NON CLASSIFIE UNCLASSIFIED Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Organisation de Coopã ration et de DÃ veloppement Economiques
and include not only R&d based new products and services, but also improved designs and processes and the
industry and associated services, and to adjust accordingly the management and objectives of public R&d
nonfinancial innovation advice such as consulting services recruitment of university graduates and skilled personnel; awareness of new ideas and technologies;
and introduce new products and services. Rothwell (1989 suggests that small firms can have an innovative advantage due to differences in management structures
growth firms and research oriented consultancies which include engineering services, technology consultants, and (2) R&d boutiques.
services, high tech8, R&d services. 50%are technical service companies (ICT, R&d Both from manufacturing and
services, but less from the high tech sectors Low tech manufacturing industry; rarely from services
industries AGE Younger companies than average (33%are less than 5 years against 24%for all
participants in FP 59%were created over 10 years ago 64%of were created more than 10 years ago
in certain activities--from plant watering to specialised legal services--better than a giant corporation.
order to provide services, such as training, to customers. While such services could be contracted out, the
asset specificity of the product, combined with its high technological sophistication, virtually bundles the service component with the manufactured product
and networking services which the region†s enterprises often cannot afford individually. These networks defy sectoral barriers
entry of new, specialised firms since complementary inputs and services are more likely to be available in
management contracts, franchises, technical services agreements, turnkey projects, and subcontracts Finally, the third set of factors are those
knowledge intensive services non-high tech manufacturers Source: Clarysse and Duchã ne, 2000 75. The SMES participating in the Fourth Framework Programme are not representative of the total
describes the types of consultancy services innovation agencies can offer, using Business Links as an
Types of services, including consultancy that are offered by Business Links 19,4 6, 3 2, 5
such as scanning or consulting services â'They need help recruiting university graduates and other skilled personnel
positioned to provide these services. First, these bodies often operate at a national or regional level and
innovation services are most effective when decentralised and local. Second, these institutions are bureaucratic and technical,
and multidimensional, services should be offered by organisations that combine business and technical WK1 30 skills.
the regional innovation centres offer services of varying quality; governments are unsure how long or even whether they should be subsidised;
and Reboud (2008) considered innovation to be related to new products or services, new production processes, new marketing techniques,
introduction of new or improved processes, products or services based on new scientific or technical knowledge and/or organizational know-how. â€
or services, new production processes, new marketing techniques, and new organizational or managerial structures. Innovation may also involve new technology, intellectual property, and
the introduction of products or services, or the process of producing them (Kimberly and Evanisko 1981.
developing new products and services at the firm. R&d is incorporated in the second type of
services: A firm-level analysis. Cambridge Journal of Economics 30 (3), 435†458 Camagni, R. 1991.
-disciplinary research projects and innovation services. She joined inno as a consultant in economic development and policy evaluation
profits on the markets with new products/services. Moreover, an increasingly complex innovation system combining †open†innovation approaches with closed ones requires more
How to develop the marketing of innovation and of innovative products and services This challenge is particularly true with regard to the promoting of internationalisation and
including government services such as health or education. However, for the current thematic analysis, the focus is solely on
and delivered business support services in the regions The main tools/facilities used by CIP to support innovation activities were
It is designed principally to strengthen the role and innovation services of the Enterprise Europe Network-EEN under this programme
a great market for innovative products and services and yield benefits for both public and private sectors
•Better products and services •Initiatives towards solving societal challenges In 2009, public procurements accounted for about 19%of the European Union†s GDP,
services provided by the Regional Innovation Agencies ERIK ACTION http://www. eriknetwork. net/erikaction /Upgrading the innovation
marketable products and services •Weaknesses in networking •Lack of internal research capabilities •Shortage of financial resources
This will increase the range and quality of services available to SMES, as well as strengthening international networking
%It can be used to finance a wide variety of services: technical feasibility studies, tests, product characterization, prototypes, market survey, technical state of
demand in the field of innovation services. Calls for proposals focused on innovation were financed from an Innovation Fund.
launched a call for R&d services in the regions in which SMES could apply. Ã szak-Alfã ld
in order to improve their products and/or services facilities, equipment, and other necessary modifications. The mechanism also aimed to promote
consulting services (training, advice on intellectual property rights, market research technology transfer services, and technological assistance, etc
This GP was adapted successfully in Valencia via the creation of a new funding instrument 31
o World trade center Almere, where all international services are available to stimulate international entrepreneurship and innovation
the INNOHUBS and the SMART+projects promoted GPS offering, among other services, training courses and consultancy in innovative tools for SMES
and procure goods and services in international markets Assistance is provided in two different phases i) Inception:
and real added-value services were deployed at local level for the final beneficiaries. This was a small-scale measure with a good
capital services 45 GPS described in the ERIK ACTION Good Practices Report: http://www. eriknetwork. net/erikaction/index. html
and develop products/services/technologies together. This increases the regional and national competitiveness of the country.
services from research results. It also facilitates a link between universities and businesses converting scientific knowledge into economic activity,
Most GPS addressed services to support cluster management/development improvement •SMART+52 o regionet, sub-project to improve network/cluster management
-related services. The support consists of 4 pillars o Grant for the labour costs of the innovation assistant
o Cluster Management Services, to strengthen cooperation between cluster members MINI-EUROPE particularly focused on GPS related to cluster management improvement with three of
technical services (§3. 2. 1 Very high Venture capital Funds MINI-EUROPE Financial Engineering Financial engineering involving guarantees, revolving funds and
consulting services (§3. 2. 1 High Private/Public Loans ERIK-ACTION FAME Bank loans for innovation projects ensured by guarantees from
of technical services, as addressed in MINI-EUROPE, DISTRICT+and PERIA. This measure can typically reach up to 1 000 SMES per year of implementation with a quick impact in terms
innovative products, processes or services. This has notably been the case of PERIA with measures such as International Cooperation Visits and Participation in Foreign Trade Fairs as
and to help them stay up to date with innovation support services and policies. The RDT Bretagne GP (ERIK ACTION),
finance, such as peer-to-peer lending services or crowdsourcing (fund-raising for specific projects from individuals, normally using web platforms to reach scale.
enterprises to increase the development or uptake of eco-innovation products and services. It proposed
the right level of support services Figure 10: DISTRICT+-Content Analysis Shortage of financial resources for
Within specific technological sectors, the poles deliver advanced services to strengthen the links between the research and the business systems
cluster of innovation support services and (3) to favour the establishment of industrial clusters. This
further new paths for the provision of new services, including those based on massive volumes of data
for improved provision of services that could be followed by other projects 66 Upgrading the innovation capacity of existing firms:
SMES can reposition themselves and their innovative products and services in the market, thus contributing to their growth
their products and/or services, facilities, equipment, and other necessary modifications. The mechanism also aimed to promote investment in developing strategic areas such as quality, new technologies
The services are provided by local advisors or hired-in professionals. Regular training sessions also take place in the centre and market
research/business intelligence services are available. Company growth is associated always with product or process innovation. Its approach to sustainability is important:
offers free services to support SMES in all phases of innovation development. It can go from a simple
to help its members develop innovating services and products to locals and tourists in their villages.
and procure goods and services in international markets. Assistance is provided in two different phases: i) inception:
products, services and processes. The food sector always needs to adapt to consumers and social
and develop products, services & technologies together. This increases the regional and national competitiveness of the country.
of knowledge into new and marketable products and services, through the sharing of experiences and
•Technology transfer services and other SMES/Universities joint R&d collaborative programmes or business cooperation
Services Cluster mgmt Innovation vouchers Young Innovative Enterprise contract (loans New products by design (new staff
000 for consulting services (training, advice on intellectual property rights, market research, technology transfer services, and technological assistance, etc
Innovation Vouchers (Innovalis †Aquitaine, France: The innovation vouchers help micro enterprises to start an innovation process by building up a first technological partnership with a service
finance a wide variety of services: technical feasibility studies, tests, product characterization prototypes, market survey, technical state of the art, modelling,
portfolio of activities and measures for regions wishing to enhance the services provided by their Regional Innovation Agencies
The Role of Innovative Services in the Tourism Market to Support Regional Development (Smart Tourism):
a bottom-up call for proposals open for six topics (Consulting Services for SMES, Cooperation between SME & Research Institutes, Financial services for SMES, Company-based Innovation Management
and real added-value services were deployed at local level for final beneficiaries. This was a small scale measure with a good potential reach.
better services to be deployed to a specific group of SMES (e g. to the tourism sector, as in
These †activities†(e g. goods or services) may be undertaken by a single firm or divided among different
services for public health On the other hand, globalisation and advances in ICT allow firms to fragment their production in the
†activities†rather than specific industries (e g. assembly operations for China or business services for
systems but also of business R&d, the rise of services and of new global players in STI such as China and
services INNOVATION-DRIVEN GROWTH IN REGIONS: THE ROLE OF SMART SPECIALISATION Â OECD 2013 25
users, specialised services banks, basic research and training institutions Support to technologies which have scale or agglomeration
government goods and services (e g. infrastructure, health services. See box 3 Box 1. 3. Tackling societal challenges through smart specialisation
high value added areas such information technology services While most government response to the ex-post distributional effects of globalisation-driven
services) rather than specific industries (OECD, 2012. This supports why specialisation is no longer relevant in
services for India While specialisation is viewed often in terms of macroeconomic outcomes, it is important to recall that there is a
increase the absorptive capacity for these technologies such as providing consultancy services to SME to facilitate the adoption of specific technologies;
aim to offer highly functional, reliable services and integrated solutions to various industrial sectors and countries based on the complementary experiences existing in the Estonian
This includes the creation of several world class e-and m-services for both public and private
healthcare, Global education services, Green financing, Contents and software and Meetings, Incentives Conventions and Events and tourism industry
ii) providing advice and services to SMES; iii participating in schemes promoting the training and placement of high level graduates in innovative businesses;
for next generation IMS services Lin, J. and H-J. Chang,(2009), â€oeshould Industrial Policy in Developing Countries Conform to
products and services made possible through on -going R&d and innovation. The GRDC investment in R&d represents approximately a quarter of the total
model in sourcing R&d services allows GRDC to flexibly engage in multiple specialised fields of research as required by its priorities.
equipment services, management and marketing services, human resource development and technology transfer. Neighbouring research institutes also provide support to research and technology development
and accreditation services locally. The foundation of future development of local clusters, the regional network of industry, universities and research institutes emerged through project implementation.
business services by capacity building and better coordination of service agencies  OECD 2013 81 When planning how to further develop,
Engineering centre, Suppliers Village among other services The knowledge base stems from the School of Aeronautic Engineers and the rest of applied studies
services from concept design through to limited-series vehicle production. The sector is recognised internationally for its flexibility and responsiveness and for the innovative qualities of its engineers.
innovation capabilities of individual businesses and researchers by providing businesses with services directly related to securing a competitive edge;
•Advices and services: Lower Austria implemented programmes (â€oesoft measuresâ€) providing services to support R&d&i activities of SMES.
Its innovation strategy focuses on the establishment and expansion of targeted industrial competencies. At the fore, there is the on
services of the Cluster managements, a funding scheme for technology projects and services of the Technopol managements,
or a funding scheme for R&d projects and services of the Technology and Innovation Partners
characterised by a relatively underdeveloped sector of knowledge-intensive business services Manufacturing thus represents the main driver of competitiveness,
segments of standardized goods and services with high price elasticity and increasing competition from countries with even lower production costs (e g.
manufacturing, R&d, strategic services etc..Since 2000, central authorities have adopted several strategic documents concerning innovation policy, including two National competitiveness strategies (2005,2011
services, consulting and the establishment of a centre for technology transfer. The crucial essence of
ii) services for companies; iii) human resources; and iv) internationalisation. Strategic goals and activities were proposed for each priority axis
•Services for companies: i) incubation programme-three business incubators with more than 7000 m2 office and laboratory space, micro-loan fund.
services †most important the building up (incl. soft facilitation of cooperation) of the Centre of
The first two generations of RIS were mainly about the development of incubators and services for
resident of Estonia, for instance in energy, national defence and security, health care and welfare services INNOVATION-DRIVEN GROWTH IN REGIONS:
promoting services, equipment and nutrition; iv) Timber built environments and scarce resources in housing; and iv) Design services
Figure 2. 8. National (Lead Market) Themes and Practices in 2008-2010 Source: Tekes Ambitions, strategic plans and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem
In addition to that there are extensive services offered by the cluster management organisations e g. support for scientists and new companies in networking, searching for partners, technology transfer
services. The expansion of the cluster is to create new jobs by way of the continuous further
SEZ is designed for all businesses from industry and services, but there are some preferences to companies from industries, mainly automotive or services like ICT, R&d, financial and
accounting services (BPO. The strategy of SEZ as well as Technology Park Krakã w is to focus
the activity on ICT industry. The two projects managed by Technology Park Krakã w, which are
services. The examples of the structural changes taking place in the Maå opolska Region are presented in
services (e g. EDF which took over electricity producers in Maå opolska and then located in Maå opolska the centre of common services
Radical foundation of new domains The emergence and growth of ICT industry Source: Marshal Office of the Maå opolska Region, MSHE
Services Austria, Finland, South korea Maths and chemistry Austria Maths and engineering Upper Austria Optics Berlin&brandenburg, Noord
Global education services Green financing Contents and software Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Events and tourism industry
Services INNOVATION-DRIVEN GROWTH IN REGIONS: THE ROLE OF SMART SPECIALISATION 178 Â OECD 2013
vouchers, business services, access to laboratories, qualified personnel, and cooperation partners etc.)) offered correspond to your needs?
services once the commercial barriers had fallen Romanian SMES are the one of the most affected area.
activities Industry Constructions Trade Tourism Transportation Services New products 47.56%32.26%31.25%52.63%39.30%24.30
Industry Constructions Trade Tourism Transportation Services 0%12.82%17.86%29.32%24.32%25.57%21.79 %0-5%15.90%14.29%21.05%16.22%15.86%20.95
renewed products and/or services introduced in the last year we notice that: 21.53%of the enterprises hold a percentage
%from new and/or renewed products and/or services. Taking into account these aspects, we may conclude that the
their turnover generated by new products/services increases as the size of the firm increases As well as for the
their turnover generated by new products/services, the small sized companies hold the highest weights (23.21%,22.18
their turnover generated by new products/services the highest percentage is recorded by the companies in tourism
new products/services. See table 6 TABLE VI. PART OF SMES TURNOVER GENERATED BY INNOVATION â€
Industryconstructions Trade Tourismtransportation Services 0%15.26%10.34%25.58%22.22%23.36%21.84 %0-5%18.42%27.59%17.05%5. 56%16.45%19.54
products/services and 21.24%of the economic agents made no innovation efforts in 2007 •Only in 5. 50%of the SMES turnover is generated by
new products/services in a proportion of more than 50 %REFERENCES 1 Nicolescu O.,Maniu A i.,Nicolescu C.,Anghel F.,White Chart of
SMES gain access to financing explore products and services developments that are driven both market and offer a value-addition component to the supply
and services being enhanced over time. However these enhancements typically took the form of refinements in components rather than changes in
toward improving the features and functionality of existing products and services. Radical product/service innovation was oriented toward creating wholly new products and/or services
Hamel (1996) contended that radical business concept innovation was paramount. He stated that in business concept innovation what was required was to ensure organizational success by
ï Radically re-conceiving products and services, not just developing new products and services ï Redefining market space
ï Redrawing industry boundaries For the sake of the study the first reviewed types were considered as the types of innovation and
to put together different capabilities and services with the goal, through cooperation between suppliers and customers, service providers
through networking some services can be exchanged for free ï SMES should recruit skilled personnel. New ideas can be injected in the business rather
in many transport services Traffic congestion Urban expansion and high dependence on the car and truck have led to congestion in cities and towns
tools, regulatory measures and tele-services •Mobility management plans and communication campaigns for managing mobility demand
concepts and seamless mobility services. Urban areas are becoming †laboratories†for technological and organisational innovation in transport and mobility
technologies and services with applications in buildings heating/cooling), grids, mobility, traffic management, broadband communications that contribute to sustainable development in
demand and to provide services that enhance the overall urban system and surroundings. Thus an integrated package of measures needs to
services, bus lanes, cycle lanes and pedestrian zones. The aim is to facilitate a shift to more
and home-school transport services, and mobility measures for large events. Investigations indicate that such measures do not require large financial
Public Passenger Transport Services by Rail and Road Regulation EC no 1370/2007) sets out conditions
and integrating services into the urban transport network. Directed to stimulating use of public transport, research has been carried
services Research on intermodal public transport is directed to seamless transfer from one mode to another by, for instance, smart ticketing systems and
sharing services New technologies are being developed to improve public transport use, such as PRT (Personal Rapid Transit), BRT (Bus Rapid transit) and GRT (Group
Rapid transit), and new services such as demand responsive public transport. These technologies and services are being tested in the CIVITAS Initiative, in
the Citymobil projects and in the Intelligent Energy -Europe (IEE) programme Sustainable mobility concepts Research has shown that sustainable mobility
of flexible public transport services such as buses on demand Increasing attention is being given to non -motorised transport.
with real-time multimodal information, quality services with improved accessibility, enhanced comfort, and onboard services. In addition
R&d included improving commercial speed by shortening journey times improving reliability and punctuality of services, and enhancing safety
for passengers and drivers Project reference: European Bus System of the Future Status: Completed Total cost:
•Improved onboard e-services with screens providing information on real departure times and disruptions with alternative routes
services for passengers and operators. For example in Paris, the EBSF bus station offers diversified services to fulfil both transport and
urban requirements: electric bikes for better inter -modality, library, public Wi-fi, dedicated space for mobile retailers.
Easy access to efficient transport services †whether road, rail or waterborne †is essential to the quality of
to improve access to regular services in all appropriate transport modes. Policy focuses on improving the
cohesion to ensure more accessible jobs, services and facilities to help overcome social exclusion The key policy focus is to provide all citizens with
orientation guides, connecting services, and alerts to delays In Europe, research is being conducted to develop
planning services both face-to-face and via the web While reliable information is often available for
assessing accessibility of public transport services and have identified best practices on how to improve urban mobility,
concepts for vehicles, infrastructure, services and public information directed to eliminating barriers in the public transport chain.
services. Such requirements are expected to enhance market uptake of environmentally friendly vehicles while research is assessing the impact of this new
Transport Services by Rail and by Road, Regulation (EC) No 1370/2007, Brussels â European commission (2009a:
knowledge into successful products and services The high number of promising new high-tech firms in the fields of life sciences and new
knowledge, but weak in transforming inventions into successful products, services and solutions for societal problems 7. The solution to this problem has been the main theme
Knowledge-intensive products and services are taking on an increasingly significant role in the economy.
Over the last 20 years, exports of these products and services from the United States and Japan have increased by 500%to 600%8. And while the European union lags
often fails to lead as a matter of course to successful products, services and solutions to problems in society.
services sectors are becoming blurred. Agriculture gets more and more industrialised whereas the industrial and the services sector become more and more intertwined.
In the Netherlands the traditionally knowledge-intensive agricultural sector is apparently going to rack and ruin because of the unmistakable successes of the past.
same time the significance of the private services sector and†to a lesser extent†the
noncommercial services sector, is increasing enormously. Science and technology-based innovations play a key role in this respect.
b) While industry and services are constantly becoming more interwoven, it must be noted that innovation processes in industry differ fundamentally from those in the
services sector 18. While our understanding of these new innovation processes is growing, it has reached not yet a level that allows a substantial contribution to be made
knowledge-intensive (business) services can play in innovation processes in (all) other sectors, plays an ever more important part
-intensive business services, in innovation processes is at stake. Is their influence growing, does their role change,
The emergence of knowledge-intensive services (engineering firms, software houses, knowledge-intensive consultants) plays an important role in this
Recent research shows that these services play a crucial role in innovation processes both in industry and in the service sector 18.
life sciences and in the services sector and research conducted at the sectoral level into the
level (agriculture, ICT, services sector) must also be mentioned here Together, these case studies could serve as the basis for the development of various types
between sectors (from agriculture to industry to services new sectors (cultural industry Thread: growing knowledge intensity
I. Miles, Services in innovation: Knowledge intensive business services as co-producers of innovation, SI4S synthesis paper no. 3, Published by STEP, Oslo, 1998
19 F. Gallouj, O. Weinstein, Innovation in services, Res. Policy 20 (1997) 499†514 20 R. Coombs,
I. Miles, Innovation, measurement and services: The new problematique, in: J. Metcalfe, I. Miles Eds.),
), Innovations Systems in the Services Economy: Measurement and Case study Analysis, Kluwer Academic Publishing, Norwell, MA, 1999, pp. 85†103
64 Netherlands Ministry of Economic Affairs, Industrie-en dienstenbeleid (Industrial and Services Policy Letter to the Lower House 26 628, session 1998†1999, Staatsuitgeverij, The hague, 1999
new services and by fostering technology transfer •The success of networks in the Silicon valley has
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011