indicators (KPIS) on the environment, economy and service quality •To analyse the role of advanced technical measures, the so-called green tech
environment. This shall be reached by implementing joint activities WP 4  †Implementation of Joint Acitivties
environment. The detailed categories of the questionnaire used to collect the necessary information are stated in the beginning of the subsequent section.
any law shaping Austriaâ'†s smart grid research environment explicitly Quite vast is the Smart Grids support in terms of research & development (R&d) and
Danish R&d environment is given by the document System Responsibility and Transmission Grid, which is available in Danish only
-Physical and Social Environment Development Action Plan (Estonian Later-Energy Sector State Development Plan up to year 2020 (Estonian
research environment (as presented in Table 22. The most relevant R&d funding programme in the context of Smart Grids is the Energy Technology Programme.
greater competitiveness of Estonia within the global research environment. Concrete research topics or areas are not content of this publication
/Physical and Social Environment Development Action Plan (Estonian) www. struktuurifondid. ee/public/OP2 21JUUNI2007 EST. pdf Energy Sector State Development Plan up to year 2020
designed by the Environment, Nature and Energy department (www. lne. be/en Table 25 National Official documents, Laws and Rules in the Flemish Region
and Technology in close cooperation with the Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety.
x Interrelation between the electrical system and the environment Scenarios, project information and platforms The results of the Rds for 2000-2005 and from 2006-present as well as activities
environment List of links to Latvian documents ï The following Table 47 lists all links to above mentioned Smart Grids related
The R&d support environment of the Nordic Region, represented by the research funding agency Nordic Energy Research (www. nordicenergy. net), is defined by both
The major documents building the environment for R&d in general in Slovenia are the Research and development Act, the Public Administration Act as well as the
pricing and protection of the environment Scenarios, project information and platforms Detailed information about single projects can be found in the Energy research data
-The built environment of The netherlands-Energy Innovation Agenda R&d Framework, Programmes & Policy The netherlands In 2008 the Innovatieagenda Energie (Energy Innovation Agenda) was published.
Furthermore, the document The built environment of The netherlands  †Energy Innovation Agenda gives  â€oean outlook on energy-neutral new construction and
The built environment of the Netherlands-Energy Innovation Agenda http://www. senternovem. nl/mmfiles/Energy%20innovation%20agenda%20
decentralised environment for open data 3. Educate a technology-savvy multidisciplinary workforce, and use all their powers
the environment and objects themselves However, we cannot expect the Internet by itself to drive innovation to help citi
about people, the environment and bio -metric and sensor data. The amount of data produced by open platforms and
and environment,(4) participation and open governance,(5) science, culture and education and (6) public services
Environment, Education and Skills, Culture and Arts, Work and Employment, Participation and Democracy, Neighbourhood Regeneration, Science
Another interesting example of collaborative innovation environments is the possibility of setting up Urban Labs in Cities.
test their products and services in a real environment. These pilot products and services have to respond to an unmet municipal need,
from people and the environment in order to create a new generation of products and services, fostering
-ning to aggregate the layers of data that increasingly permeate the urban environment, in order to create a new generation of products and services, fostering behavioural change9
learning environment Open standards A number of organisations affect DSI in Europe through acting as expert bodies on the
manages open information in an open environment. An OSN stands for an interoper -able sensor network, where many vendors or entities can connect their sensor solutions
wireless environment Sensor networks are the key infrastructures of a smart city, providing basic data on the
from the environment The explosion of new types of data analytics and machine learning means that it is no
issues concerning the public domain in the digital environment is one example of this, as is the work by the social innovation
LIPSE (researching innovation in public sector environments) are further examples of research activities and research networks aiming to further our understanding of DSI
-lance, prediction and control of people and the environment. However, as outlined by Rob Van Kranenburg, â€oesuccessful Iot means the best possible feedback on our physical
Energy and Environment Participation and Democracy Smart public services Science and technology Education and skills Culture and Arts
Energy and Environment Participation and Democracy Smart public services Science and technology Education and skills Culture and Arts
environment "ERGOLAB GAIA Fablabpalermo Factoryyouthzone Fullcirclearts Fairphone Fairplayalliance Firemny-Register. sk Farm2me Foam Folklabs Hernehillforum
environment "ERGOLAB GAIA Fablabpalermo Factoryyouthzone Fullcirclearts Fairphone Fairplayalliance Firemny-Register. sk Farm2me Foam Folklabs Hernehillforum
digital environment. Big data and cloud companies but also States have a lot of control over an individual†s online identity
-erative environment. Although every real innovation is a complex story of loops and jumps, there are various stages that most
to provide an environment conducive to openness and collaboration, while pre -serving citizens†rights and data protec
networks and to create collaborative work environments. In this context labs can be understood as spaces
Maker spaces (such as Fablabs), real-life testing and experimentation environments where users and producers can co
cut costs and improve the environment. Easier procurement could be a route to scale and higher impact †this requires attention to the details of how procurement is organised (e g. to make it easier for
74 http://ec. europa. eu/environment /beyond gdp/index en. html 75 http://www. oecdbetterlifeindex. org /76 http://www. nominettrust. org. uk/sites
Innovation friendly business environments for SMES...70 Research infrastructures, centres of competence and science parks...
dynamics of the entrepreneurial environment Regional assets: a strategy rooted in the regional specificities First, it is necessary to focus on the regional specific context,
should have a special focus on the regional entrepreneurial environment, assessing whether it is lively and can generate a significant flow of experiments, innovation ideas, or entrepreneurial
society, and environment shared by all stakeholders. The scenario constitutes the basis for developing a vision about where the region would like to be in the future,
business environment favourable to the creation of new SMES; existence of policies and instruments to
analysis (undertaken in an international environment and enlightening the spatial division of labour), context conditions for the operation of the cluster, labour market situation, etc
RIS3 processes can develop environments which both support and utilise user-centred innovation activities also with the aim of securing better
professions and they are fashioned invariably in action learning environments where there is a high degree of novelty associated with the activity.
competitiveness, environment, transports, etc When developing RIS3 strategies, Member States and regions need to take into account/be
on the relationship between the built environment and the natural environment. At its most fundamental level, this gives us four types of region, namely regions
environment and natural environment features, which uses three types of regions, namely predominantly urban regions, predominantly intermediate regions,
•Innovation friendly business environments for SMES •Research infrastructures, centres of competence and science parks
Innovation friendly business environments for SMES Why should an innovation-friendly business environment be part of smart
specialisation SMES are at the centre of the creation of jobs and growth at regional level
environment where proximity plays a key role for innovation, in particular regarding the spread and absorption of tacit knowledge.
SBA) which is a framework for building a more friendly business environment in Europe. Regional authorities should focus on the content of the SBA and ensure
environment and culture) can provide public authorities and private sectors with strategic advice, as well as experts to work directly on regional development
Systems, ecall), a cleaner environment and more efficient energy networks (smart grids, smart metering), inter-modal and sustainable cities (smart cities), new
environment that promotes traditional cultural assets (cultural heritage, touristic destinations, dynamic cultural institutions and services), stimulates the
the urban environment','Developing Business incubators,'Supporting the physical and economic regeneration of urban and rural areas and communities',etc
environment. In Rural development policy, a specific action targeting cultural heritage is foreseen 93 ICT-based cultural products, applications and services, the support to new
and improving the environment and promoting sustainable communities, and supporting the establishment of a sustainable, competitive and secure energy supply.
services, environment, mobility, energy, housing, waste and water management do not perceive themselves as having any role to play
129 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/sme/business-environment/public-procurement /105 The ERDF permits the strategic combination of investments in R&d&i capacity
frameworks include different strands of administration (e g. environment transport, industry, innovation) and allow the development of strategies that cover
147 http://ec. europa. eu/environment/gpp/index en. htm 107 •The Enterprise Europe Network also developed 3 networks of members
energy, environment, transport, land-use, education or social services. The coordination of different policies and different levels of government is always a
economy and getting the actors of innovation and environment working together Moreover, regions have to reflect on how to benefit from the fast-emerging green
environment and energy. This requires integrated and crosscutting approaches that combine innovation and sustainability into joint policies and programmes
environment from design to delivery and end-of-life As part of their innovation strategies for smart specialisation, public authorities at
environment, natural assets, renewable energy potential and climate impacts in the studies that will serve as a basis for the identification of the priorities
Environment, climate change and energy are specifically included in the draft new regulatory package, covering all shared managed funds
158 http://ec. europa. eu/environment/gpp/toolkit en. htm 159 http://ec. europa. eu/environment/emas/tools/index en. htm
160 http://www. e2b-ei. eu/e2bjti about. php? sse=3 110 Challenges in specific areas
Innovation friendly business environments for SMES Research infrastructures, centres of competence and science parks Universities
instruments to provide direct support and a favourable environment for growth of SMES. The major contributions from Horizon 2020 to SMES competitiveness are:
Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials SC5-20-2014/2015 Boosting the potential of small businesses for eco
ï Improve the business environment of the supported SMES by establishing open collaboration spaces that can involve innovation actors from different sectors and
these two methodologies as elements of a permanent peer learning environment and to give incentives to the agencies to engage more frequently in peer learning activities
stable environment with highly qualified staff The IMPÂ rove European Innovation Management Academy has the potential to assist the
First, by providing a capacity building environment for the innovation advisors (staff of Enterprise Europe Network) that work in regions with a weakly developed consulting base
5. Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials 6. Inclusive, innovative and reflective societies 7. Secure & innovative societies
protecting the environment, European research and innovation policy contributes to the individual and collective well-being
mobility of individuals and ideas are therefore fundamental requirements for research in a globally competitive environment
diversity, protecting the environment, combating poverty and social exclusion†in short, to creating a better society for
•Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials •Europe in a changing world-inclusive, innovative and reflective societies
that respects the environment •Making transport and transport systems seamless: better mobility, less congestion, greater safety and security
The Importance of the Environment The era of seemingly plentiful and cheap resources is coming
development and the environment. It is also an economic sector of growing importance for Europe with a turnover of some â 80
support the Environment Helping to build a green economy †a circular economy in sync
with the natural environment †is part of the answer The Societal Challenge †Climate action, environment, resource
efficiency and raw materials†will focus on investing in innovation for a green economy. This will require great progress in public
5. Climate Action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw materials  F ot ol ia c om
relating to †Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials†also relate to other challenges such as †Blue
Since 2007, the EU budget has financed close to 500 environment research projects, with more than 7, 000 participants, from 126
ensuring a secure and reliable digital environment in Europe 7. Secure and Innovative Societies Â
today's global market environment, various risks and opportunities provide reason for business to engage
environments in ways that create new strategic opportunities The Economic Opportunity Series is part of a growing effort within the business
unsupportive business environment regulation in developing countries, which keeps much economic activity in the informal sector. 16 But positive business environment trends are taking place.
The World Bank†s annual Doing Business rankings, which track business environment reforms across 178 countries,
unleash governments†competitive instincts and motivate governments to improve. Between April 2006 and June 2007
growing at twice the industry average. †19 With progressive business environment reform in many countries
and regulatory environments conducive to access and innovation. Whereas inclusive business models draw primarily on operational levers to expand economic
environment more generally 3. 1 Creating Inclusive Business models Inclusive business models in the ICT sector seem to take on one of two primary types:
environment information collected by IFC, the private sector arm of the World bank, in its Investment Climate
environment data, an intimate feel for the target markets gained through firsthand, on-the-ground experience
and dialogue on the enabling environment for m-transactions. Their 21 EO ICT GREY: Layout 1 14/3/08 15:13 Page 21
These are natural occurrences in environments of robust technological innovation, and in fact multiple standards can often be accommodated,
which have different cultures, operating environments, and incentives. Engagement or collaborative change management on the regulatory front will become increasingly important going forward, as
and helps governments improve the enabling environment for SMES to start up and grow However, there are formidable barriers facing SMES in developing countries.
environment: a shortage of network professionals. As the experience of that first school showed back in 1997
and Visa to help shape policy environments that strengthen the role of technology in sustainable development.
national, and local policy-makers in support of enabling environments for ICT to stimulate economic and social
Our work is influencing the way business leaders think about markets, profit, poverty and the environment WRI's Markets and Enterprise Program produces economically sound policies, bold vision,
a Austrian Research centers Seibersdorf, Systems Research Technology†Economy†Environment, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria b Department of City and Regional Development, University of Economics and Business Administration, Roã auer Laâ nde 23
environment than large firms (Smallbone et al. 2000 One of the consequences †as far as established firms
Innovative Environments: The European Experience. Routledge London Braczyk, H.,Cooke, P.,Heidenreich, R. Eds. 1998.
Environment. His research interest concerns innovation, technology, and economic develop -ment and organization. In several, partly Euro
Regional Studies, Environment and Planning, Papers of the Regional Science Association, European Planning Studies, Research Policy, and
environment which includes for example the scientific and institutional infrastructure of regions and localities as well as the institutional density of the territory. 7 An ideal-type
favourable RTD environment. In this regard, universities, science parks and the like may influence the level of RTD
environment conducive for learning processes. Recent research picked up this topic in discussing collective learning which is understood as the learning process between differ
With regard to RTD, this draws attention to both the environment which is needed for technical and scientific knowledge to be existent
, good entrepreneurial environments) and high diver -sity of social groups. For example, this is reflected in the general attractiveness of a re
policies to innovation policies and promoting a supportive environment, often in the context of regional development,
emphasizes the role that regional and national environments play in influencing RTD and innovation in firms.
-ters of innovative enterprises and the role of the external environment in fostering innova -tion (Lawson 1997.
an attractive environment for living 2. 3. 2. Is there a Role for Policy The question remains whether and in which ways regional agglomerations and regional
local environment is characterised by extensive inter-and intraregional linkages as well as 31 by comprehensive co-operation between large and small firms (Sternberg and Tamasy
successfully adapt to new changing environments and hasten their declineâ€. Audretsch 2000, cited in Demartino et al. 2006: 7). This also implies that regional actors need to
university environment, and Boston/Route 128, which has been chosen for its dem -onstrated potential to overcome a crisis
and environment as key arguments for investing and living in Montpellier. This is ac -47 companied by special support services for firms planning to localise in Montpellier
in the international competitive environment (Dei Ottati 2004, 1996b. For instance, as a reaction to the downturn phase in the 1980s, the business models changed:
The example of Prato shows how a region in a traditional economic environment with a rather low R&d level can perform well by benefiting from spatial and social prox
its natural environment determining the quality of life within 63 a region, its industry base and market structures.
of entrepreneurial behavioural patterns in †Low Trust†and †High Trust†environments of East and West
Environment and Planning A 34,429-449 Malmberg, A.,Ã. SÃ lvell and I. Zander (1996:
Regional differences in environment for enterprises. Entrepreneurship & Regional De -velopment 11,187-202 Rizzoni, A. 1991:
environment). ) The OECD WPIIS12 proposes a definition of e-business as"automated business processes (both intra-and inter-firm) over computer mediated networks"(OECD
European Federation for Transport and Environment European Logistics Association European Freight and Logistics Leaders Club
However, the disadvantage of this situation rely in its harmful effects on the environment road construction, land use for parking, emissions etc.
environment and public concerns without compromising the competitiveness of the transport system and of the economy
protect the environment; ensure energy security promote minimum labour standards for the sector; protect passengers and citizens
Transport and environment: on the way to a new common transport policy. TERM 2006: indicators tracking transport and environment in the European union
37 Tostmann S.,(2004) Trends in European Transportation †Challenges and Opportunities for the Supply Chain, Business Briefing:
Transport and environment: on the way to a new common†ibid 47 Freight Transport Logistics in Europe †the key to sustainable mobility†ibid
people, while at the same time minimising the impact on the environment. European cities increasingly face problems caused by transport and traffic.
solutions for public transport-in terms of comfort, quality, security and environment †is illustrated by Värmlandstrafik AB case study,
environments also creates a number of challenges for citizens. A holistic vision at the local level would be needed to consider all urban logistics together as a single logistics
-Towards a thematic strategy on the urban environment E-business in the transport & logistics industry
concrete and achievable goals for the environment for the different regional authorities Road safety remains a major concern.
The current business environment requires that companies cut inventory and operational costs, and optimise supply chain management (SCM.
and environment, the European Commission has launched a wide-ranging public consultation on the policy issues and
variety of operational conditions, environments and applications, enterprises that commit to the RFID journey are
More and more the Internet is becoming a major part of the corporate environment and driving decisions. The new capabilities to use the Internet to supply large amounts of
move from isolated information systems toward an integrated environment in every business organisation. Current opinion holds that Internet-based supply chain integration
the term ERP originated in the manufacturing environment, today's use of the term ERP
to the ERP environment requires a considerable amount of effort for change management. This step constitutes the single most important and most difficult step for
environment The use of applications and practices supporting the electronic exchange of information between companies occurs simultaneously with close relations with business partners
environment (see Section 5. 2 These cases were selected in order to illustrate how two different sized firms can
environment substantially. Allen et al identifies the changes in the supply chain management practices that have a growing impact on city traffic and on the related urban
environment. These are: 102 An increase in the intensity of daily and weekly deliveries A bigger proportion of larger and heavier vehicles appearing on the streets, driven
quality of information in an environment of multiple and small supplier, as it is the case for Saima Avandero in Italy
SMES since the solution is managed by specialists in a controlled technical environment Another point that AIT would like to improve in the future is the creation of Business
change of the market environment due to railway liberalisation. Following the liberalisation, the market situation of intermodal traffic has changed:
-communication infrastructure and operating in an international environment face the same issue. These cost factors should be taken into account
of guaranteeing a good quality of information in an environment of multiple and small supplier, as it is the case for Saima Avandero in Italy
passenger comfort, security and environment and controlling the respect of the requirements and the activity of the operators
quality, security and environment Another important driving force to implement a solution was that the PTAS in Sweden
security, quality, and environment 5. 12.2 E-business activities The solution chosen by Värmlandstrafik had been developed initially by Nordic Port and
up concrete and achievable goals for the environment for the different regional authorities 5. 12.5 References
Now there is a positive market environment to attain this goal: driven by market requirements, and enabled by technological advances
strategy on the urban environment COM (2005) 474, final. Implementing the Community Lisbon Programme: A Policy Framework to
Transport and environment: on the way to a new common transport policy. TERM 2006: indicators tracking transport and environment in the European union
E-Logistics, Free Essays, Cliff Notes and Term Paper Database. Available at http://www. essays. cc/free essays/b2/utv192. shtml
and trustworthy digital environment, enabling citizens to manage and protect their identities and personal data when they interact in the networked digital society
care for the environment to support future growth 40 Living in a secure and trustworthy society 33
and leisure activities will be monitored in the users†home environment. The information will increase patients†self-awareness and activity and assist medical and scientific professional
environment: these are just some examples of the benefits Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) can bring to people.
EIP on AHA identifies (e g. prevention, integrated care, age-friendly environments adherence to prescription Helping elderly people to live
starts by improving their living conditions in their own environment, and facilitating their social life and contacts.
Key information on the environment where the person lives and on his/her clinical parameters are sent to a Contact Centre
-autonomous multi-role shadow robots in home environments •A safety-oriented framework derived through extensive usability and user acceptance
•Runtime support, a software environment providing services for the execution of AAL applications •Development support,
acceptance, integration in a domestic environment and suitability for social interaction. The results have been taken into account in the deployment of the marketable product
environment The portable device has customised a alarm protocol that enables the elderly to carry on the usual daily activities in a safer and more comfortable fashion
and environment and pollution http://www. open-dai. eu /Similarly, the eenviper project (2012-2014) will integrate relevant processes and
is its extension to our digital environment. Indeed, our economy and society are now highly dependent on Information and
regulatory environment for electronic identification and trust services for electronic transaction in the internal market to boost the user convenience
management an evolving environment that becomes more challenging every day The DEMONS project seeks to build a novel
The project will demonstrate the results in a production-like environment through inter and intra-domain trials.
The Future Internet will provide an environment in which a diverse range of services are offered by a diverse range of suppliers.
changing service environment. The project is aligning existing and developing new technology, methods, tools and security
and care for the environment to support future growth How to foster economic growth while respecting the environment and coping with a growing
shortage in resources? Sustainable growth †i e. a long-term development pattern in line with the planet†s ecological capacity-is one of
cities into smart intelligent and sustainable environments. Almost three quarters of Europeans live in cities, consuming 70%of the EU€ s energy.
environment for users to gain awareness, understanding and experience associated with energy saving attitudes. The main objective of SAVE
which vehicles sense their environment and assist the driver or wirelessly â€oetalk†to each other or the road infrastructure.
of these systems on road safety, mobility, driver behaviour and the environment. The impact was assessed through a comprehensive technical and socioeconomic evaluation
Cooperative systems can also help transport to have less impact on the environment Project ecomove is based on the idea that, for a given trip by a particular driver in
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