COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
2. 2. 1. 3 Commercial communications and regulated professions (Articles 6-8 ECD. 13 2. 2. 1. 4 Electronic contracting (Articles 9-11 ECD...
1 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Single Market Act, Twelve levers to boost growth and
2 Communication from the Commission, Europe 2020, A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, COM (2010) 2020 final, 03.03.2010;
3 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, A Digital Agenda for Europe, COM (2010) 245 final/2
announced in the Communication"Towards a Single Market Act"7, the European Commission wants to explore the various reasons for the limited take off of retail e
in the Communication"Towards a Single Market Act.""9 The analysis presented below covers information society services,
7 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Towards a Single Market Act, For a highly competitive
and the Communication is partly based on the results of an open public consultation carried out between August and
communications, in particular from regulated professions;(5) the development of online press services;( (6) the interpretation of the provisions concerning the liability of intermediary
This document constitutes one of the two annexes to the Communication"A coherent framework to boost confidence in the Digital Single Market of e-commerce and other online
The second annex to the Communication identifies the latest trends in business-to-consumer e-commerce in the EU and examines the potential benefits for consumers if current obstacles
"20 Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the †Communication from the Commission to
certain information requirements, commercial communications, electronic contracting and the liability regime for online intermediaries. The Directive does not apply to a number of areas
permissibility of unsolicited commercial communications by e-mail. The conditions under which Member States may derogate from the Internal Market clause must be regarded as
means of communication"."46 The judgment implies that service providers cannot limit themselves to offering an e-mail address accessible for their customers through the website
They must also provide for other forms of direct communication. 47 44 The information requirements do not prevent Member States from imposing additional information
2. 2. 1. 3 Commercial communications and regulated professions (Articles 6-8 ECD Article 6 of the ECD emphasises the need for transparency when advertisements are displayed
communications (including promotional offers, discounts, premiums, promotional competitions or games) meet certain transparency requirements. Both the commercial
communication and the natural or legal person responsible for it must be clearly identifiable and any conditions attached to the offers,
the sending of unsolicited commercial communications("spams")by e-mail. Those Member States permitting unsolicited commercial communication must ensure that such
communication is clearly and unambiguously identifiable, and that service providers respect the opt out registers to which natural persons not wishing to receive such commercial
communications can sign up In practice it is not always easy to define notions such as"unsolicited"and"commercial".
"For example, not every unsolicited e-mail may be classified as"spam"."The term"unsolicited"has posed particular problems in the context of"tell-a-friend"services.
Unsolicited commercial communication is covered also by other consumer rules such as the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive. 50 One of the practices which Annex I of the UCP
ECD rule requirement for the commercial communications to be"clearly and unambiguously identifiable"remains applicable
professions may use commercial communications online, subject to compliance with such professional rules governing the independence, honour and dignity of the profession.
communications for such professions The Services Directive complements the rules on online commercial communications set out
in the ECD. According to Article 24 (1) of Directive 2006/12352, Member States shall remove
all total prohibitions on commercial communications by the regulated professions. The obligation to remove all"blanket"prohibitions also covers national legislation which only
prohibition of commercial communication, which is allowed not under Article 24 (1) of the Services Directive. 53
level related to the use of commercial communications. Certain professions such as accountants, lawyers, doctors, pharmacists and real estate agents established EU codes of
contracts concluded exclusively by e-mail or by equivalent individual communications 57 The acknowledgement of receipt and the revision mechanism do not apply to contracts concluded
exclusively by e-mail or by equivalent individual communications 58 ECC-Net, Online Cross-border Mystery Shopping:
communication sector. The latter adds to the rules on"spam"in the ECD and regulates confidentiality of communications (See Chapter 4. 1. 2. 2). The UCP Directive68 (2005
is also relevant for the application of Articles 6 and 7 E-commerce Directive (see Chapter 4. 2. 3
•In addition, the prohibition of any commercial communications for regulated professions according to Article 24 Services Directive69 has supplemented the
75 See the Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European parliament and the European
the US has been introduced in the Communications Decency Act118, would ensure that taking voluntary actions would in principle not be punished
125 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, A Single Market for Intellectual Property
Communication announces a review of the Enforcement Directive that should in particular find ways to combat â€oeinfringements of IPR via the internet more effectively"by"tackling the infringements at their
that its introduction could lead to the blocking of lawful communications"(paragraph 52 The Court concludes that"Consequently,
145 See in particular the Commission Communication"A Digital Agenda for Europe",COM (2010) 245 of
-communication-en. pdf 146 See: http://www. thuiswinkel. org/engelstalig/-new/home/homepage-thuiswinkel 147 See:
Recent studies suggest that unsolicited commercial communication or spam accounts for more than 90%of global e-mail traffic. 159 Spam is popular
communications services or of public communications networks and amending Directive 2002/58/EC), OJ L 105/54, 13.04.2006;
160 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on unsolicited commercial communications or"spam
"COM (2004) 28 final, p. 4, available at: http://eur -lex. europa. eu/Lexuriserv/Lexuriserv. do?
communications. Users must give their prior consent before communications for the purposes of direct marketing may be addressed to them.
This opt-in system applies to e-mail as well as text messages and other electronic messages received on any fixed or mobile terminal
whose behalf the communication is made. It requires the disclosure of a valid address to exercise the right to request that such
communications cease. Also, Article 13 (6) allows any legal person adversely affected by spam, such as internet service providers, to protect their business and their customers by
162 DG INFSO/B2 Communications Committee Working Document, COCOM10-34,20. 10.2010 available at: http://circa. europa. eu/Public/irc/infso/cocom1/library?
communication over an electronic communications network, "or secondly, if the processing is "strictly necessary in order for the provider of an information society service explicitly
171 See the Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the Economic and
Furthermore, the Commission Communication on the benefits of telemedicine for patients healthcare systems and society, 178 aims at enabling the wider deployment of telemedicine
This Communication will be complemented by a Staff 175 Directive 2011/62/EU of the European parliament and of the Council of 8 june 2011 amending Directive
"accompanying the Communication on e-commerce, consumers are missing out from the full benefits of e-commerce, that is lower prices and a wider choice,
businesses reach clients through advertising or other forms of commercial communications Many small and emerging companies depend on online advertising to facilitate their market
when developing online commercial communications. In this context, Article 24 (1) of the Services Directive requires Member States to remove total bans in so far as such bans concern
All audiovisual commercial communications (TV and on-demand) must be readily recognizable not use subliminal techniques;
been raised to what extent the commercial communications rules of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive also apply to new services such as the online social networks
way to inspire trust and confidence among users of e-communications and online services The Code will build on the prototype of the eyou Guide, the online information tool for
The Commission Communication on the open Internet and net neutrality in Europe193 reports several instances of blocking of legal services (in particular of Voice-over-Internet-Protocol
The Communication furthermore recalls that the Commission reserves its right to assess under Articles 101 and
193 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of Regions, The open internet and net neutrality in Europe, COM (2011) 222
On 24 may 2011 the Commission published a Communication with the aim of boosting the Single Market for Intellectual Property rights. 197 The new Intellectual Property Strategy
197 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, A Single Market for Intellectual Property rights
On 12 december 2011, the Commission adopted the strategy in a Communication to the European parliament and to the Council.
The Communication is accompanied by a proposal for modifying the PSI Directive (the main element of the legal framework for reuse), notably
Communication on unfair B2b practices in the (retail) supply chain with the particular aim of
as outlined in the recent Communication on Internet network neutrality. In the first half of 2012, it will report on its analysis of the implementation of the
and open to all communication channels, including the Internet and mobile communications As a first step a public consultation on e-identification, e-authentication and e-signatures was
237 Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Action Plan on e-signatures and e-identification to
238 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Single Market Act, Twelve levers to boost growth and
In its Communication"Reaping the benefits of electronic invoicing for Europe",246 the European commission identified the key hurdles
With the exponential growth and use of electronic means of communication, customers increasingly need to send
246 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Reaping the benefits of electronic invoicing for
284 The Gallup Organization for DG Communication, Flash Eurobarometer 300, Retailers†attitudes towards cross-border trade and consumer protection, March 2011, p 79, available at
online would allow savings in terms of time and ease of communication between the parties In 2009, more than half of complaints (55.9%)received by the ECC-Net (see below) were
2012 (Initiative 110 in the Annex to the Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the
On 6 december 2011, the Commission adopted a Communication drawing conclusions from this consultation on the future of VAT and identify appropriate priority areas for action at EU
Respondents to the e-commerce communication have stressed the importance of strengthening these networks in order to contribute to the Digital Single
proceedings (for example, e-mediation) and to enhance the communication between judicial authorities. 308 306 Commission Staff Working Document, Accompanying document to the Green Paper on the future of VAT
307 Commission Communication on the future of VAT, Towards a simpler, more robust and efficient VAT
http://ec. europa. eu/taxation customs/resources/documents/taxation/vat/key documents/communications/co m 2011 851 en. pdf 308 See the Council†s Multi-Annual European e-Justice Action Plan 2009-2013,2009/C 75/01, 31.3.2009
309 Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Court of Justice, the Court of Auditors, the European Investment Bank, the European Economic and Social
Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, A Digital Agenda for Europe, COM (2010) 245 of
-communication-en. pdf 317 See Recital 58, ECD 108 also arise in the context of notice-and-takedown procedures.
communications and other provisions of the E-commerce Directive •by requiring the full transposition of the E-commerce Directive in Association
2. 2. 1. 3 Commercial communications and regulated professions (Articles 6-8 ECD 2. 2. 1. 4 Electronic contracting (Articles 9-11 ECD
The main driver of open innovation is inherently communication between stakeholders. In IBM€ s recent CEO study, more than three quarters of the 765 CEOS queried cited collaboration and
contribution to facilitating the new communication and collaboration techniques, especially by the growth of the Internet, through social networking, Web conferencing and instant messaging
with the lack of trust in the partner and poor communication among collaborators about common
the performance, tenure and communication patterns of 50 R&d project groupsâ€, R&d Management, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 7-19
Communications Networks, Contents and Technology O pen Innovation 2. 0 †Yearbook 2014 Open Innovation 2. 0
-math of the financial crisis, and also youth engage -ment to innovation The third section is highlighting the best practises
Communication Technology (ICT) maturity indices It is important to note that Europe is traditionally stronger in research output and weaker in innov
powerful communication networks can be when enabling large groups of individuals to collaborate A second core characteristic of the OI2 paradigm
Communications of the ACM 19 (7: 395†405 Mulgan, G.,with Tucker, S.,Ali, R,
-tion with mobile communication. Mobile handsets were used, and local proximity communication †NFC †was combined with remote mobile chan
-nels, to identify products and retrieve relevant information from back office servers. NFC †both its reader-writer function and its card emulation
S2. 1 Communication 1 1 1 1 4 S2. 2 Collaboration 1 1 2 S3. 1 Collective Intelligence 1 1
communication between people of different skills and background gives rise to breakthroughs and last but certainly not least, that innovation has to
communication society. The KICS and their impact on Europe†s competitiveness are discussed below Before reaching this first milestone,
innovation to happen, communication across dis -ciplines is key. Based on the advice of Gottfried Schatz, the former president of The swiss Research
information and communication society and KIC Innoenergy focused on sustainable energy. Each of the KICS defines its own legal structure and gov
-mation and communication society. It has devel -oped a †catalyst-carrier model†that is based on
for interactions and communications. Also the horizontal programme level working groups on Figure 2: FI-PPP Programme governance architecture (situation by end of 2013
This new role simplified the communications and representation of the FI-PPP programme towards the broader stakeholder audiences
communication patterns Relations management with key stakeholders Increased networking with stakeholder communities Process based management
communications Limited to debates regarding effective governance Cross-programme dialogues in working groups Dialogues including external
communication and collaboration. However, the ambition to become a sustainable ecosystem after lifetime will require the programme organisation
Communications of the ACM, Vol. 54 No 10, pp. 21†24 7) Eisenmann, T.,Parker, G.,Van alstyne, M. 2006
communication, vehicle integration systems, and internal sensors, as well as the technologies needed to integrate the vehicle diagnostics into public net
Traditional communications efforts to educate the public of the benefits of the initiative are not suf
communication efforts and campaigns all over the state, on another level, there have been public dis -cussions with newly elected government officials and
a cross-stage communication and dissemination process •A European network of business incubators and
pan-European communication campaign at the tar -get communities, to apply to the Openeyifâ¢open
Cross-Stage Communication and Dissemination The Framework foresees a 360 degree integrated approach for communication of the open call for
ideas and participation as well as the dissemination of results, which will engage and mobilise different pan European communities,
The Cross-Stage Communication and Dissemination of the Openeyif 119 entrepreneurial training, workshops, seminars business networking,
on, low friction communication, the boundaries between the worlds we all inhabit individually and collectively are blurred progressively and indis
communication link between the funders and the company, whereby the funders can offer feedback and suggestions for the product
Establishing a strong communication link between the business owner and the crowd paves the way
information, monitoring and communication have been brought together. Sharing content and creativ -ity through the Internet will create new and better
controlled through communication as needed. Sus -tainable energy, sustainable water and sustainable material use will become essential part of citizens
-mation and communication technologies, the pro -cesses and practices of creating innovative product or service are evolving at an increasingly rapid pace
and communication technology In the past years considerable attention is drawn to this topic trying to solve the issue of the effect
-based information and communication technologies that simplify the relationship with stakeholder groups and enable new ways of networked collaboration
of online information and communication technologies (ICTS) and Web 2. 0-based applica -tions. The rapid development of these technologies
effective communication have been identified as obstacles Interviewee 6: â€oethe difficulty is to find the right customer for a new product.
Effects of the Internet on the marketing communication of service companies, Journal of Services Marketing, 19 (2), pp. 63-69
Cross-disciplinary and cross-industry communication around specific projects released energy and creativity among the partners involved.
5. Open innovation also means openness in communication and in reporting among the innovation partners.
5. Open innovation also means openness in communication and in reporting among innovation partners. Partners must trust each other on charging a reasonable price for the products or
and future of the concept, Communications of the Association for Information systems, Vol. 16,1-25-25; Shafer, M. S.,Smith, H. J. and Linder, J. C. 2005), The
origins, present and future of the concept, Communications of the Association for Information systems Chapter 4
Organization/culture Balancing innovation and daily tasks, communication problems, aligning partners organization of innovation Resources Costs of innovation, time needed
and communication problems within and between organizations 34 Table 10. Barriers to different types of open innovation
tasks, and communication problems within and between organizations The availability of time and resources is another barrier
communication problems, aligning partners organization of innovation 35 Resources Costs of innovation, time needed 5
a look at performance, tenure and communication patterns of 50 R&d project groups. R&d Management 12, 7†19
partnership attributes, communication behavior, and conï ict resolu -tion techniques. Strategic Management Journal 15, 135†152
tasks, and communication problems within and between organizations The availability of time and resources is another barrier
communication problems, aligning partners organization of innovation 35 Resources Costs of innovation, time needed 5
a look at performance, tenure and communication patterns of 50 R&d project groups. R&d Management 12, 7†19
partnership attributes, communication behavior, and conï ict resolu -tion techniques. Strategic Management Journal 15, 135†152
Cross-disciplinary and cross-industry communication around specific projects released energy and creativity among the partners involved.
5. Open innovation also means openness in communication and in reporting among the innovation partners.
5. Open innovation also means openness in communication and in reporting among innovation partners. Partners must trust each other on charging a reasonable price for the products or
and future of the concept, Communications of the Association for Information systems, Vol. 16,1-25-25; Shafer, M. S.,Smith, H. J. and Linder, J. C. 2005), The
origins, present and future of the concept, Communications of the Association for Information systems Chapter 4
aviation and in communication technology European commission, 2007: 54 Looking at patent data, it appears that in the patent
and communication technologies (ICT), the Key Figures 2008†2009 Report showed that the share of
excluding communication technology), since ex -plaining the causes of differential performances of Europe in the two broad areas of ICT would deserve
progressing information and communications technology in the second half of the 1990s, fol -lowed by rapid productivity growth in the mar
corporate research in Information and Communications Tech -nology (ICT. In Change, Transformation and Development J S Metcalf and U Cantner (eds..
-communications industry. In Change, Transformation and De -velopment, J S Metcalfe and U Cantner (eds..
the European information and communication technology in -dustry. International Journal of Innovation Management, 2 (3
Brief was prepared by empirica Communication and Technology Research, Bonn, Germany. The principal author is Stefan Lilischkis.
-pean Commission†s â€oeinnovation Union†Communication of October 2010, one of seven flagships of the
ï Infrastructure includes physical infrastructure for transportation, communication (e g. broadband energy/water as well as institutions for security, health education and the legal system
Facilities for transport, communication, energy/water Institutions for security, health education, legal system (e g. employment and bankruptcy law
Facilities for transport, communication, energy/water Institutions for security, health education, legal system (e g. employment and bankruptcy law
Transport, storage and communications; Financial intermediation; Real estate renting and business activities ***Employer enterprises with fewer than 250 employees
as communication, biotech, software, new materials. An evaluation of Magneton found that most of the pro
-tions and Communications; items 7-10 take a European perspective and require co-operation between
Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee
Brief was prepared by empirica Communication and Technology Research, Bonn, Germany. The principal author is Stefan Lilischkis.
-pean Commission†s â€oeinnovation Union†Communication of October 2010, one of seven flagships of the
ï Infrastructure includes physical infrastructure for transportation, communication (e g. broadband energy/water as well as institutions for security, health education and the legal system
Facilities for transport, communication, energy/water Institutions for security, health education, legal system (e g. employment and bankruptcy law
Facilities for transport, communication, energy/water Institutions for security, health education, legal system (e g. employment and bankruptcy law
Transport, storage and communications; Financial intermediation; Real estate renting and business activities ***Employer enterprises with fewer than 250 employees
as communication, biotech, software, new materials. An evaluation of Magneton found that most of the pro
-tions and Communications; items 7-10 take a European perspective and require co-operation between
Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee
''Information'and'communication'technologies'(ICTS)' can'facilitate'the'spread'of'social'innovation 'because'they'are'able'to'process'significant'volumes'of'information
communication! for! central! purchasing! bodies!( (originally! expected! by! midc2014);!)( c! use of! electronic! means! of!
communication! for! all the! contracting! authorities! and! all! the procurement! procedures!(by! midc2016.!Moreover,!, more! detailed!
'b)' use'of'electronic'means'of'communication'for'central'purchasing'bodies'(originally'expected'by'midq2014;'(
'c)' use'of'electronic'means'of'communication'for'all'the'contracting'authorities'and'all'the'procurement'procedures'(by'midq2016.'
awareness-raising and communication, networking coordination or support services, policy dialogues and mutual learning exercises and studies, including design
g) establishing a communication plan to raise awareness of Europeana among the general public and notably in schools, in collaboration with the cultural
Communications/Energy/Regional Climate Change Strategy 98 Section 7: Community & Social 105 Section 8:
DCENR Department of Communications Energy and Natural resources Doehlg Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local government
ICT Information & Communications Technology ICZM Integrated Coastal Zone Management IDA Industrial Development Agency INTERREG EU Community Initiative that helps
energy and communications; education, healthcare, retail and community facilities; environmental protection. In addition, they have taken account of the changed global and
The provision of advanced communications infrastructure is vital to the region and to the development of a
3. To deliver first class energy and communications 4. To foster urban regeneration and improved quality of life for all
As part of the Department of Communications, Energy and Natural resources (DCENR) considerations for a Phase III of the Broadband Programme,
the smaller centres and rural areas through physical connections such as good communications, energy, roads or 64
communication networks To improve water services infrastructure in compliance with all environmental legislation and the River basin
There is a significant opportunity for planning authorities, the Department of Communications, Energy and Natural resources, Fá
Communications /Energy/Regional Climate Change Strategy 98 Regional Planning Guidelines for the Southeast Region 2010-2022
Communications/Energy/Regional Climate Change Strategy 99 99 6. 1 Communications The Regional Authority recognises
The importance of advanced communications infrastructure for an information-based society in terms of regional accessibility and as a key support for business education and research
The need for clustering of potential customers of information technology infrastructure to provide a basis on
Communications/Energy/Regional Climate Change Strategy 100101 101 PPO 6. 3 It is an objective of the Regional Authority that local authorities, the private sector, energy pro
Communications/Energy/Regional Climate Change Strategy 101 101 6. 2. 4 Gas The Regional Authority will support the extension of the natural gas network to the centres of industry and
Communications/Energy/Regional Climate Change Strategy 102103 103 6. 2. 8 Energy efficiency 6. 2. 8. 1 Building Energy Directive
Communications/Energy/Regional Climate Change Strategy 103 103 The principal measures in the National Climate Change Strategy include
Communications Development Plan Policy should make provision for Installation of carrier neutral ducting in conjunction with all significant civil works such as roads, water
Communications/Energy/Regional Climate Change Strategy 104105 •The development is required in order to facilitate the provision or retention of significant economic or
-cant substations, communication hubs, wastewater treatment plants etc. has major implications both for those in the area and across the region.
3. TO DELIVER FIRST CLASS ENERGY AND COMMUNICATIONS A. Continued development of broadband technologies (including broadband loop unbundling) with provision
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