FRIDA solution is based on software, entirely developed by Nordic Port. It is a web
 Improve dialogue and cooperation with software providers  Encourage initiatives for networking and cooperation
"The use of SCM software is also very limited among smaller companies (6%).Against this background, mechanisms to
A Computer programme for Stochastic Frontier Production and Cost Function Estimation, Centre for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, University
Joint Information systems Committee (JISC),(2006) Open source Software briefing paper http://www. jisc. ac. uk/publications/publications/pub ossbp. aspx
Economic impact of open source software on innovation Verdoorn, P. J. 1949), Fattori che regolano lo sviluppo della produttivitg del lavoro, in:
 Software publishing 683 Questionnaire The questionnaires for Projects 1 and 2 contained about 70 questions which were
•Runtime support, a software environment providing services for the execution of AAL applications •Development support,
The GUIDE (â€oegentle user interfaces for elderly peopleâ€) project is creating a software framework and design tools which allow developers to efficiently integrate accessibility
phase and the software framework is being showcased at events around Europe such as IFA 2012, a leading trade show for Consumer Electronics and Home appliances
and their underlying software-based service platforms, are a prerequisite for the use and uptake of innovative business models
technologies (hardware and software) that allow for electronic communication, data collection and processing in distributed networks (e g.
music, software; may add an extra mode Delivery may be reorganized to decrease transport demand; but if time
Enterprise-wide collaboration software Overview The Secretaria Municipal de Saã de de Belo Horizonte (SMSA-BH), reorganised its
Doctors use the software's instant messaging capability to consult with each other for quick questions or opinions in a secure real-time environment.
Irish Software Assocation isoft Lincor Solutions MANITEX Silicon & Software systems (S3 Slã¡inte Technologies System Dynamics
systems or between versions of the same software. It must also be gathered consistently if it is to permit effective secondary analysis of health data
software/hardware, and patient management systems provided over the web via an application service provider (ASP
MAEHC reports hardware and software costs of approximately USD 30 700, plus another USD 12 100 for support
hardware and software start-up costs of approximately USD 15 500 plus an annual fee of almost USD 4 000 the first year, rising to almost USD 6 000
Software & implementaion 17 200 9 091 Annual support/License 5 600 3 709 (1st year
These EMR software platforms were largely incompatible with each other, and were not interoperable. They had to be modified to
the development of open source health care software with several initial successes. Open source software is developed with an open code that is made
available, at no cost, in the public domain to download and change as needed and again share with the community.
and software. It does not necessarily imply freely available or royalty-free. The term â€oeopen standard†is coupled sometimes with â€oeopen source†with the idea that
Making open source software such as EHRS available as an option for physicians offers significantly lower upfront costs.
mean free software for everyone, nor it necessarily implies higher guarantees of reliability and quality than commercial products.
source software depends on the community of developers who participates in its development (California Health care Foundation, 2006.
Examples of open source software that have been developed and are being widely deployed, include EMR software such as OSCAR, Freemed, Vista and other software such as
Medline, Epi-X and others. To this effect, a 2002 NHS Information Authority paper on â€oeopen
Source Software and the NHS€ concluded: â€oeopen source health care applications would provide healthy competition to the existing closed source commercial market, encouraging
More recently in the United states, the success of the open source Vista EHR software developed by the US Veterans Administration,
support for open source software, the Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology (CCHIT) has created recently three separate pathways to electronic health
software potentially eligible under incentive programmes with funding guidelines calling for such certification CHAPTER 2. WHAT PREVENTS COUNTRIES FROM IMPROVING EFFICIENCY THROUGH ICTS?
California Health care Foundation (2006), Open source Software: A Primer for Health care Leaders, ihealth Reports Center for Democracy & Technology (2008), â€oecomprehensive Privacy and
Smith, C. 2002), â€oeopen Source Software and the NHS: White paper National Health Service Information Authorityâ€, available at
encourages incremental compliance by software suppliers with the National e-Health Transition Authority (NEHTA) standards and specifications, with
Most practices had computer software and hardware to perform administrative and clinical functions, and most (78.3
web-based software developed by the B c. Health Ministry with a Health Canada†s Primary Health care Transition Fund grant.
costs associated with in-office installation of EHR software/hardware which are more significant than those incurred for an ASP-based EMR by
as well as meeting software and hardware compatibility requirements. However though the MAEHC had done an extensive job researching the vendors and making final
software failure •Working with stakeholders to update the Vendor Conformance and Usability Requirements (VCUR) for physician's offices.
Centre for Software Practice (UWA Centre) provided dedicated technical support under a not-for-profit partnership agreement
most practices had the computer software and hardware to perform administrative and clinical functions, and most (78.3%)had speed a high internet connection.
Australia (UWA) Centre for Software Practice The goals of the project were to achieve •Secure messaging and increased collaboration between health
UWA Centre for Software Practice had been a critical, if not major factor in the successful implementation of the project, both for the enthusiastic
extensive expertise in software development 132 †ANNEX A. COUNTRY CASE STUDIES IMPROVING HEALTH SECTOR EFFICIENCY:
The CDM â€oeself-evaluation†toolkit is based a web software developed by the B c. Health Ministry.
coupled with practice management software to link all clinical and administrative practice functions in one seamless health
traditional in-office installation of software/hardware and installation through an external application service provider (ASP.
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