Environment 34.7 %3 970 34.5 %4 839 42.0 %4 815 31.8 %4 456 20.8 %2 386
and environment technologies. Overall, Asia is expanding its relative specialisation in all technology areas Figure 12:
Environment 34.7 %3 970 34.5 %4 839 42.0 %4 815 31.8 %4 456 19.8 %2 386
PCT patent applications addressing societal challenges †Environment Environment-related technologies †PCT patent applications (1) per billion GDP (PPSÂ), 2000-14 (2
0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6
specialisation in energy, environment and materials may in the medium term endanger the EU€ s world technology lead
¢Environment 1. 04 •0. 88 •1. 15 †¢Nanotechnologies 0. 83 •1. 16 •1. 07 â€
regulation for energy efficiency, impact on the environment water and health, public procurement of construction and
strengths in green energy, the environment, ICT, materials and nanotechnologies. Countries with the right mix of
for construction, green energy, the environment and materials. Important technology potential can also be found in smaller countries, such as The netherlands
environment However, Europe has the potential to strengthen its competitive position in these converging technologies
the regulatory environment, or in consumer behavior and expectations. At the same time, these merchants actively analyze
communication or the environment, though new technologies often were also raising new concerns on their potentially negative implications on safety, health and the environment as
well as on ethical, legal and social issues This report focuses on new technologies that are likely to serve as KETS today and in the
Within a production function environment, positive productivity effects of KETS may be reflected by a higher rate of technical progress.
Within a sector-specific production function environment, KETS will most likely shift sector shares since output of sectors that produce KETS
sell goods under a competitive environment, i e. to prevail over competitors Analysing technological competitiveness in emerging technologies is anything but
market environment, we evaluate technological dynamics in nanotechnology by looking at Chapter 3 Nanotechnology EN 57error!
environment, communication and computing, scientific tools and industrial manufacturing will be affected largely by this emerging technology (Miyazaki and Islam, 2007
goal is to create a competitive and dynamic R&d environment and to boost the knowledge
cluster) economies (regional technology division, business environment promotion division and there are divisions to nurture technological development (research and development
individualistic cultural environment Public policy /funding /taxation Cluster dependent on public funding because of venture capital scarcity
including environment, healt and safety issues. As for all radical innovations, demand is highly uncertain and tends to be very low in the first years after an innovation has been
environment, health and safety (EHS. There is a widespread concern of potential negative effects from nanostructures on the human organism as well as on other creatures.
that nanotechnology innovations can have for the environment and health. An open dialogue between governments, industry, research
Another area for wealth enhancing effects of nanotechnology is energy and environment Nanotechnology could contribute to a more efficient and less harmful production of energy
Under this environment, future growth of this industry depends on a multitude of factors The perhaps most important success factor is funding.
and the environment have been discussed widely. Commercialising nanotechnology products European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO
Further policy actions should relate to providing a stable regulatory environment, particularly with respect to likely safety, health and environment impacts of nanotechnology.
Informing the general public about the prospects and potential dangers of nanotechnology and how one
environment called Minatec bringing together researchers from its centre with partners from industry and university located on the central campus. 18 joint laboratories have been setup
excellence in its field with a very interdisciplinary and collaborative research environment Furthermore, the Grenoble cluster also benefits from a strong research environment in the
wider region and the Rhã'ne-Alpes region enjoys easy access to major industrial hubs in
universities and research in a collaborative, open innovation environment. This impressively shows the historic development of the cluster not only showing a high concentration of actors
highly controlled environments and output comprising solid electronic components. However recycling of electronic goods is regulated increasingly with electronics waste representing an
This creates an innovative environment that attracts scientists and firms globally to come and work at the Grenoble cluster.
and environment Market failures and drivers for growth Market structure The cluster is research focused
Many high-tech firms are located at the Grenoble cluster for the research environment. While the cluster is very †demand†driven customers are not directly co-located.
commercial environment and a well functioning cluster are at least as important Public procurement and lead markets
Significant numbers of and spin-offs creating a dynamic business environment International linkages and visibility strengthening the competitive position of the cluster
Collaborative research environment stimulated by Minatech (industry-research -public triangle Cluster also has an important joint
-western Taiwan to create an environment conducive to high-tech research and development production, work, life, and entertainment,
Further policy actions should relate to providing a stable regulatory environment, particularly with respect to likely safety, health and environment impacts of micro-and nanoelectronics
Chapter 5 Industrial Biotechnology EN 149error! Unknown document property name. EN 5 INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 5. 1 Definition and State of Technology
In order to avoid such biases from the market environment, we evaluate technological dynamics by looking at patent applications by European, North american and East Asian
environment of existing and established electronics and computing industries. The number of biotechnology companies grew steadily until the mid 1990s, when international investments
collaborative R&d projects in an interdisciplinary environment. Finally, there is also a growing number in supporting companies and services, including law firms, accounting firms
Further policy actions should relate to providing a stable regulatory environment, particularly with respect to likely safety and health of industrial biotechnology.
optics created the technological environment for optical communication (Jahns, 2001 The next innovation boost in this field will come from mastering the manipulation of the
materials and in the environment. Ultimately, photonics even promises to completely replace microelectronics as the technology that computers use to †think†(optical computing), leading
Furthermore, the research environment is given also attractive the low turnover rate of research specialists and competitive salary levels.
on a strong research community and a high quality local business environment. They largely source their inputs regionally with 63 percent of the firms buying more than 50 percent of
a dynamic business environment and a strong commitment from governments to support the industry, and
A particular strength of the Quebec cluster is its dynamic business environment and proximity to key markets in the US and Canada
environment, health care and life sciences, safety and security. In keeping with its greater importance for Europe, Photonics has been given a higher profile in the Seventh Framework
environment capable of accelerating photonics research, enhancing cooperation, increasing public and private R&d investments and ensuring the mobilisation of the critical mass of
demanding environments (e g. in terms of temperature, humidity) or for very demanding processes (e g. in terms of capacitance, miniaturisation.
comprise structural materials for extreme environments, functional materials for extreme environments, energy efficient materials, electromagnetic materials
Advanced materials are a special kind of general purpose technology. Like other general purpose technologies, advanced materials can be applied widely across industries, also
are currently semiconductors, automotive and aircraft, energy and environment, medicine and health, construction and housing,
market environment, we evaluate technological dynamics in advanced materials by looking at patent applications by European, North american and East Asian applicants at their
89 2007 1. 2 2012 5. 2 environment Freedonia (2008 Nanomaterials 1 2006 4. 2 2011 33 semiconductors Freedonia (2007
environment Materials Technology Publications (2007 Powder metallurgy 21 2006 30 2012 5 machinery, instruments automotive Materials
batteries), environment (mid-term market volume of â 12 billion, e g. polymers and smart packaging), health (e g. tissue engineering),
and promotion of renewable energy use and environment initiative. As noted above, the Wallonia government defined economic redevelopment areas
applicability of materials in very demanding environments (e g. in terms of temperature and humidity), in allowing more demanding processing of materials (e g. in terms of capacitance
environment, medicine and health, construction and housing, and various process technologies (including mechanical engineering and automation, packaging and logistics
authorities which have to guarantee that new materials do not harm health or the environment
in terms of protection negative impacts on safety, health and environment, they should specify technical requirements to materials and processes early and with a long-term view
efficiently and in an environment friendly way The role of public support Public support of AMT should particularly be centred on three policy fields.
environment, safety concerns high low medium low low low Source: ZEW compilation Patenting in KETS is driven by different groups of actors.
well as health, environment and safety concerns. In microelectronics, being a more mature industry, main challenges refer to combining higher performance of ne microelectronic
and the role of environment, health and safety issues Governments tend to be important players in nanotechnology and industrial biotechnology
more focused on providing a favourable environment for industry, including to maintain a strong industrial base as a key starting point for developing and commercialising new
environment and attract new entrants Funding of research and collaboration Establishment of cluster platform Public policy
Some KETS need to pay particular attention to health, environment and safety issues Nanotechnology, industrial biotechnology and advanced materials are to be named here
as well as a favourable financial environment, including tax incentives for R&d and investment in new technologies
a supportive regulatory environment. When private venture capital markets in Europe are not fully capable of providing sufficient funds for start-up and early stage financing
-Balancing health, environment, safety issues on the one hand and innovation incentives on the other are a main challenge for regulation in the area of KETS.
research, innovation, education, competition, industry, taxation, health and environment References EN 351error! Unknown document property name.
and environment aspects of nanomaterials, regulatory research needs and related measures Commission Staff Working Document, accompanying document to the Communication from the
IQ (no date), Quebec †a dynamic and profitable business environment, Investissement Quebec http://www. photoniquequebec. ca/documents/Investissement quebec opticsphotonics. pdf
KPMG (2009), Changsha Investment Environment Study 2009, Guangzhou, KPMG Huazhen: 24 KPMG (2009), The Road to Recovery in the Global Semiconductor Industry †A Survey of Industry
 environments  for  working  that  are  emerging  around  the
 environments  that  have  been  designed  and  then  used
 environment  in  which  the  enterprise  is  located  and
 environments  •Government  agencies  † regional  regulators  industry
 environment  and  positioning  (location  •Entrepreneurs/owner- †managers
 environment  design  •Industry- †specific  partnerships  † identifying
 environments  Employees  look  forward  to  interacting  with  colleagues
 environments  There  is  still  a  lot  to  be
 environments  Within  this  dynamic  ecosystem  companies  come  and
and initiatives of companies, it is vital that policy follows this trend to foster amore open innovation environment.
69 S. Hess, Individual behaviour and collective action towards the environment: an economic framework based on the social customs approach, Rational.
so the technology environment is strategically important to building and maintaining trust in the organization, â€
In line with EY€ s commitment to minimize its impact on the environment, this document has
In an increasingly complex business environment, organizations have been confronted with rapid changes in technology, competition, regulation and customer needs and demands.
imagination of managers seeking to survive the current turbulent operating environments Innovations may represent novelties in one or along several dimensions.
innovation and entrepreneurship, operating in a market environment By definition, innovation processes address novel products or processes that require new ca
During times of dramatic changes in the business environment or when SMES exploited completely new opportunities, incremental innovations would not provide sufficient le for rapid
dynamic change patterns of the business environment is essential for the long-term survival of the
environment reducing the unemployment rate and increasing the productivity. It is necessary for the Romanian state to rethink the fiscal system
Strategies related to the environment characteristics, when an accentuate competition on the internal market and a rapid change rhythm in their activity domain can be associated with the
concerted regional approach focused on building a supportive business environment within the region informed by the needs of the sectors highlighted below should be advanced.
working with the Department of the Environment to update the water/waste water needs of
the health of the city, its environment and people through all groups and agencies working
 The region has a strong natural asset base in the quality of the natural environment and
The good quality of the natural environment and landscape presents opportunities for further development of cultural and
for the built environment  Teagasc has its national headquarters in the South East,(at Oak Park,
The diverse landscape and natural environment across the South East region, from rolling countryside and fertile agricultural land, to rugged uplands and expansive coastlines provides
feature of the landscape providing links between the physical, the historic, the environment and individuals.
in order to maintain the quality of the local environment Product: Fáilte Ireland†s strategy for the region is multifaceted based on a brand, building
environment in the Region, together with research and analysis of employment opportunities in the South East Region
which are well known in terms of enhancing Ireland†s business environment  For the indigenous companies, access to finance (investment
Business Environment  It is critical that the necessary actions are taken to ensure that Ireland realises
environment to foster graduates of distinction who are ready to take a leadership role in
 Engineering (Built Environment, Electronic, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering As well as the main campus in Carlow town, the IT provides courses in Business, Humanities
concerted regional approach focused on building a supportive business environment within the region informed by the needs of the sectors highlighted below should be advanced.
development depends on a well planned spatial environment, which efficiently delivers the appropriate supporting infrastructures (both physical and soft) to create competitive and
a competitive environment to support and stimulate enterprise development2 Global and national developments over the past year mean that regional competitiveness has
competitive environment, build from its strengths and national and international networks, and address barriers to development
ï§Influence the refresh of the NSS being undertaken by Department of Environment Heritage and Local government and planned for completion early 2010 (Doehlg
Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment (DETE), the Department of Environment 1 NUTS III level:
innovative capacity and capability of the locale and a dynamic environment offering an 7 The concepts are outlined in Section 1 of the National Spatial Strategy 2002-2010 as:
In light of this, the business environment in Ireland needs to continually evolve to meet the changing needs of companies
Ensuring an optimum business environment'on the ground'within the regions requires a specific focus.
of an attractive environment (the NSS) and enterprise development We need to consider the roles of the Regional and Local authorities and of the Enterprise
attractive and competitive environment from which to start and grow a business †enabled by
development of an environment within the regions that stimulates greater company engagement-with each other, with customers, suppliers and markets to deliver on new
The business environment is becoming ever more complex and requires local and global networking for companies to remain successful.
environment for enterprise investment, for tourism development and from a lifestyle choice perspective. The region has had strong economic performance,
environment could provide opportunity to take a proactive, regionally based and creative approach in the short term.
ï§Taking into account the business environment requirements for entrepreneurship undertake an assessment of existing infrastructures (both physical and soft) and identify
environment, and to ï¿Provide clarity on the availability of business supports and the role of each
of enterprise potential, infrastructures and the built environment ï§Recognising the resources of potential entrepreneurs from the farming community, and
is focused on developing an environment within the region which is conducive to innovation through cooperation in joint action aimed primarily at building capacity, sharing knowledge
Enhancing the Business Environment 21ï and Strategic Capacity 21ï Entrepreneurship 22ï Quality of life 24ï and R&d 25ï
we create an environment that is conducive to attracting foreign direct investment (FDI stimulating entrepreneurship and enabling companies to grow
Business environment factors ï¿Priority Actions FORFÃ S REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AGENDA: REALISING POTENTIAL: SOUTHEAST 3
environment and factors of competitiveness Globalisation: The pace and extent of global competition has intensified significantly over
Rising Concerns About the Environment: The increased focus on environmental (and energy related) issues presents opportunities for companies to innovate with alternative sources of
physical or virtual), an innovative capacity and capability and a dynamic environment offering an attractive quality of life †basically a good place to work, live and to do business
or region provides a competitive environment that stimulates entrepreneurship, enables companies to grow and evolve, and attracts and
environment and landscape and further development of cultural and recreational assets 8 The absence of a university within the region has been cited as a key regional deficit and a formal
for the built environment ï¿Teagasc has its national headquarters in the Southeast,(at Oak Park,
in order to maintain the quality of the local environment Product: Fáilte Ireland†s strategy for the region is multifaceted based on a brand, building
A new environment has emerged for software companies globally in what has been called †The New Software Economy†19.
Business Environment The region has many of the building blocks in place to attract investment from foreign and
Ireland†s ambition as outlined in the Smart Economy, the business environment needs to continuously evolve to meet these changing needs †to provide a dynamic environment that is
supportive of early start ups and entrepreneurial activities, that stimulates company engagement in innovation and R&d and that ensures that companies have access to the high
within the region to create competitive environments to attract a concentration of new company start-ups in the hub towns and other locations.
an open environment FORFÃ S REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AGENDA: REALISING POTENTIAL: SOUTHEAST 24 Figure 4 below.
its high quality natural environment and the range of very accessible cultural and recreational amenities across the region.
continually enhancing the city's built environment streetscapes, public spaces, transport and communications networks etc. through careful
Innovative thinking and creativity is stimulated in an environment that is dynamic interactive and collaborative ï¿Enablers and supports provided by government facilitate innovation and range from
establishing the †right†fiscal, IP and regulatory environment, to supporting education and training, to providing funding for R&d initiatives
environment ï¿The enterprise development focused Spirit of Enterprise Forum is a significant initiative with potential to provide leadership and a cohesive approach to supporting enterprise
and environment/life sciences), working with the relevant industry associations and the HEIS ï¿Promote interaction between indigenous SMES and MNCS in the region-for example
environment ï¿Provide clarity on the availability of business supports to potential entrepreneurs, the role of each regionally based agency and key contacts
such as infrastructures, education and regulatory environment The agencies work together to market and promote Ireland internationally as a †good place to
these constraints creates an environment for â€oelearning unleashed. †It is an educational environment that puts increasing control in the hands of the learner.
But it means educators must be willing to relinquish some of that control In addition to the constraints Long has identified,
of paleontology could use AR to study collaboratively dinosaurs in a real-world environment enhanced by 3d virtual dinosaurs that once roamed that space.
technology to help meet learning objectives in a mobile environment Research consistently demonstrates that active,
increasingly being incorporated across digital learning environments. Mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets can be used easily as well as clicker apps and other tools for active
an online learning environment (Hayes, 2011. These nonverbal cues are sometimes critical to comprehension (although there are techniques to introduce nonverbal communication in an
online learning environment In the years ahead, educators can optimize their instruction with a wide spectrum of digital tools
-driven environment? †A parallel case is what might be called the canary in the AI wordsmith†s
personal learning environment. Retrieved on 9 june 2013 from file://C:/Users/User /Downloads/18150452. pdf
appropriately to their environment (Das Zahra, and Warkentin 1991) and to receive and process information more
-try Environment, †Journal of Small Business Management 44 (1), 64†80 Blumentritt, T, . and W. M. Danis (2006
New Competitive Environments: The JOURNAL OF SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT214 Case for Strategic Resonance, †Journal
Strategy, Systems and Environment upon Innovation in Family Firms, †Family business Review 19 (1), 1†10
Natural Environment, Innovation, and Firm Performance: A Comparative Study, †Family business Review 19 (4 275†288
macroeconomic environment is among the most stable in the world (8th) at a time when many neighboring
a changing environment and has laid the groundwork for high levels of technological adoption and innovation
Finland†s macroeconomic environment weakens slightly on the back of rising inflation (above 3 percent), but fares comparatively well when contrasted
macroeconomic environment (13th), with a balanced budget and manageable public debt levels. These characteristics come together to make Sweden one of
of GDP in 2011), its macroeconomic environment is more stable than that of a number of other advanced
country†s macroeconomic environment (110th, down from 85th last year) represents the greatest drag on its
environment and has laid the ground for their high levels of technological adoption and innovation. A continued
macroeconomic environment is ranked an impressive 3rd out of all countries (up from 4th last year), driven
and further improving its environment for research and development Austria is ranked 16th this year, up three places
of competition and an environment that facilitates new business creation. Business operations are also distinguished by high levels of sophistication and
macroeconomic environment is burdened by persistent deficit spending and high public debt France is ranked 21st, down three places from
Yet the country†s macroeconomic environment continues to raise significant concern (131st), although matters seem to be moving in the right direction following the
macroeconomic environment (123rd) and financial markets (97th) remain areas of concern Despite its very delicate macroeconomic situation
is ranked 97th overall for its institutional environment The efforts being undertaken by the present government to address such concerns,
a deteriorating macroeconomic environment (116th) †despite the recent progress in curbing public deficits†and a worrisome state of the banking system (119th) that
healthier macroeconomic environment than in previous years. The budget deficit was cut to 2. 7 percent of
macroeconomic environment pillar, dropping to rock bottom 144th position this year. Similarly, Greece†s financial markets are assessed more poorly than in
stabilizing its macroeconomic environment, which would require fiscal consolidation to reduce the budget deficit Reversing the negative trend of recent years, the
9th) and a sound macroeconomic environment (10th with a government budget surplus above 2 percent of
macroeconomic environment continues to improve†albeit marginally (27th, up one spot) †as the budget
quality (51st) and the macroeconomic environment is stable, judging by the country†s 25th rank on the related
Meanwhile, the macroeconomic environment (99th continues to be characterized by large and repeated public deficits and the highest debt-to-GDP ratio among
environment also exhibits marked improvement (36th up 18) and represents one of the strongest aspects of
environment pillar to 106th after it had recorded a 20 -place gain in the previous edition.
its macroeconomic environment, the efficiency of its markets for goods and services, and its institutional framework.
macroeconomic environment (2nd), and an efficient goods market (10th. Low levels of corruption and undue
Its macroeconomic environment benefits from rising energy prices, which buoyed the budget balance into an even higher surplus in 2011.
environment, particularly evident in the ease of access to venture capital (3rd), has contributed to making Israel
macroeconomic environment (64th), where increased budgetary discipline with a view to reducing debt levels 121st) would help the country maintain stability and
environment should remain on the agenda and should be accompanied by growth-enhancing structural reforms. According to the GCI, there is significant room
macroeconomic environment has deteriorated over recent years to reach 138th position mainly because of widening fiscal deficit, rising public indebtedness
crime (90th) do not contribute to an environment that fosters competitiveness. Another major concern remains the health of the workforce, which is ranked
and a good security environment. Its labor markets are efficient, its financial markets are relatively well
Botswana†s macroeconomic environment remains of some concern and is ranked 81st this year. However Botswana†s primary weaknesses continue to be related
functioning institutional environment (52nd), with well -protected property rights, an independent judiciary and reasonably strong public trust in politicians.
improvement since last year, the institutional environment does not support a competitive economy because of concerns about the protection of property rights
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