and digital engagement of users provided by procured services 3. Increase the potential value of DSI (for instance, making available dis
†a type of social and collaborative innovation in which innovators, users and communities collaborate using digital technologies to co-create knowledge and
critical mass of users grows larger than its costs), as the Internet is increasingly the
users when more users are added) 1 ap -plies to the value of technical networks like widespread smartphone usage
and sites that require large user-bases like Wikipedia or Airbnb, but it may not apply
is convenient for users but also â€oelocks us -ers in†at the expense of security, privacy
is a danger that once users are locked †in†to various monopolies, the level of in
Furthermore, most users have accepted giving away their personal data in exchange for â€oefree†services. Yet this
user-driven innovations, particularly ones that don†t involve monetary payment. This currently seems the most probable scenario,
and Offenerhaushalt in a way that allows users to explore and drill down through the various layers of Germany†s federal budget
It is a free petition tool with more than 70 million users around the world. Its mission is to empower people everywhere to create the change
which amongst others enabled users to mount the counter on the outside of a car and use GPS technology to timestamp the data and log the location.
-tions and users. The testbed is a resource for the research community to address the limits
of the information or the location of the user, is one example of open networks enabling citizens to protect their digital rights
The Tor network†s 4000-plus volunteer-led model relays over half a million daily users
-sor which can be programmed with open-source software tools by the user. The idea is that anyone should be able to turn
-wards a more user-centred approach to poliy-making that is participative in the generation of potential ideas.
-ver, number of users, size of organisation employees etc What they were trying to achieve with their
-ibility for re-users and reduces the complications associated with handling numerous licences, with possibly conflicting provisions (Keller 2014.
results show conflicting positions between citizens and institutional users on one side and corporate rights holders on the
OPEN PLATFORMS Users of the Internet ecosystem include the independent application and service provid -ers who have the right to use the future Internet infrastructure (including both data in
User data and metadata should be represented in open formats such as XML52 and RDF53 (which includes Linked Data54 and SPARQL end-points55.
competition and guarantees that users may freely choose between services online. The European parliament adopted amend
in order to give users control over their social data and sensitive information, to make it easier for businesses to
User data is moving more and more into the †Cloud†and people are getting their music
user, is mined continuously and analysed with the main objective of maximising value extraction (e g. for marketing, economic competition and surveillance
A Magna carta for all Web users could be directly crowd-sourced from the Web itself
Maker spaces (such as Fablabs), real-life testing and experimentation environments where users and producers can co
and promote their role in bringing users, developers, and entrepreneurs together to create new digital products, new public services or learning programmes
user and financial value generated by digital social innovation organisations and their projects The Triple Helix outlines how social tech ventures,
and investors, should focus on three types of value †Social Value, User Value and Financial Value †when developing and scaling their project (s) 76
demonstrate value to users i e it is a product or service that people want to pick up
•Qualitative interviews with key users of the product or service to test need and demand for the approach including the specific user problems the
product or service would solve •Observing potential users to see if the product works in their context
•Quantitative responses to the idea, for example survey potential users to test whether needs established within qualitative interviews apply to a larger user
group •Online responses to the proposed service from potential users, using analytics software to test demand
Fi na n -ci al V al ue There has to be a market for
the venture to be sustainable and the venture has to be active in it. The generation
realising user or social value •Establishing an agency or provider who has the responsibility or interest in
tools digital social innovations can apply to capture the impact of their work, from user
and digital engagement of users provided by procured services CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS WHAT SHOULD POLICYMAKERS DO
teacher is a competent and avid user of personal mobile devices, he or she may feel ill-prepared to use
confident users of mobile technologies The individual projects covered a range of subject†such as physical education, adult education, literacy
Designing for user experiences. San francisco: Dux Zuber-Skerritt, O. 1993. Improving learning and teaching through action learning and action research
current needs of the fee-paying customers and internal system users, despite the hardware being supported by the supplier on a'best endeavours'basis. 2
users of digital services have become accustomed. Additionally, the improvement of public services through their redesign can take longer
and release cycles on dedicated development and user acceptance testing environments, for both the CIP and legacy systems
fee-paying customers and internal system users. Service definitions and service level agreements between the Authority and the Channel Islands and the Isle of man were
4. 17 Internal system users are satisfied generally with the functionality and performance of the ICT systems but during our visit staff were experiencing delays in
4. 21 A good level of support is provided to the staff users with a change-controlled
ï Semi structured interviews with corporate service leaders, senior technical staff, system users drawn from staff and representatives from the suppliers
and business users have trust in the information Risk management Risk management processes ensure that the business risk
Change management An agreed multi-user forum exists for engaging in high -level strategy, performance management and service evolution discussions
and act as a model user and standard-setter for ICT adoption by small firms. As model users of broadband, government can demonstrate the potential of
broadband-based services and content, provide demonstration and â€oepull-through†mechanism for small firms. Government demand aggregation to provide services can help spread new services more widely
In developing countries, governments could pay particular attentions to multi-user solutions to provide access to network infrastructure,
Regulatory frameworks that balance the interests of suppliers and users are needed to protect and manage intellectual property and digital rights without disadvantaging innovative
1997, advanced technology users grew more in terms of both productivity and profitability than non-ICT users, especially when they used communication technologies, including company-wide and/or
inter-company computer networks Recent OECD analysis shows the impacts of ICTS and e-business strategies on firm performance
Box 2. Multi-users benefits in low-income areas: the E-Choupal experience in India
by the beginning of 2001 and has increased the amount of time users spend on line. A leading ISP in the
Internet use with almost double the users (almost 8) per 100 inhabitants in 2002, even if China has
Some are sophisticated as users of the Internet and e-business as larger firms, while others make no use at all.
are potential or low-level users that could further benefit from more extensive use Third, most e-commerce takes place between businesses.
developing countries, multi-user services can be a very important tool for increasing coverage and use of
Prize and award programmes may give high visibility and publicity to the best users but may
Service users can contact the trained staff in local Learndirect centre for consultation United states Business
users who bought online in a given period of time. Additional data are necessary to measure the progress of online services in the European economy.
o Because of the arrangement of the website the average user cannot tell at first sight that the videos were uploaded by the user and not by Youtube
o The homepage of Youtube suggests that Youtube exercises editorial control as it suggests certain videos
activities to providing server space for users to independently upload and organise content The case law on online selling platforms is fragmented also
messages that users post on the site. The fact that ebay has designed the architecture and structure of its site and that it has developed systems for organising and ranking
•Usenet (a system in which users post messages to a newsgroup) was considered a caching provider by the German Regional Court of Munich96
provided by users, could benefit from a liability exemption for hosting. The fact that the site allowed the classification
users did not imply an editing activity. Moreover, the hosting provider status was seen to follow from the fact that the site did not offer a possibility to check the information
on certain websites referred to in users'posts National jurisprudence on file sharing services also diverges.
'informal'notice from a user, such as a red flag under a video, to a court order
voluntarily implemented a flagging system (that enables users to put red flags next to content
marketeers to deliver their online advertisements to the users who are most likely to be interested.
example, a user may often visit sport sites and thus be categorised in the"sports fan"segment.
This user would then be shown advertisements that are relevant to the interests of a sports fan
provide users with clear, easily understandable and affordable privacy notices in line with the requirements of the Data protection Directive.
or retrieved from users'terminal equipment, including computers, smartphones or other devices connected to the internet
Users should be able to know and control who is using their information, and how the
Users must give their prior consent before communications for the purposes of direct marketing may be addressed to them.
applies only to users who are natural persons The 2009 amendments of the eprivacy Directive strengthen
stored in a file on the user's hard disc. They are designed to facilitate a browser-server
beneficial for both users and online service providers. Based on a survey carried out in 2010 by ENISA, almost 80%of online service providers interviewed are collecting data from
build up user profiles which is sold not only to third parties and applied for behavioural advertising but could also be used for other kinds of (commercial and noncommercial
applications, often without users being aware of it How the data are collected and used raises questions about the compatibility of this practice
or user is allowed only on condition that the subscriber or user concerned has given his or her consent, having been provided
with clear and comprehensive information, in accordance with Directive 95/46/EC, inter alia about the purposes of the processing"(bold added
enabling a freely given specific and informed indication of the user's wishes, including by
•The user concerned must be informed163, i e. the user must have information about the
purpose of the intended operation (s) when deciding on whether or not to consent to
be allowed for legitimate purposes, with the knowledge of the user concerned "In order to fulfil the condition of specific consent,
of operations about which the user has been informed at the time of giving consent Any changes in the purpose for which consent was given that occur afterwards cannot
and accessing data on a user's terminal equipment are part of processing for the same purpose,
individual operation involving gaining access to or storing of information on a user's terminal, if the initial information and consent covered such further use.
offered once for the use of various devices to be installed on the user's terminal
i e. the user must have an actual choice. This also implies that a user, having freely given his
or her consent, can also revoke it at any time. Recital 25 however clarifies that freely-given consent implies that a user may not
be able to be provided with a specific service if he or she does not consent to the
requested by the subscriber or user to provide the service"."As it is an exception to the
of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user
accordance with the relevant provisions of Directive 95/46/EC, the user's consent to processing may be expressed by using the appropriate settings of a browser or other
respecting the particular needs and vulnerabilities of young users. 168 166 Only AT, DK, EE,
data protection legal requirements and to provide transparency to users, and it will present new initiatives in the area of behavioural advertising in the first quarter of 2012.
i e. users should be provided with a clear notice of any targeting activity that is taking place
i e. an appropriate form of affirmation on the part of the user that he or she
advertisement, coupled with a website providing the user with information about how to switch off behaviourally targeted display ads from the company that the user signed up to.
The principles oblige the participating companies to provide clear and unambiguous notice to users that it collects data for the
purposes of online behavioural advertising. They also contain commitments on user education and the creation of complaints mechanisms
169 See in particular http://europa. eu/rapid/pressreleasesaction. do? reference=SPEECH/10/452 170 Recommendation CM/Rec (2010) 13 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on the protection of
Internet guarantees anonymity to users, allowing people to access advice or medicines that they may otherwise be reluctant to approach their pharmacists for in front of other customers
which should summarize existing digital user rights in the EU in a clear and accessible way
way to inspire trust and confidence among users of e-communications and online services The Code will build on the prototype of the eyou Guide, the online information tool for
and IP routing guarantee a minimum quality to end-users for services that require a differentiated network speed (such as videoconferencing),
users and collecting societies. Second, the creation of a clear and well-functioning legal framework for the multi-territorial licensing of musical works for online services
payment information was mentioned recurrently by payment users in the consultation, again often in the context of potential fraud. 242
European associations representing e-invoicing users, including consumers. A first meeting took place in September 2011.
ensure a high quality of (basic) parcel service as well as a high level of postal users 'protection. With regard to these regulatory measures, a distinction needs to be made between
Postal users'protection measures Article 19 of the Postal services Directive obliges Member States to ensure the existence of
complaint procedures for all postal users, particularly in cases of loss, damage, theft or non
Additionally, where users'complaints to businesses providing postal services within the scope of the universal service have not been resolved satisfactorily,
postal users may bring these cases before the competent national authority (Article 19 (2)).While this provision is
therefore to ensure a high level of user protection, and to develop and facilitate the use of independent out-of-court schemes for the resolution of
disputes between postal services providers and users while taking into account the cross -border dimension. 264
which allow users to collect their parcels even after the local post office has closed or outside working hours.
imperative that Article 19 of the Postal services Directive and the user's possibility to complain to the postal service provider is implemented efficiently and that adequate
Parliament on 9 september 2010268, Commission services has organized the first Postal Users Forum for 12 december 2011.269 The forum encouraged users to reflect on their experience
with postal delivery services and identify possible shortcomings that would call for further initiatives In 2012, Commission services will prepare a report on the application of the USO derogations
•organize annually a Postal Users Forum (first Forum took place on 12 december 2011 •publish a sectoral study regarding the cross-border provision of parcel delivery
remedies that e-commerce users could resort to if necessary. As a result of specific problems in electronic commerce and the absence of knowledge of relevant remedies, the parties may
Disputes and can be used be used both by individual consumers/users and by enterprises http://www. risolvionline. com
transactions has offered not always a satisfactory solution for e-commerce users. Moreover online legal services are underdeveloped and in many cases nonexistent
Responses to the consultation indicated that e-commerce users have different views on collective redress. While some are in favour of collective redress for the resolution of disputes
Postal users'protection measures 4. 6. 4 Market trends and enhanced application of the EU postal legislation
research centres, competitors, groups of product users (Duarte and Sarkar, 2011), development partners, both public
2002) Performance assessment of the lead user idea-generation process for New Product Development, Management Science, 48 (8), pp. 1042-1060
An Experiential Design Process and Holistic Model of User Experience for Supporting User Co-creation...
users, across the whole innovation ecosystems Important is not only the quadruple helix innov -ation but also the active search of entirely new
Real world settings, user experience and clear process to embed the feedback in the design process are shown in several practical cases, in
user-centric †thingsâ€. The article discusses also the new business model opportunities in light of a case
new to a user, organisation, focus area, or society Indeed, many successful innovations are adap -tions of existing ideas, products or services which
-ation is the fusion of a user need and a technologic -al opportunity. Ultimately there is only successful
innovation when a user, organisation and society perceives and receives value. †OI2 promotes the
role of the user to be an active participant in the innovative process from the very beginning and to
-tem orchestration, user experience innovation, and brand innovation User-driven innovation is a crucial part of the OI2
paradigm and is also a key lever for adoption because users co-create solutions that meet their
needs. Jean Claude Burgelman from European Commission correctly identified that the user has moved from being an object of research in the
innovation process, to being a contributor, and on to being a co-creator of the innovative outcome
is done for a user, the user co-participates in the innovation process as well as profiting from its out
-come. Apple†s App store is a great contemporary example of reverse innovation But also companies like Lego are adopting this
user), where the innovation trials and scale up can happen more successfully due to strong engage -ment of the citizens in the regions.
users of the ideation and innovation processes. In this case, users are academics, industrialists, mem
-bers of government, and the citizens themselves In parallel, the importance of high-expectation entrepreneurs (HEES) is ever increasing.
incorporate the users as co-creators of the solution and not only being active in the piloting and valid
Having the user-driven experimenta -tion approach we ensure higher success rate but also the possibility to focus the development work
-ing more user-centric Competitions have been proven to be success -ful mobilising very large communities to solve the
including citizens, users, or customers, in the development of innovative solu -tions. An engagement platform provides the necessary environment,
User Involvement, User Centricity, User Experience The role of the user has changed from being a research object,
to being a research contributor, and on to being a co -innovator. The locus of innovation has shifted from guessing about product
and service features users may want to user experience design to guarantee that features are desirable
#6: Openness to Innovation Society's posture is attuned toward embracing innovation. At the heart of this openness is a culture that embraces the
Beyond designing for user experience, OI2 defines innovation as co-creation of services and solutions which add value
orchestration, user experience innovation and brand innovation. Keeley et al. 2013 #14: Innovation Approaches Using Exponential Technologies
In OI2 we focus on designing for network effects where new users, players or transactions reinforce existing activities
Network effects accelerate growth in the number of users and in value creation. Networking is a socioeconomic process
users †be it the user industries or citizens By actively involving the user communities in the
innovation process as active subjects, not objects we can create solutions for new markets and elabor
and in which from the very beginning the user (s communities co-create the new products and ser
users get products and services they need, and the suppliers get scalable products and services.
-ing the users on board and integrating them into the innovation process from the very beginning will
An Experiential Design Process and Holistic Model of User Experience for Supporting User Coâ creation
Abstract This article introduces an experiential Design XD) process and a holistic model of User experi
-ence (UX) that were created recently within an EU research project named ELLIOT (Experiential Liv -ing Labs for the Internet of things.
Results show that while users mostly per -ceive the different facets of UX independently, their
value co-creation with users appear to be key fac -tors in reaching a higher rate of adoption of innov a
marily because of the lack of endâ user adoption; and often innovation developers don†t have specific knowâ
users, except in some cases as observed subjects and simply ignores users†potential contribution in
towards co-creating value with users in order to ensure a higher rate of product/service adoption
This kind of user co-creation approach was recently introduced by Curley and Salmelin (6) as a crucial
is also a key lever for adoption because users coâ create solutions that meet their needs. â€
including users to be engaged along the design process for co-cre -ating, exploring, experimenting and evaluating prod
expected by users (e g. reliability, affordability, social interaction, empathy, fun) and supporting features that would convince a large community of users to
adopt an innovative IOT-based product/service The XD process requires focusing on designing for
community of users. This implies also to better understand the nature of repetitive or unique UX
Designing User Experience within Living Labs William Mitchell, Professor at the Medialab and School of architecture and City planning at MIT
argued that a Living Labs (LL) represents a user -centric research methodology for sensing, proto
as the integration of the users into the development process for ensuring highly reliable market evalu
especially users and also policy-makers, at the earl -ier stage of R & D. A LL is defined often as a user
-centred open innovation ecosystem integrating research and innovation within a Public-Private -People partnership through an iterative design
-ing and experimenting with users a product/ser -vice with the capacity to capture previous design
ENOLL Livings Labs (10) reveals that User Co-cre -ation and User Experience constitute the top two LL
practices for engaging users in the R & D process A Holistic View of User Experience
There is a considerable amount of publications dedi -cated to UX. There are many definitions of UX that
were discussed previously (8, 11) including the stand -ardised one from ISO 9241-210: †User Experience
is a person†s perceptions and responses that result from the use or anticipated use of a product, sysâ
/service, user profile and the context of use are fac -tors that influence user experience A literature review
and study on UX types, con -cepts, elements and their properties was carried out in order to create a holistic model (8). One of
-ating the overall level of user satisfaction. However 27 properties were explored within the six experi
progressively evolved into engaging user commu -nities in experience based design for co-creating value, exploring alternative scenarios,
design cycle until the highest level of user satisfac -tion is attained for inducing an appropriate rate of
-munity of users Figure 2: A Holistic View of User Experience 25 The main goal of the LL iterative XD process (see
Figure 3) consists in supporting the co-creation of value with users in order to result in the most
appropriate UX while sharing knowledge and crys -tallising the collective work of the LL stakehold
scenarios and artefacts are driven by users within a real life context through social, economical, edu -cational, technological and societal perspectives
Users can easily contribute to the co-creation of innovative scenarios and services including the
However, recruited users should fit with the usage context. For example, the Iot based Green Services
users, such as: sport practitioners (e g. joggers asthmatic or allergenic people The Experiential Design Process According to Pallot and colleagues (16), the XD pro
-holders and especially users; explore alternative scen -arios in setting the scene through the use of differ
degree of adoption by user communities All these above described activities form an iter -ation cycle while feeding
user-centric process composed of research meth -odologies for sensing, prototyping, validating and refining complex solutions in multiple and evolv
to consider simultaneously the context, users, the existing and emerging technologies (e g. sensors actuators) for co-creating
-natives that allow experimenting them with users in real life situations. †Validating†is the outcome of
the proper level of user adoption The main goal of the iterative XD process is to sup
-ute to the increase of user adoption of innovative products/services. XD is the practice of designing
users. While a product/service influences UX through its form-features-aesthetic and usefulness as
well as usability, users often react on the basis of prior experiences and perceive this product/service
Users may also empathise with the people supporting the product/service and with other users when they get a chance to interact together
Considering the UX life cycle (17), on the one hand the focus Is anticipated on †UX€ with a group of
people (e g. lead users) imagining specific interac -tions with simulated artefacts. On the other hand the focus is rather on cumulative experience formed
with users and service providers to understand what value the service can bring, what problems the ser
for engaging all stakeholders, especially users, in the environment of augmented creativity. There is a strong analogy with †scenario thinking†(19) or †scen
users involved in the game The Tourism Service Scenario aims to promote physical activity as a well-being tool for health
help user to become more aware regarding nutritional behaviours (i e. showing nutrient data and healthy diets;
been attended by various types of users, such as patients, occasional visitors, returning visitors, clin -icians, employees and others.
Users are involved in an indirect way here: UX model analyses have been carried out based on data acquired from vending
users, a platform called Mygreenservices has been co-designed with respect of data privacy, offering various green services such as the visualization of
to describe the user experience cover mainly: know -ledge elements for the experiential learning aspects
After the two experiments, 66%of users declared a change of perception in the awareness against
air quality and 44%of users declared a modifica -tion in their activities during the experiment.
-design and user experience monitoring for finding a proper balance between the work environment settings, individual comfort of office employees
to evaluate the user experience corresponding to the value to be validated (see Figure 11 The selection of experience types depends on the
values to be created co with users and that could be evaluated through the measurement of the UX
momentary, episodic and cumulative user experi -ence (17. The more UX properties selected, the more
B6. 1 User ideas 1 1 2 B7. 1 Data protection 1 1 2 TOTAL 12 8 11 7 9 18 65
value for users when software applications bring new knowledge to people. There could be other dimensions like a †societal†dimension inn order to
-ment of users for co-creating value, and on the other hand, the UX evaluation and monitoring of the bal
successfully increased the user acceptance/adoption rate 34 O P E N I N N O V A t I O N y E A r B o O k 2 0 1 4
user experience they would like to design in their Iot related product/service. Bottom-up because the
user acceptance and consequently the potential user adoption of the innovative IOT-based services It also worth taking into account that considering
way to drive user co-creation and the impact of dif -ferent experience types, elements and properties on
the user acceptance and potential adoption From an industrial perspective, the XD process and holistic UX model provide a reliable systematic
driving towards a higher rate of user adoption. This is especially true within innovative domains such as
A User Centred Open Innovation Ecosystemâ€. Webergence Blog Retrieved January 2011 http://www. cwe-projects. eu/pub
User Experience for Living Lab Experiential Design †Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on
†User Centred Open Innovation Domain Landscape within the European Network of Living Labsâ€. Proceedings of the
†User Experience: Buzzword or New Paradigm? †Proceedings ACHI 2012, The Fifth International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human
†User Experience Tables†Webergence Blog Retrieved December 2013 http://www cwe-projects. eu/pub/bscw. cgi/715404
Living Lab Way of User Involvement. Doctoral Thesis Department of Business Administration and Social Sciences, Lule㥠University of Technology, Luleã¥
16) Pallot, M.,Pawar, K. S.,Santoro, R. 2013) A User Experience Framework and Model within Experiential
User Experience White paper: Bringing clarity to the concept of user experience (Result from Dagstuhl Seminar on Demarcating User Experience, Sept. 15†18
2010). ) http://www. allaboutux. org/uxwhitepaper 18) Raijmakers, B.,van Dick, G.,Gough, K. 2013.
From Field Stories to Strategic Design. Touchpoint, The Journal of Service Design: Cultural Change by Service Design, 4
User-Driven Service Innovation in a Smarter City Living Lab. In Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on
and more online traffic and more customised user experiences. As noted above, there will be a huge
Square allows users in the United states and Canada to accept credit cards through their iphone and Android phones, either by
While users are great lovers of integrated devices, the security issues enhance the need of combining devices to ensure fighting
Unserved user segments: Credibility will only be generated by rich understanding and connection with the client user base and consumer needs.
This has happened with Square, as a tool for taxi driv -ers and other SME€ s that could not connect to the
The user base will create more meaningful data and provide rich com -munity sharing that will only further bolster user
loyalty and trust. Financial institutions can accel -erate this growth trajectory by building strategic partnerships with accessory and device companies
Open Innovation 2. 0 with a focus of user/consumer needs References 1) Mobile World Congress February 2014 â€
interaction with users, acquisition of patents and licenses, etc •hybrid institutions synthesising elements of
intermediate innovation enablers to different users of innovations Quadruple Helix models place a stronger focus on
a move towards systemic and user-centric innov -ation structures. One such version of the Quad
civil society as innovation users) to a classical Triple Helix model (18), see Figure 2
This Quadruple Helix model puts innovation users at its heart, and encourages the development of innovations that are pertinent for users (civil
society). ) Users or citizens here own and drive the innovation processes. Arnkil and colleagues (2010
maintain that the degree of user involvement could be defined as inclusive of the †design by users†(19
In line with this perspective, new innovative prod -ucts, services and solutions are developed with the involvement of users in their role as lead users, co
-developers and co-creators (20 Not only citizens would be involved in the actual development work, they would also have the power
connect users with their stakeholders across indus -try, academia, or government (21. In turn, the role
skills needed by users in their innovation activities Furthermore, industrial players and public sector stakeholders would then be able to exploit the innov
This user-centred approach requires a further devel -opment of collective management and implemen -tation of the RIS3 process as critical conditions for
The User-centred QH model (adapted from Arnkil, Järvensivu et al. 2010 47 governance, the smart specialisation approach is
Such direct addition of users in the innov -ation process is a necessary organisational counter
-part of an open and user-centred innovation policy as it allows for a greater focus on understanding
user-centred innovation activities with the aim of securing better conditions to commercialise R & D
user-centred Quadruple Helix would require sub -stantial flexibility, reworked adapted processes learning/teaching new skills,
users who can also be innovation co-creators such as entrepreneurs, inventors, artists and other value
QH partners (e g. firms, universities, users), the systematic collection and utilisation of user information and the knowledge and capabil
-ity development related to QH, to promote the empowerment of citizens and to assist citizens in their innovation activities
•Marketer, e g. to raise awareness of user-ori -ented innovation models and practices among
different actors †the creators, users and appli -ers of knowledge and technology †ideally initiate
users of knowledge are connected during the whole process of knowledge creation (see Figure 6 A Mode 3 university or higher education sec
public are users and appliers of knowledge and are thought thereby to contribute with a region
-tion developers and users. For a particular appli -cation environment, e g. a smart city, application
potential users, SMES and developer communities Due to the restrictions caused by the Collabor -ation Agreement, there were no major changes to
closer to the actual user demand  Virtual companies will be considered by their own and not like a reflection of physical businesses.
furthermore allow us to build more user-centric solutions and improve access to services such as
users of applications service platforms would allow the ecosystem to evolve based on feedback from stakeholder experience domains, to minimise con
-system †the users †to the system (Figure 6 Involving the real people to the innovation process
Internet which is linked closely with user-driven innov ations and open innovation processes. The role of CIE is to build collaboration with OIA part
more than 700 users from all age groups from 18 to 85 (10 •panoulu †Network of Public Wireless internet
30 000 users/month of the hotspot network (11 •UBI hotspot †Network of interactive pub
30 000 users/month •3d Virtual Laboratory †Visualising e g. urban plans and involving users in the development
•TTKAAKKURI †Product testing platform in the real healthcare environment •Converging Networks Laboratory †Wireless
with the real users of the services; and not just for the users of the services.
In this context OULLABS has been used to test the services before actually launching them for good. The user†s involvement
open innovation and user involvement is the devel -opment of a new district, Hiukkavaara, by using
from users †be it a single user or a company con -sidering the possibilities of setting up new businesses
from users of research results what to study next Essential resource for supporting the business
real users at any phase of the innovation process Besides testing wit end-users/people, tests can be
sport and wellness users When leaving the house nowadays, you always take three things with you:
the objective that the users will be able to forget the presence of all these technological components
rifts options and choices, design of services to users partners, business plans. After first contacts with
themselves fit With growing demand from users sports and wellness products are now available in
-able services to users. By the end of the decade the worldwide mobile health market is expected to
other users as a reliable, multifunctional, easy-to -use, and minimally obtrusive technology that can
user Finally, Jean-luc Errant and myself decided to launch a company dedicated to addressing these
•good ideas targeted at specific user communi -ties, that would bring new innovative assets to
-tems they are a part of and the specific user communities that they target •continue to be part of the local/regional/Euro
-tive assets targeted at specific user communities In doing so, it will enhance the impact of the Open
-itional designers, who focus mainly on users, they need to extend their scope and research the needs
question †how might we leverage user contribution at Intuit, both to enhance existing businesses and
Users (mainly inventors submit ideas through the crowd sourced panel and the organisation selects which ideas it wants to
Buy, Quirky is able to bring their users and inventors platforms to market Together, the GE and Quirky team created a plat
-form on which the users can access GE€ s patents. In 134 O P E N I N N O V A t I O N y E A r B o O k 2 0 1 4
-ate users brainstorm and submit ideas about the main challenges. Members of the Army Cocreate
community of users, the two organisations will be able to ideate, create new products, and produce
a specific user in order to uncover a core need and an unexpected insight that will drive innovation
User+need+insight define a point of view (POV which will focus your process. You quickly ideate as
quickly with your users, meanwhile building a high class solution that incorporates your findings from each prototype.
-ing user centred-thinking and design-driven pro -cesses does not always work in radical changing
environments, because the user does not know where to go to. Experiments show what people use, but, before getting there you might want
Communities/Users/Citizens Perspective The communities/users decide the real value of the Open Innovation 2. 0. Nowadays the citizens are
more â€oeopen†in participating in decision making on their economic and social prosperity. The communi -ties are well aware of the real impact on their social
The citizen/user is now an integral part of the innov -ation process, who can make real change.
users to adopt or buy these created services. Oth -erwise, it will result waste of time and resources
The users can be both consumers and innovators/participants, given all of the supporting conditions.
user-driven innovation (1 •On May 9, 2013, Barack Obama, the president of the United states of america, in his opening
1) the communities/users,(2) the mar -ket and (3) the policy makers, should meet in order
*An Experiential Design Process and Holistic Model of User Experience for Supporting User Co-creation
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