academia to entrepreneurship; and demonstration effects which encourage entrepreneurship. A similar commitment to increased funding for SME research can be found across the OECD, at regional, national
and supranational levels of government 69. However, lead technology developers make up less than 5%of the total SME population (See
entrepreneurship Clarysse, B. and M. Uytterhaegen, 1999, â€oeinside the Black box of Innovation: Strategic Differences between SMES€, working paper University of Gent, under review at Small Business Economics
OECD, 1998, Fostering Entrepreneurship, Paris: OECD OECD, 1998, Technology, Productivity and Job creation: Best Policy Practices, Paris:
innovation, innovation, entrepreneurship, business models 5 List of abbreviations used in the thesis ANT Actor-Networks Theory
Entrepreneurship 2 (1†2), 155†177 Paper 2: Abouzeedan, A. and Busler, M. 2005. ASPEM as the new topographic
Journal of International Entrepreneurship 3 (1), 53†70 Paper 3: Abouzeedan, A. and Busler, M. 2004.
World Review of Entrepreneurship Management and Sustainable Development 2 (3), 270†280 Paper 5: Abouzeedan, A. and Busler, M. 2007.
entrepreneurship. The discussions we had during the writing of the thesis expanded my knowledge in academic disciplines and provided me with valuable tools of scientific
Entrepreneurship, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, has been very instrumental in both introducing me to the Linkã ping team and in commenting and
start by conveying warm thanks to my colleagues at Innovation and Entrepreneurship /Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, for their continuous encouragement and
Center of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Linkã ping University: Dzamila Bienkowska Charlotte Norrman, Erik Lundmark, and Peter Svensson
and Entrepreneurship for their contribution to the shaping of my science philosophy and my 10
understanding of the innovation and entrepreneurship disciplines. In particular, I wish to thank: Zoltan Acs, Roger Stough,
My friends and colleagues at the Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship at University of Gothenburg have also been very supportive.
Williams, and Sverker Alã¤nge, at Chalmers School of Entrepreneurship. There are many other colleagues and friends who have contributed in various ways,
theories of entrepreneurship is evident (Covin and Slevin 1991, Cooper 1986, Bruno and Tyebjee 1982.
This paper was published in the Journal of International Entrepreneurship 2 (1†2), 155†177 Abouzeedan, A. and Busler, M. 2004
Entrepreneurship, which took place in Montreal, Canada on September 13†16,2002. The theme of that conference was â€oeinternational Entrepreneurship:
Researching New Frontiers. †We used the comments from the conference participants to further develop the paper.
Entrepreneurship, where it was published in a final version in 2004. This journal version improved upon the original discussion surrounding performance theoretical models of SMES
This paper was published in the Journal of International Entrepreneurship 3 (1), 53†70 Abouzeedan, A. and Busler, M. 2005
was developed and published in the Journal of International Entrepreneurship in 2005 Summary of paper 2
This paper was published in the World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 2 (3), 270†280, Abouzeedan, A. and Busler, M. 2006
resulting paper was published then in the World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development journal.
firm†s innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic output. The paper is a good example of a policy-oriented work,
Entrepreneurship unit at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. Before that paper, I performed most of my research as an external academic, in association with
paper, Head of the Innovation and Entrepreneurship unit, Professor Thomas Hedner, noted 79 that researchers needed to relate innovation to the degree of the openness of the innovation
Anthology (Research Reports 03:1), Innovation, Entrepreneurship, Regional Development and Public Policy in the Emerging Digital economy, University of
The environment for entrepreneurship. In C a. Kent D. L. Sexton and K. H. Vesper (eds.
Encyclopaedia of Entrepreneurship, pp. 288†307 Englewood Cliffs, New jersey: Prentice hall Bryman, A. 1988. Quantity and quality in social research.
of Entrepreneurship Research, Proceedings of the second Babson Entrepreneurship Research Conference, Babson College Wellesley, Massachusetts, 1-22
Entrepreneurship and high technology. In D. L. Sexton and R. W Smilor (eds. The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship.
Cambridge, Massachusetts Harper & Row Cooper, J. R. 1998. A multidimensional approach to the adoption of innovation
A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior. Theory of Entrepreneurship & Practice 18 (1), 7†25
Cowen, S. S.,Middaugh II, J. K. and Mccarthy, K. 1984. Corporate life cycles and evolution of management, part II.
Innovation and Entrepreneurship. London, UK: Heinemann Dutta, S.,Shekhar, S. and Wong, W. Y. 1994.
Global entrepreneurship monitor: National entrepreneurship assessment†United states of america. Kansas city, Missouri: Kauffman Centre for Entrepreneurial Leadership, 4
112 Gentry, J. A.,Newbold, P. and Whitford, D. T. 1985. Classifying bankrupt firms with funds
perceptions on entrepreneurship and openness In L. Cassia, T. Minola, S. Paleari (eds. Entrepreneurship and Technological Change
Edward-Elgar Publishing Ltd, Cheltenham, UK, 73-95 Helms, M m. and Renfrow, T. W. 1994.
Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice 28 (6), 575†607 Hofstadter, R. 1945. Social Darwinism in American thought, 1860†1915.
Entrepreneurship and firm boundaries: The theory of a firm. Journal of Management Studies 44 (7), 1213†1241
Virtual instant global entrepreneurship Journal of International Entrepreneurship 1 (1), 43†57 Kazanjian, R. K. 1988.
Relation of dominant problems to stages of growth in technology -based new ventures. Academy of Management Journal 31 (2), 257†279
Entrepreneurship & management in the early stages of a firm†s development, 3rd Edition. Luxemburg:
Marketing/Entrepreneurship Interface. Marietta, Georgia: USASBE, 54†64 Lakhani, K. R. and von Hippel, E. 2003.
Norrman, C. 2008) Entrepreneurship policy: Public support for technology-based ventures Phd Dissertation. Linkã ping University, No. 1175 (ISBN 987-7393-923-2), Linkã ping
Promoting entrepreneurship and innovation in a global economy: Towards a more responsible and inclusive globalization. 2nd OECD Conference of Ministers
Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship. Englewood Cliffs, New jersey: Prentice hall, 307†313 Penrose, E t. 1959. The theory of the growth of the firm.
Entrepreneurship, Regional Development and Public Policy in the Emerging Digital Economy. University of Trollhã¤ttan, Uddevalla, Uddevalla, Sweden, 6†8 june, 393â€
Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 14 (1), 89†101 Rastogi, P. N. 2000. Sustaining enterprise competitiveness†is human capital the answer
A meta analysis. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice 17 (3), 53†64 Scott, W. R. 2003.
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 33 (1), 125†148 Steinmetz, L. L. 1969. Critical stages of small business growth,
Entrepreneurship 13 (2), 117†112 Whyte, W. F. 1951. Small groups and large organizations. In J. H. Rohrer and M. Sherif
entrepreneurship in their firms: Investigating strategic SME network participants Journal of Development Entrepreneurship 10 (3), 271†284
Wincent, J.,Anokin, S. and Boter, H. 2009. Network board continuity and effectiveness of open innovation in Swedish strategic small-firm networks.
A canonical analysis of corporate entrepreneurship antecedents and impact on performance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Management 46, 71â€
entrepreneurship corresponds to the role and function of an entrepreneur. Schumpeter constructs his analysis in the economic environment and sees an actor-transformer in
from other capitalisation themes, such as Innovation Systems or Entrepreneurship. It is structured according to the identified barriers faced by SMES to improve their innovation
contributed to the â€oeendogenous development of European regions by promoting entrepreneurship in underdeveloped areas building on local skillsâ€,
promoting entrepreneurship and providing infrastructure for innovation to SMES •Lack of internal research capabilities
Entrepreneurship, Creative Industries or E-government. Table 6 lists these other related projects Table 6:
Entrepreneurship UNICREDS http://www. unicreds. eu/i ndex. html Enhancing the regional competences in strategic management
GPS from the entrepreneurship theme were categorized as follow •Education and culture •Finance •Regulatory environment and procurement
dealing mostly with entrepreneurship, with innovation systems (mainly Science Parks or other infrastructures) or with specific industries such as energy, transport or ICT
international entrepreneurship and innovation •PERIA43 o International Cooperation Visits o Foreign Trade Fairs It is very interesting to note the GPS that tackle the challenge differently, in such a way as IVEX or I
Entrepreneurship Other themes can also contribute to the innovation capacity of SMES, such as Entrepreneurship or
Creative Industries. Indeed, young SMES need to innovate in order to grow and to find new markets
http://urbact. eu/en/projects/human-capital-entrepreneurship/fin-urb-act/homepage /64 http://urbact. eu/en/projects/innovation-creativity/4d-cities/our-project
DISTRICT+,3 were on the topic of science parks (including their impact on entrepreneurship), and 3
entrepreneurship, with the main aim being to identify and exchange Good Practices relating to the
support and promotion of local entrepreneurship and innovative SMES among the partner Edge Cities This goal would be achieved through the creation of an †innohub†in each city, drawing and building
Start-up) were oriented clearly entrepreneurship focused on university students, and therefore lie outside the scope of the present analysis. The other
Entrepreneurship and Innovations †Varna (RAPIV), Varna 6 Spain European Business Innovation Centre of Navarra-CEIN, Noain
most visible impact has been in the topic of entrepreneurship, due to the success of the Good Practice
exchange of ideas, experiences and tools for entrepreneurship, securing financing and offering tools for joint marketing by the SMES of all the European regions taking part in the project
In practice, this means the promotion of entrepreneurship across the board. While successful companies will constitute the new specialisation of the country/region
But entrepreneurship in the knowledge economy recognises that value added is generated also outside sole ownership, in spillovers, in networks of complementarity and
e g. industrial, innovation, education, energy, transport and entrepreneurship •Growing STI governance at regional level:
connectedness, collaboration and entrepreneurship, but also in terms of R&d and innovation performance as measured by patents and business R&d expenditure
•Entrepreneurship: Policy makers should take into account the entrepreneurial context of the sector when designing incentives •University and industry linkages:
innovation and entrepreneurship policy instruments (e g. R&d Financing Programme, SPINNO Programme, International Co-operation Networks, Technology Competence Centre Programme
innovation, technology transfer, IPR acquisition and protection, entrepreneurship, as well as process and organisational innovation. Also innovation in the public sector should be encouraged
entrepreneurship (in line with RIS 3 Guide: Guide to Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation (RIS 3
a) support for entrepreneurship of higher-education students and academics; b common innovation bonds (new instrument encouraging to test ideas at early stage;
emphasis on entrepreneurship policies, on cluster support, including the facilitation of bottom-up strategy processes, within the broader policy mix.
•How do you assess the climate for entrepreneurship in your region? Is it easy in your region to
entrepreneurship I. RESEARCH ISSUES In order to create a general perspective on small and medium enterprises in Romania, apprehension of the
Lecturer Department of Entrepreneurship and Business Management Linet Hove Student of Entrepreneurship Arnold Thondhlana Lecturer Accounting Sciences and Finance Department
Nicholas Kakava Coordinator in Consumer Sciences Chinhoyi University of Technology, Zimbabwe Corresponding author: Rangarirai Mbizi
Beaver, G. & Prince, C. 2002, â€oeinnovation, entrepreneurship and competitive advantage in the entrepreneurial ventureâ€, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 9 (1): 28-37
Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Wiley, UK Birchall, D.,Chanaron, J. &soderquist, K. 1996. Managing innovation in SMES, International
of an innovation-supportive organizational cultureâ€, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 25 1): 59-76 Damanpour, F. 1991.
Entrepreneurship development, 2: 1 http://www. essentials-on -entrepreneurship. pdf. Accessed 25 october 2012 Ettlie, J. E. & Rubenstein, A. H. 1987, â€oefirm size and product innovationâ€, Journal of Product
Innovation 4: 89-108 Gupta, A k. &govindrajan, V. 1991. Knowledge flows and the structure of control within
Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic growth, Small Business Economics, August 13 (1): 27-55 World bank (2009. Innovative Firms or Innovative Owners?
State of Entrepreneurship Conference, February 9, 2012 II. LITERATURE REVIEW A. SMES Interest in SMES is concerned primarily with their role in stimulating economic growth 3. However,
Entrepreneurship is considered a major driver of competitiveness as new companies in the form of small, young firms
Innovation has been studied in several forms in the entrepreneurship literature. For example, a firm†s †Entrepreneurial
Early research has examined the important role of innovation within entrepreneurship (Schumpeter, 1947. Therefore, in order to measure innovation,
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Report on High-Expectationentrepreneurship, London Business School/Mazars/Babson 3 Bhide A. 2000.
Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice 20 (4), 25-39 5 Covin, J, . & Slevin, D. 1989).
Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, May, 507-528 11 Wiklund, J, . & Shepherd, D. 2005). Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance:
Absorptive capacity is determined by entrepreneurship and firm-level attributes. This is studied in business management literature.
Entrepreneurship is seen widely as the most important determinant of absorptive capacity in SME€ s (Marins 2008.
Determinants include entrepreneurship and firm attributes. The importance of entrepreneurship was tested in a stepwise multiple regression analysis (table 11.
Based on the regression entrepreneurship does indeed explain about 44%of the variation in absorptive capacity, whereby
only education (dummies) and the previous position (dummies) are significant indicators. As expected, higher educated have more absorptive capacity then lower educated.
techniques, offers training and entrepreneurship development. The association houses an impressive amount of machines and prototype production processes developed by themselves
sector, but all universities increasingly pay attention to entrepreneurship and community services. At ISI, students can choose between more artistic and more commercial art studies.
whereas affirmative action for entrepreneurship development continued. However, the ease of doing business still allows room for improvement
entrepreneurship and innovation. Industry & Innovation 16 (1): 1-9 Asheim, BT, R. Boschma, P. Cooke, 2011.
Knowledge creation, entrepreneurship, and economic growth A historical review. Industrial and Corporate Change Chaminade, C, . and J. Vang. 2008.
SMES, entrepreneurship and innovation. OECD publishing: Paris Okamoto, Y, and S. Fredrik. 2003. Technology development in indonesia.
Entrepreneurship in regional innovation systems: A case study of the biotechnology industry in Shanhai. Copenhagen Suharmoko, A. 2008.
Tambunan, T."Entrepreneurship Development in Indonesia"(Paper, www. kadin-indonesia. or. id, 2006 Tambunan, T. 2006.
innovation policy, SME policy, entrepreneurship policy, or science and technology policy. It was generally seen as a separate legal sphere of little direct
entrepreneurship and development of SMES have begun to include intellectual property related services within their programmes of support for SMES.
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2012 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor July 2013 Annual Employment Survey Forfã¡s July 2013
Ireland†s Competitiveness Performance 2013 Forfã¡s May 2013 Making It In Ireland: Manufacturing 2020
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2011 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor September 2012 Annual Employment Survey 2011 Forfã¡
s August 2012 National Skills Bulletin 2012 NCC July 2012 Monitoring Ireland†s Skills Supply †Trends in Education and Training Outputs
Entrepreneurship at a Glance 2013, Table 2. 2 PAGE 39 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JUNE 2014
OECD, Entrepreneurship at a Glance (Table 2. 2; Table 2. 6 percent; accessed April 4, 2014), www. oecd
-tion and will encourage entrepreneurship. Furthermore, elements that hinder the proper functioning of the Single Market such as difficulties in cross-border activity
entrepreneurship is rewarded The entrepreneurial spirit in the EU, with only 45%of people that would want to be self-employed,
transfers and entrepreneurship programmes to encourage people to take the step to an own business
4. Promotion of entrepreneurship, job creation and inclusive growth The Commission will present a set of policy recommendations throughout 2011
and entrepreneurship activities,(3) providing access to finance and (4) promoting the increased use of
/4. 1. 1 Entrepreneurship and Innovation Programme (EIP The Entrepreneurship and Innovation Programme is of particular interest in your search for funding.
A budget of 1. 1 billion euro is allocated to the programme with the specific aim of facilitating access to
Under the Entrepreneurship and Innovation Programme, two main financial facilities are available A) the High Growth and Innovative SME Facility
entrepreneurship, information society and more http://ec. europa. eu/regional policy/funds/feder/index en. htm http://ec. europa. eu/regional policy/policy/region/index en. htm
and to boost entrepreneurship, innovation and share of experi -ence. Funding is provided through participants (beneficiaries) in specific programs and projects.
creativity and entrepreneurship and to achieve higher levels of employment right across Europe Ireland is embracing a new chapter in
research, innovation and entrepreneurship is at the heart of the Europe 2020 Strategy and funding is increasingly
are necessary to encourage innovation and entrepreneurship such as knowledge transfer technology transfer, investment forums, start-up and commercialisation support and increased
Investing in research, innovation and entrepreneurship is at the heart of Europe 2020 and a crucial part of Europe†s
specific teaching modules on entrepreneurship and open innovation •To ensure that the Student Enterprise Programme currently undertaken by the Local Enterprise
entrepreneurship in the Region Promoting a more collaborative culture through strong leadership and commitment to drive innovation and
entrepreneurship in the Region 48 Strategy Implementation Chapter 06 6. 0 Introduction Many different types of collaboration and
innovation and entrepreneurship in the Region Stakeholder engagement has been the cornerstone of the preparation of this
and increasing the profi le of entrepreneurship as a career path. It is recommended that the LEOS
and entrepreneurship The alternative is to accelerate innovations that align the capacities of the Internet better to social
create new specific instruments for social entrepreneurship SUPPORT TO SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS & START-UPS Development and entrepreneurship programmes
In public institutions there are examples such as the New york city Economic Development Agency and in particular its entrepreneur programme34.
Mechanisms that foster social entrepreneurship such as incubators, accelerators or other intermediary platforms are necessary to provide resources in different phases
entrepreneurship around the world, helping young companies, and particularly high -tech start-ups to grow and thrive.
These indicators now include innovative entrepreneurship and innovation in firms universities and public research institutes,
-entrepreneurship /38 http://www. oecd. org/sti /outlook/e-outlook/stipolicyprofiles /competencestoinnovate /taxincentivesforrdandinnovation. htm 39 http://crowdingin. com
carried out in co-operation with the Working Party on SMES and Entrepreneurship. It was prepared for the
Innovation and Entrepreneurship, OECD, Paris OECD (2001b), â€oebroadband Infrastructure Deployment: the Role of Government Assistanceâ€, OECD
to entrepreneurship and growth. The Openeyif Open European Youth Innovation Framework sets a blueprint for an open innovation ecosystem
entrepreneurship and interaction in the open space as well Van Ouden et al elaborate further on the case on
-expectation entrepreneurship occurs when disrup -tive technologies meet high ambition, creativity and hard work. HEE is especially important as according
to a report from the Global Entrepreneurship Moni -tor, HEE€ s contribute about 80%of all new jobs cre
by other actions focusing on web entrepreneurship young innovators and interlinking policy actions with H2020 as well
Entrepreneurship High-expectation entrepreneurship is the intersection of high ambition and disruptive technology to create growth
businesses. High expectation entrepreneurs (HEE's) expect to employ 20 employees or more within five years and are a
inclusive) growth-driving entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystems (as well as clusters, net -works and other agglomerations) at the regional
The Saunaâ masters have an understanding of entrepreneurship in advance of their years. They recognise that there is more to innovation than high tech:
They realise that promoting entrepreneurship is a matter of changing culture as much as providing money.
ate startâ ups. They are telling their schools to sing the praises of entrepreneurship Many of the region†s most interesting entrepreneurs operate at the low end of the tech specâ
9) The area of †technology, innovation and entrepreneurship as drivers of knowledge societies†emphasises the fact that
when innovations (with a new entrepreneurship) are developed further (see here the idea and concept of the †Academic Firmâ€
Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship. New york Springer 14) Etzkowitz, H. 1998. †The norms of entrepreneurial
Innovation and Entrepreneurship, August. Available at: http://www. innovation-entrepreneurship. com /content/1/1/2 9 (further references:(
29)( 30)( 31)( 32)( 33 34)( 36)( 37)( 38)( 40)( 42)( 43)( 54 23) Carayannis, Elias G.,David F. J. Campbell (2012
Innovation, and Entrepreneurship for Development. New York, NY: Springer (further references:(29)( 30)( 31)( 32)( 33
Could entrepreneurship be an integra -tive force for the Knowledge Triangle components Could it act as a facilitator and accelerator of dif
could entrepreneurship mean in the specific context of the EIT and its KICS? For example, how would
through entrepreneurship, open innovation learning environments, or corporate venturing? What would be the right model for entrepreneurial education for
role of entrepreneurship as the very process during which innovation is brought to markets and society
-vation strategy of the EIT on entrepreneurship could be its unique selling proposition and the best chance
and instilling entrepreneurship in this process Their goal is to educate generations of entrepreneur -ial Europeans, breed new high-growth com panies
-ney, a summer †crash course†in entrepreneurship Climate-KIC offers EIT-labelled degrees, including
entrepreneurship awards. The winners of the 2012 and 2013 competitions were Christopher Williams Naked Energy) and Dominik Peus (Antaco) from
processes on entrepreneurship and this has already brought and will bring far-fetching results in terms
entrepreneurship and foster taking risks. It is known only a small percentage of all startups will succeed
Entrepreneurship and imple -mentation of innovation may be less risk if rely on theories and systematic approaches
receive tech support while the entrepreneurship ecosystem they will become part of will support them with access to finance (introduction to VCS
The role of entrepreneurship in U s. and European job growth, Monthly Labor Review 123 (7), p. 3
innovation, intra/entrepreneurship, internationalisation and the creative industries Flanders DC focuses on entrepreneurs, teachers, students, policy-makers and the general public
ï Entrepreneurship and globalization, Italo Colantone and Leo Sleuwaegen, December 2007 published in English ï HR Tools als stimulans voor creativiteit bij uw werknemers, Kristien Van Bruystegem, Vickie
address design, entrepreneurship, and open innovation. All these activities provided the company with more international visibility and a reliable reputation as top design company
We did not examine the entrepreneurship literature to analyze open innovation in SMES Clearly, potential exists to connect the two literature streams to strengthen the analysis further
The need to combine innovation management, entrepreneurship, and strategy is urgent to understand the richness of these open innovation cases.
Entrepreneurship and SMES), as part of the'SMES and Entrepreneurship programme 'financed by The netherlands Ministry of Economic Affairs
Most recent EIM reports and much more on SMES and Entrepreneurship can be found at
www. entrepreneurship-sme. eu The responsibility for the contents of this report lies with EIM bv.
Quoting numbers or text in papers, essays and books is permitted only when the source is mentioned clearly.
The results of EIM's Research Programme on SMES and Entrepreneurship are published in the following series:
www. entrepreneurship-sme. eu Recent Research Reports and Scales Papers H200818 10-11-2008 High-Growth SMES Evidence from The netherlands
H200812 16-9-2008 Science and technology-based regional entrepreneurship in the Netherlands: building support structures for business creation
and growth entrepreneurship H200811 8-9-2008 What Determines the Growth Ambition of Dutch Early-Stage
Evidence from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Data H200809 25-7-2008 The Entrepreneurial Adjustment Process in Disequilibrium
Entrepreneurship in The netherlands H200804 19-2-2008 Samenwerken op afstand H200803 1-1-2008 Explaining Preferences and Actual Involvement in Self
H200719 21-12-2007 Modelling latent and actual entrepreneurship H200718 21-12-2007 Knowledge management and Innovation:
H200717 21-12-2007 Entrepreneurship and innovation H200716 21-12-2007 Employment Growth of New Firms
Entrepreneurship H200714 21-12-2007 Creative industries H200713 19-11-2007 New Ventures†Export Orientation:
H200623 6-12-2006 Entrepreneurship, Dynamic Capabilities and New Firm Growth H200622 1-12-2006 Determinants of self employment preference and realization of
H200616 11-10-2006 Entrepreneurship and its determinants in a cross-country setting H200615 2-10-2006 The Geography of New Firm Formation:
innovation, intra/entrepreneurship, internationalisation and the creative industries Flanders DC focuses on entrepreneurs, teachers, students, policy-makers and the general public
ï Entrepreneurship and globalization, Italo Colantone and Leo Sleuwaegen, December 2007 published in English ï HR Tools als stimulans voor creativiteit bij uw werknemers, Kristien Van Bruystegem, Vickie
address design, entrepreneurship, and open innovation. All these activities provided the company with more international visibility and a reliable reputation as top design company
We did not examine the entrepreneurship literature to analyze open innovation in SMES Clearly, potential exists to connect the two literature streams to strengthen the analysis further
The need to combine innovation management, entrepreneurship, and strategy is urgent to understand the richness of these open innovation cases.
4. 2. 1 Entrepreneurship...36 4. 2. 2 Access to finance...39 4. 2. 3 Internationalisation...
-Eurostat Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme found that in 2006, the USA were ahead of most European countries for which data were available
Entrepreneurship: Certified coaching may help grow SMES and cross the â€oechasm†between pilot markets and mass markets.
4) Entrepreneurship, access to finance, SME internationalisation, as well as opportunities and risks of sectoral policy approaches are dealt special issues with here
European and national policy approaches as well as specific issues related to entrepreneurship, access to finance, internationalisation and industry focus.
entrepreneurship/SMES (most relevant), economic and public policy, and innovation ï Research in publications lists of major relevant public organisations such as the OECD and business
-cation track record in the fields of entrepreneurship and innovation These experts had agreed to review drafts of this policy brief
Articles about high-growth SMES in entrepreneurship journals 2008 †2010 For this Policy Brief, the volumes of 2008 †2010 of major economic journals were scanned for articles about
The most notable initiative to make international data on entrepreneurship available may be the joint OECD-Eurostat Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme (EIP) launched in 2006.
Some key findings from the EIP are presented in the following, supplemented by data from other sources
A population survey of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2010 in 21 innovation-oriented countries asked whether starting a company is considered an attractive professional option and whether successful
apply to high-growth SME policies but to entrepreneurship policy in general: Economic research can as yet
what entrepreneurship policies are particularly conducive. 47 While many authors are cautious about entrepreneurship policy interventions,
some argue that â€oegovernmental pol -icy for promoting technological entrepreneurship can contribute to the vitalisation of the national economy
through the generation of new jobs and innovationâ€. 48 Among the most prominent studies about policies for high-growth enterprises are the ones by the OECD
The authors conclude that â€oethe time for generic entrepreneurship policy has passed, and new focus and so
SMES Policy High-Growth Entrepreneurship Policy Policy Goals Objectives in relation to entrepreneurs Entice more people to become
-ists, entrepreneurship organisations, technology transfer offices, and the private nonprofit organisation Con -nect70 which provides free advice and coaching to small businesses with high growth potential
4. 2. 1 Entrepreneurship Overview of entrepreneurship policies Entrepreneurship is the act of starting or growing a company,
so that entrepreneurship policies can be de -fined as political measures to support the start or growth of a company.
Hence policies to support high -growth SMES are a special part of entrepreneurship policies. Both general entrepreneurship policies and
high-growth entrepreneurship policies may use instruments related to the â€oeinnovation and growth triangle†as described in section 2. 3,
i e. they may be related to facilitating access to resources, incentives and markets The approaches for fostering high-growth SMES identified in the course of research for this Policy Brief focus
on measures facilitating access to finance, foreign markets and human resources. Access to finance and foreign markets will be discussed more detailed below in sections 4. 2. 2 and 4. 2. 3. Examples of policies for
easing access to human resources include the following ï The SPRING programme of the government of Singapore offers several human resources related
95 See http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/entrepreneurship/financing/publications documents. htm 96 See OECD (2010), p. 11.
amount of entrepreneurship is. We do not know enough to answer this fundamental question, much less to
South korea Entrepreneurship (start-up and growth of SMES) Yes Singapore Internationalisation of SMES Yes Canada SMES€ access to finance Yes
policies for entrepreneurship, SME innovation and Policies for high-growth innovative SMES v1. 6 54
Entrepreneurship policies Recent activities to foster business start-ups In order to mitigate the negative effects of the economic crisis
ï the venture businessmen†s special lecture programmes on entrepreneurship at universities ï the youth start-up education programme
'Entrepreneurship and SMES in Southeast asia'.'Singapore: Seng Lee Press 2004 ï Economic Stimulus and Expansionary Budgets:
1) new entrepreneurship projects, with innovative technological ideas;( (2) projects to upgrade traditional industry, aimed at developing new technology or products;(
entrepreneurship, access to finance and internationalisation Enhanced entrepreneurship policies Establishing a network of certified coaches across Europe
There have been several initiatives to establish professional coaching networks for SMES in Europe, also by
Entrepreneurship policies may not have to consider the question how to identify SMES with high growth po
Thus, entrepreneurship policy may, more basically, have to seek to ensure that there are entrepreneurs who are able to generate companies
-tion of serial entrepreneurship, policy can use various instruments, and the European commission can take a role.
social context, is likely to make a difference for high-growth entrepreneurship. †Balancing SME policies with economic policies at large
Entrepreneurship theory and practice, Vol 34, No. 2, pp. 289-316 Acs, Zoltan J.;Mueller, Pamela (2008:
Discussion Papers on Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy; Max Planck Institute of Economics Ahmad, Nadim;
Paper prepared for the International Consortium on Entrepreneurship (ICE) Meeting 22-23 february 2007, Copenhagen, Denmark
Public policy support for entrepreneurship. In Industry and Innovation, Vol. 11, Issue 3, pp. 167-191
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2007 Global Report on High-Growth Entrepreneur -ship. GERA: London. Available at http://www. gemconsortium. org/download. asp?
Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Volume 28, Issue 18 Bianchi, Carmine; Winch, Graham W. 2009: Supporting value creation in SMES through capacity building
Global Entrepreneurship Moni -tor (GEM) Länderbericht Deutschland. Hannover/Nuremburg Policies for high-growth innovative SMES v1. 6
Final Evaluation of the Entrepreneurship and Inno -vation Programme. Framework Service contract for the Procurement of Studies and other Supporting
Main characteristics of technological entrepreneurship and the im -pact of governmental policies in Korea. In:
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Vol. 12, Nos. 3-4, pp. 311-329
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 32, Issue 3, pp. 779-790 Murray, Gordon; Hyytinen, Ari;
Growth Entrepreneurship and Finance. In: Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Employment and the Economy:
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 32, Issue 3, pp. 507-528 OECD, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (2009:
Measuring Entrepreneurship. A Collection of Indicators. 2009 Edition. OECD-Eurostat Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme OECD, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (2010a:
SMES, entrepreneurship and in -novation. OECD Studies on SMES and Entrepreneurship OECD, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (2010b:
Measuring Entrepreneurship The OECD-Eurostat Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme. By Mariarosa Lunati, Jeroen Meyer zu Schlochtern and Gueram Sargsyan.
OECD Statistics Brief, November 2010, No. 15 OECD, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (2010c:
High-Growth Enterprises: What Governments Can Do to Make a Difference, OECD Studies on SMES and Entrepreneurship, OECD
Publishing OECD, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development/Eurostat (2005: Oslo Manual. Guide -lines for collecting
and interpreting innovation data. The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities. Third edition. A joint publication of OECD and Eurostat
Global Entrepreneurship and the Successful Growth Strategies of Early-Stage Companies. A World Economic Forum Report in collaboration with Stanford university
The study team scanned the following entrepreneurship journals and other journals for articles about high
Top level entrepreneurship journals Public policy journals 1 Journal of Business Venturing 2 Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice
3 Small Business Economics 4 Journal of Small Business Management 1 Cato 2 Journal of Public Policy and Management
Level 2 entrepreneurship journals Top-level general journals 1 International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing 2 Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship
3 International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management 4 International Small Business Journal 5 Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship
6 Venture capital 7 International Journal of Entrepreneurship 8 Journal of Enterprising Culture 9 Small Business and Enterprise Development
1 Harvard Business Review 2 California Management Review 3 Sloan Management Review 4 Long Range Planning
5 Growth and Change Exhibit A-1 lists articles in top level or level 2 scientific entrepreneurship journals dealing with high-growth
SMES in 2008-2010. Full references are included in the Reference section of this Policy Brief
Articles on high-growth SMES in entrepreneurship journals 2008-2010 Year Author (s) Journal/Article title
2009 Harms/Ehrmann Firm-level entrepreneurship and performance for German Gazelles 2009 Bianchi/Winch Supporting value creation in SMES through capacity building and innovation initia
Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship 2010 Baughn et al Labor Flexibility and the Prevalence Of high-Growth Entrepreneurial Activity
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management 2010 Zhou et al Entrepreneurial innovation problems associated with the dynamic growth of univer
2010 Littunen/Niittykangas The rapid growth of young firms during various stages of entrepreneurship 2008 Zhang et al A quantitative analysis of the characteristics of rapid-growth firms and their entre
inspire, and accelerate high-growth entrepreneurship throughout the nation.(.President Obama has called on both the federal government and the private sector to
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