infrastructure for the open Internet constituted by open standards, open data, free and open software, and
open source software Crowd-Mapping DSI organisations and their activities: The types of organisations working on DSI in Eu
knowledge, contents, software, and data, such as enhancing public domain and making digital contents and information more accessible and reusable by all citizens
-ing tools (3d printers, CNC machines), free CAD/CAM software like Blender, 123d or Sketchup and open
are emerging at the intersection between open hardware, DIY culture, open source software and open data
software, and open hardware. Finally, Github †the collaborative service for open software developers †is
collaborative service for open software writers Academia and research institutions Universities and other research-driven organisations such as think thanks,
microprocessor, which can be programmed with simple, open-source software tools by the user. The idea is
Activity is embedded then in software and interpreted by algorithms through highly normative processes This smart infrastructure is also increasingly â€oegetting to know people†by aggregating personal and social
-grammed with simple, open-source software tools by the user. The idea is that anyone should be able to turn an Arduino into a simple electronic
The software consists of a standard pro -gramming language compiler and a boot loader that executes on the
-no†s hard and software. This is very likely the result of Arduino†s clear organisational focus on collaboration and sharing amongst its communi
or they can communicate with software running on a computer (e g Flash, Processing, Maxmsp 59
software can be downloaded for free. The hardware reference designs CAD files) are available under an open-source license,
Arduino software is also open-source. The source code for the Java environment is released under the GPL and the C/C++ micro
-alded a paradigm shift from open-source software alone to open-source hardware. Correspondingly, Arduino†s low economic threshold has
and software for the Arduino board. Arduino design plans can thus be downloaded and man -ufactured by anyone;
Open source Software †Not only the Arduino hardware is open; the Ar -duino software is also open-source.
The source code for the Java environ -ment is released under the GPL and the C/C++ micro controller libraries
Type of Organisation The Your Priorities software is open source and the product of the Icelan
software that powers Your Priorities. As well as being made available on Github so that like-minded civic hackers can contribute to and improve
development and maintenance of the Your Priority software Social Enterprise services: Cities, countries and groups can also pay to
has been simplified in every generation of the software to enable more people to participate more easily
For each of those domains, an open software API is developed in one of the participating cities or regions,
Open source Software, which enables the uptake and extension of the software by the development community forgoing stifling discussions on
IP and closed development silos Open Data, as it builds software to publish Linked Open Data in stand
-ardised formats that enables app developers to make royalty-free appli -cations that scale Open API€ s, that provide a nonproprietary way for data-owners to pub
Agile Software Development, by way of SCRUM tools and methodologies Next to these, standards are used like GTFS (General Transit Feed Speci
aspect of software coding, the culture of developers who simply favour building applications from scratch sometimes persists
the Comprehensive Knowledge Archive Network (CKAN) 23 software This central catalog points to open data available from the different
platform is to develop an integrated hard and software platform which enables citizens to effortlessly capture information related to their
The free or low cost access to open source hard and software means that Fablab communities both benefit from and contribute to the value
plans for the phone itself and the software, although there is some way to go on this
for open source software writers in various locations to rapidly create new and better versions of their work collaboratively.
websites and software solutions. As a project is developed Github stores and manages revisions to projects.
platform for free as a place to build open-source software, or if they opt not to host their code in this way†favouring instead more proprietary
developed for software code, any types of files can be part of a Github repository, and any text-based files (including plain text, Markdown
system of record for software, it is natural that the rest of the software development ecosystem (bug trackers, project management, continu
better quality software Github has remodelled how programmers engage with Source code Management (SCM) †a fundamental tool for programmers, that
software code, this same logic can be applied to any types of files that make up the Github repository,
what was closed in the past a, asocial aspect of software coding. By mak -ing its coding repository far more transparent, potential contributors are
usable software before they too can get involved, etc What were the main barriers to innovate?
software program has specified a set of behavior), but senior develop -ers often assume the opposite.
hard and software standards developed by and for the open source community, such as creative commons to set the standard for how cam
open hard and software solutions to develop their products. The Nodo MÃ vil project campaign is built,
Short description Liquid feedback is free open source software which enables platforms for bottom-up political opinion formation and decision making
Developed by the Public Software Group based in Berlin, Germany, the platform combines aspects ofâ representativeâ and direct democracy en
Type of organisation The Public Software Group who developed the Liquid Feedback software is a not-for-profit organisation based in Berlin, Germany
History and mission The Liquid Feedback software was published first in October 2009 by Public Software Group.
The software was used first by Germany†sâ Pirate Party that same year, and has, amongst others,
since also been used by the Five Star Movementâ in Italy. However the developers are fully inde
-pendent from the users of the software. The Liquid Feedback software is published under an open MIT license
and free for anyone or any organi -sation to download and use 130 At the core of Liquid Feedback sit an ambition to create a platform that
The basic activity of Public Software is to make the Liquid Feedback soft -ware freely available to organisations interested in using the platform
it affects the software, which adds a reason to enhance and improve the overall performance of the software to take advantage of the new
feature Low cost access open hardware gives grassroots audience the ability to turn their ideas into products or services,
Providing consultancy, bespoke software development and software products to organisations keen to meet the expectations of digital na
Developing free and open source software for individuals and organisa -tions around the world who want to build copies of the sites mysociety
Some of the most prominent websites and software solutions developed by mysociety are listed below Fixmystreet-Fixmystreet Platform is built open-source software to
help people run websites for reporting common street problems, like potholes and broken street lights. It has been used in many countries
The software created for this purpose is called Pombola. It†s free, open source and available for use anywhere in the world.
-tal NGO is that presently software development is globally a relatively lucrative profession. This means that for organisations like mysociety, it
solicit commercial requests to do software development or consulting In order to keep this activity within the bounds of UK charities law
software company that can solve problems that more traditional web companies can†t. †mysociety Ltd.
-puter software technique of extracting information from websites. The site also has a Google Refine reconciliation function that matches legal
Web and Software Development: Through developing software OKF are trying to create tools that support a global open knowledge and open
data community One of the most prominent of these is the Comprehensive Knowledge Archive Network (CKAN), one of the world†s leading free open source
In addition to building software tools for open data the OKFN also seeks to build the open data skills
The open source software is used by more than 70 organisations from Berlin to Nigeria globally to release their data in to
Through creating software that can be used to enhance the use of open knowledge, it supports organisations on furthering their work on, for
mostly web and software development related. Naturally most of its projects rely heavily on open data, open data and open source standards
had the effect of reducing the pipeline of potential computer program -mers 186 â€oethe Maker Movement is,
software programmes), meaning that from the point of startup users are encouraged to begin tinkering
-tion of young people to become more engaged with computer program -ming (and Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics education
network was the lack of good and open hard and software solutions for citizens to contribute to the mapping of radiation levels in Japan follow
open source community is providing the hard and software behind Safecast, the engine behind the success of the project is the large group
and developing open hardware and software Safecast describes itself as not being anti nuclear, or pro nuclear †but
on and with several open source hard and software solutions. Open hardware such as Arduino forms part of the actual build of the Geiger
relies on a range of open hard and software tools Open Hardware: The Smart Citizen Kit itself is built on the Arduino open
The software †the Tor browser bundle †can be downloaded and used to take advantage of that technol
It also enables software developers to create new communication tools with built-in privacy fea -tures.
The Tor software itself is open source and free for anyone to download and use Enhancing collaboration and
and open source software for the collection, visualisation and interactive mapping of information. Some of its product offerings such as Crowdm
work to software development. It has built also a strong team of volun -teer developers primarily in Africa,
software that can be used to distribute and collect information via text messages The case of the Ushahidi Project Haiti offers an interesting illustration of
Short description The Citizen Science Alliance is a collaboration of scientists, software developers and educators, who collectively develop,
The CSA is a collaboration of scientists, software developers and educators primarily coming from universities and public
led them to design our software in a particular wayâ€) †the decision to move to an entirely open source paradigm was made
The Eup Eco-profiler is a cost-free Life-cycle Assessment software tool for Energy-using products and processes for SMES in this sector
Chain Methodologyâ software makes it possible to maximise in real-time the total community gains in
ICT is defined as IT hardware, software and services, and telecommunications equipment and services Part I of the report assesses the economic impact of
Software Communication equipment IT equipment  The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 13 Reaping the benefits of ICT
manufacture large quantities of ICT hardware and software Total factor productivity (TFP) growth, an important
broadband adoption and home of some of its software giants†currently ranks in the middle of EU countries
The importance of software in the ICT mix In the US, software has attracted the largest share of
ICT investment since the technology boom began in the early 1990s. By 2000, it accounted for about 14%of
Software nonetheless accounted for one -third or more of ICT investment in the UK, France and
Software investment tends to lag purchases of hardware. This may explain the more rapid growth of
software investment relative to total investment in the US, where firms made an early start in deploying IT and
software vendors can probably look to good times ahead in their European markets. Software markets in western
Europe proved relatively resilient during the technology slump of 2000-02, continuing to expand at moderate
software market will expand at a respectable 6. 6 %compound annual growth rate over the 2003-07 period to
graduates trained in software programming, network design and other technical aptitudes, and these are well represented in IT departments throughout
not enough to deploy new enterprise software or a What proportion of your ICT projects meet their business objectives
industry groups, entrepreneurs and software developers around the ability to patent software Many large ICT companies (including Microsoft, the
sponsor of this report) favour the extension of patents to cover software as a way to strengthen IP
protection across Europe and thereby create greater incentive for innovation. For their part, independent software developers view software patents as a
weakening of copyright protection, and thus no less of a threat to innovative activity in this field.
patents to software  The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 23 Reaping the benefits of ICT
Telecoms, software and computer services 14 Professional services 12 Construction and real estate 8 Healthcare, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology 8
infrastructure, hardware platform, base software platform), ICT shared services (as communications services), ICT applications (as WEB services), the human operators and the
newly emerging industries like biotechnology and computer software (Audretsch, 1995. One answer is that knowledge inputs come from third-party firms
-ups are in information technologies--software, Internet, and telecommunication software. Because these firms are focused more on providing a service and face much shorter development times, these companies
do not follow a clear technological innovation trajectory and are thus not easy to evaluate by public
development of new software, enhanced user friendliness, and other aspects (OECD, 2005). We define product innovation in terms of changes in materials, features, and design;
and software firms in southeast England. Research Policy, 31 (7), 1053-1067 Romijn, H, . & Albu, M. 2002).
business management software (to 28%)and web and email (to 19 %Training of RETA agents:
At Sybase, an enterprise software company that spun-off from the original WATCOM Corporation, with over 250 employees in its Waterloo
an empirical analysis in Turkish software industry International Journal of Innovation Management, 12,69-111 Aldrich, H. and Zimmer, C. 1986.
Charles Nicholson, Ultimate Software (U s.;and Klas Bendrik, Volvo Cars (Sweden •Other Gartner colleagues:
Turbocharging the CIO With Software Tools 2013 No. 4 The Psychology of Serial Innovation 2013 No. 3
INFA) is the world†s number one independent provider of data integration software. Organizations around the world rely on Informatica to realize their information potential and drive top business imperatives.
hardware and software), Consumer Electronics (such as TVS audio home systems and Blu-ray players) and Major Domestic
Advanced Software Technology & Mechatronics Research Institute of Kyoto. Next to the academic knowledge institutes,
comparison, the closely related sector of IT and software employs 14,000 people with 2, 200
specialised in telecommunications equipment, microelectronics, photonics and software Wolfe, 2002. Consequently, the Ottawa cluster will be focused upon in this analysis
telecommunications equipment, software, and emerging photonics sector Capabilities Compared to other global microelectronics clusters the Ottawa cluster shows a strong
telecommunications equipment, software etc R&d tax credits important role in cluster strategy Regeneration of cluster activity ongoing
emanating into service sectors such as health, software, architecture and construction telecommunication and engineering services. Advanced materials contribute to more efficient
such as health, software, architecture and construction, telecommunication and engineering services, contributing to both product and process innovation.
22 BMW DE vehicles 121 22 Microsoft US software 60 23 Alstom FR electronics 121 23 Motorola US electronics 59
but also including software) with the specific needs of users in specific industry. Developing AMT thus means to have a deep
software  firms  are  geekier  and  more  likely  to
A typical example of using social resources to innovate is the popular phenomenon of open source software 71
An illustrative case of online social networks is the trend towards open source software 71. An oft-given example is the Linux
pool software R&d and generate shared technology. Instead of the traditional extrinsic motivations, external innovators have
Social online networks, such as open source software communities, offer valuable beneï ts for society by encouraging community members to share their knowledge
and specialisation in open source software innovation: a case study, Res. Policy 32 (7)( 2003 1217†1241
71 E. von Hippel, G. von Krogh, Open source software and the †private-collective†innovation model:
software company and, if we can do that, then we will be a much more exciting proposition for talented
software, hardware IT services and e-commerce Telecommunications Banking Media and entertainment Other Pharmaceutical and biotechnology
At the global software company SAP, for example, Americas CIO Michael Golz is clear on how digital has transformed the inner
engineering and in software, along with an MBA. In the telecommunications sector, one in five of these leading
Group Software Services Nedbank 2007 Advanced Management Programme, Harvard Business school 2005 †2007 Divisional Director
Director of Software Development Department Rambler Internet Holding 2000 †2006 Developer, Senior Developer, Head of
technology (including hardware, software and other IT services), financial services, life sciences telecommunications, online and e-commerce In addition to this survey, EY conducted an analysis of the
%Software, hardware and computer services Banking and ï nancial services 19 %8 %Chemical, bio-and medical technology
applications and software; green financial services; green tourism; green agri-food and green transport Green enterprise has a pervasive impact on a variety of other sectors enabling innovation
-sectors†include green ICT applications and software; green financial services; green tourism and green transport The increase in the number of international agreements in the area of energy and climate
waste management, recovery and recycling, green ICT applications and software and environmental consultancy. Cross sectoral opportunity areas include;
and competency in software development has seen also a growth in a variety of sub-supply and services activities serving the Lifesciences sector e g
Dataworks (Waterford based Irish software company providing manufacturing control systems), and Eirgen (Waterford based Irish pharmaceuticals company specialising in
35 ICT Software & Services are considered separately below SOUTH EAST EMPLOYMENT ACTION PLAN †FORFà S
ICT †Services & Software What has been termed †The New Software Economy†36 sees a number of trends that provide
both opportunities and challenges for software companies, and for small and medium sized companies and start-ups in particular
 Increasing end-user demand for less expensive, more efficient ways of paying for software  Vendors responding to these demands by embracing new delivery and pricing models
such as software as a service (Saas), infrastructure as a service (Iaas), platform as a service (Paas; and software on demand  The emergence of the networked value chain, a distributed business model where
different value adding activities are carried out where they can be done most efficiently and cost-effectively
36 Enterprise Ireland (2009) Best Connected-Software from Ireland-A strategy for development of the
indigenous software industry 2009-2013 42  The application of software technologies (such as Services Oriented Architecture †SOA
Open source, Web 2. 0 and Mash-ups) are continuing to drive the development of new
The dominant activity in the South East region within the ICT sector is software development
However, with the exception of the Sun Life Financial software development centre based in Waterford, activity is limited and small in scale.
programmes in software development. In IT Carlow, undergraduate courses are focused on software development, games development and IT systems management.
Its applications software and networks research programme (Gamecore) is focused on industry relevant research under a number of themes, such as networks, games engines and development, and
serious games for strategy, sports and health WIT also delivers strong undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in software
development. Based on its excellent track record in telecommunications software and systems research, through the TSSG Group, it is the first of the Iots in Ireland to lead an SFI
funded Strategic Research Cluster (FAME †Federated Autonomic Management of End-to-end Communications Services. The TSSG€ s main area of research is communications software
services and it has developed strong expertise in the areas of distributed systems and service oriented architecture
activities associated with the †new software economy†and include: Nubiq †mobile website generation and personalisation;
software development and are developing strong relationships with industry within the region in terms of undergraduate and postgraduate course development.
HP manufacturing and software development) †and/or are using Ireland as a base to address
and this is likely to increase with the advent of Cloud, Saas (software as a service) and Iaas (infrastructure as a service
Based at the WIT, the centre for Telecommunications Software and Systems Group (TSSG) is a
dramatic changes occurring in the telecommunications software industry, and on the wider converged communications industry, particularly in managing networks and in developing
entrepreneurs and software HPSUS who wish to locate in the South East. Today there are over
applications software and networks (Gamecore), geo-environmental technologies (Geocore and software development (the IT has collaborated with Unum in relation to the development
of a software development centre at the institute and Unum will offer internships in Ireland
and the US for students pursuing the four year BSC (Hons) in Software Development at IT
Carlow EI has provided â 1. 42 million for the establishment of a campus incubation centre in Carlow
Mycroft Waterford Financial services/Software. Newly established Irish base Foreign Citi Hedge fund Services Waterford Hedge fund administration services Foreign
Sunlife Information Services Waterford Software development, business administration and technical helpdesk services for Sun Life†s North american divisions Foreign
Technologies and Software. Other regions have potential to develop niche sectors, such as Creative Industries in the West.
software) base and a growing creative sector and activities (including digital media This'combination'of sectors provides an excellent base for development within the
developing expertise in telecommunications and software development, and has a good base of medical devices companies
Environmental products and Services, Software and other Services, Food and Tourism Key Data and Statistics †Midwest
†Services & Software 16ï 18ï Realising Future Potential: Enhancing the Business Environment 21ï and Strategic Capacity 21ï
for example, biology, chemistry, engineering, electronics, logistics and software; and cross sectoral strategic collaborations and networking (regionally, nationally & internationally
software development provide a strong platform for future growth in emerging convergent sectors 9`A workshop for key economic stakeholders was held in Kilkenny on 9th june 2009
16 ICT Software & Services are considered separately below 17 Forfã¡s (2008) Catching the Wave †A Services Strategy for Ireland
ICT †Services & Software A new environment has emerged for software companies globally in what has been called
†The New Software Economy†19. This new context sees a number of trends that provide both
opportunities and challenges for software companies, and for small and medium sized companies and start-ups in particular.
These trends include 18 Expert Group on Future Skills Needs (December 2007) The Future Skills and Research Needs of the
19 Enterprise Ireland (2009) Best Connected-Software from Ireland-A strategy for development of the
indigenous software industry 2009-2013 FORFÃ S REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AGENDA: REALISING POTENTIAL: SOUTHEAST 17 ï¿
software ï¿Vendors responding to these demands by embracing new delivery and pricing models such as software as a service (Saas), infrastructure as a service (Iaas), platform as a
and software on demand ï¿The emergence of the networked value chain, a distributed business model where
The application of software technologies (such as Services Oriented Architecture †SOA Open source, Web 2. 0 and Mash-ups) are continuing to drive the development of new
The dominant activity in the region within the ICT sector is software development. However with the exception of the Sun Life Financial software development centre based in Waterford
activity is limited and small in scale. Nonetheless the region has important assets that have the
programmes in software development. In IT Carlow undergraduate courses are focused on software development, games development and IT systems
management. Its applications software and networks research programme (Gamecore) is one of four Centres of Research and Enterprise (CORE
within the Institute. Gamecore is focused on industry relevant research under a number of themes, such as networks, games engines and
The software development capabilities at IT Carlow were a key attractor in the recent investment by Unum, a US
established a software development centre in Carlow. The company is developing a strong relationship with
Software Development unit at the Institute, and will also offer internships within its company in
pursuing the BSC (Hons) in Software Development at the Institute FORFÃ S REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AGENDA:
WIT also delivers strong undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in software development. Based on its excellent track record in telecommunications software and
systems research, through the TSSG Group, it is the first of the Iots in Ireland to lead an SFI
The TSSG€ s main area of research is communications software services and it has developed strong expertise in the areas of distributed systems and service
companies typify the kind of activities associated with the †new software economy†and include: Nubiq †mobile website generation and personalisation;
software development and are developing strong relationships with industry within the region in terms of undergraduate and postgraduate course development.
and competency in software development has seen also a growth in a variety of sub-supply and services activities serving the life sciences sector e g
Dataworks (Waterford based Irish software company providing manufacturing control systems), and Eirgen (Waterford based Irish pharmaceuticals company specialising in
Unum Software 200 Coca cola Beverages 100 FORFÃ S REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AGENDA: REALISING POTENTIAL: SOUTHEAST 39
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