Increasingly, innovation in new products/services and the implementation of key processes are becoming vital
developing innovative products and services are positioned to compete more successfully (Hodgetts, Luthans & Slocum 1999).
New innovations can improve quality of life through beneficial or improved products and services B. Innovation In search of innovation, large firms are increasingly outsourcing a wide range of business activities,
services, adopting new operating practices, technological, organizational or market-oriented, or creating new skills and
interpretation of firm innovation, the framework for our hypothesis development is based on new product/services, opportunity
and introduce new products or services (Schumpeter, 1942; Hamel 2000; Kiam & Mauborgne, 2005; Langerek & Hultink, 2006.
questions, 3) whether the company can acquire knowledge about new products/services, and 4) whether the company can
In addition, existing unique products/services in the company†s portfolio are investigated. In order for innovation to occur
products/services IV. RESULTS The firms†characteristics are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3. Retail is represented best in both samples (32.3 percent for the
Other Services 14 1 0. 5 7 3. 1 Total 201 100 229 100 TABLE 2 FIRM CHARACTERISTICS †SIZE (NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES
development services, finance institutes, firms, friends and family. They also search for knowledge on internet and in articles, periodicals and books.
services), delivery to final customers, and final disposal after use (Kaplinsky and Morris 2000). All
product design and community development services. APIKRI has a team of two designers and regularly invites foreign designers to work with subcontractors.
services. At ISI, students can choose between more artistic and more commercial art studies. But their role in innovation interactions is limited to teaching.
Business Development Services (BDS. BDS focuses on SME€ s and clusters, at the exclusion of
Mark Kwami, Director MKWAMI Design Services, consultant of CBI Nurhadi, production manager, Harpa Green, Yogyakarta
services vary significantly, depending on their sector size, focus, resources and the business environment in which they operate.
company†s products or services J INTELLEC PROP RIGHTS, JANUARY 2005 36 The rise of the information and telecommunications
services sector in the economy of OECD countries have enhanced also the importance of the copyright
to a range of additional services aimed at facilitating the access to, and reaping the benefit from, the IP
b) Technological information services c) Financial assistance d) Customized advisory services on IP e) Assistance for IP exploitation and technology
transfer The bulk of activities specifically targeted at the SME sector have focused on awareness-raising and advice
business support services of those seeking to promote it Some IP offices have sought to go beyond the
wide range of technological information services to their clients. The technological information provided in patent documents provides a point of departure for
technological information services, turning the raw information provided by patent databases into more workable knowledge that can be of practical use to
services for improving the chances of success of their business strategy To partly overcome the barrier of limited access to
Research at WIPO on IP support services to SMES has led to the conclusion that in some countries
begun to include intellectual property related services within their programmes of support for SMES. This
scope and performance of these services continues to be limited very; as a result, these services have made
limited difference to the performance, productivity competitiveness and success of entrepreneurs and SMES BURRONE: IPR AND INNOVATION IN SMES IN OECD COUNTRIES
services within or through business incubators particularly, technology incubators. Facilitating access to legal, technical and financial support for
intellectual property services provided by European high-tech incubators illustrated the extent to which incubators are including IP within the support services
to SMES. The results of the pilot survey indicate that most IP rights are considered either very important or
Intellectual Property's new search services to assist corporate strategic decision-making, World Patent Information, 25 (1) 2003,57-62
â'WIPO, Survey of Intellectual Property Services of European Technology Incubators,(2003 b http://www. wipo. int/sme/en/documents/pdf/incubat
and freight management ITS services on European transport corridors and in conurbations...pp. 13†16
and communication services and technologies, Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) can make a significant contribution to the EU€ s
of interoperability between modes and countries and of cross-border continuity of services hindering broader ITS uptake
or tracking services for co-modal freight transport Such smart transport solutions are applied already across
of ITS that allows for EU-wide and continuous services for the user. The progress made under the two main policy and
interoperable systems and seamless transport services become the norm for Europe†s road transport system
establish interoperable and seamless ITS services and promote harmonisation while leaving EU Member States the freedom
Member States to deploy IT systems or services on their territory >I t S d I R E C T I V E †M I N I F A c T ï F I L E
to facilitate the continuity of ITS services, and to do so through coordinated and concerted action at EU level.
effort by several European commission services, coordinated by the Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport with the
information services. Optimal use of data will also facilitate multimodal journey planning pages 13†16
and freight management ITS services on European transport corridors and in conurbations The need to accommodate rising traffic volumes, notably on
and providing services for safe and secure truck parking. Another challenge is to achieve the full-scale roll out
barrier to the wider market penetration of some ITS services if citizens†rights are shown not to be protected fully
Traffic and travel information services allow Europeans to make well-informed decisions both before and during their journeys
services Definition of procedures for the provision of EU-wide real-time traffic and travel information services, addressing notably the following aspects
•provision of traffic information services by the private sector •provision of traffic regulation data by the transport authorities
•guaranteed access by public authorities to safety-related information collected by private companies •guaranteed access by private companies to relevant public data
but in recent years private services have increasingly been entering the traffic-information market in conjunction with real-time navigation or location-based
services. The ITS Action Plan is looking to develop free minimum information across the EU, improving road safety by
High-quality, EU-wide information services that include free components could also represent an appealing model for public†private partnership
>define the scope of safety-related services >develop suitable organisational models >ensure that free safety-related information is available
universal traffic information services (including definition of the repository of messages to be provided Traffic safety information services
DGMOVE brochure ITS A4 indd 11 11/05/11 15: 15t105146 cee. pdf 13t105146 cee. pdf 13 20/06/11 13: 5020/06/11 13:50
for EU-wide multimodal travel information services. A study was launched to support the European Commission†s work
services across borders, operators, networks and different modes of transport. Key areas for investigation include pan
>roll out EU-wide and interoperable ITS services ensuring seamless support to the road user >foster cooperation and facilitate the electronic
operation of ITS services >TASKS AND ACHIE VEMENTS A study was initiated by the European commission examining
continuity of ITS services. In order to define the minimum requirements for a truly European service, three traffic
-management services †dynamic lane management, variable speed limits and transport-related event-planning and road
of ITS services for passenger and freight in transport corridors and in urban/interurban regions †this work should include benchmarking and standardisation on door-to
Continuity of ITS services >A c T I O N 2. 1 >A C T IO
to a wide range of information services >AIMS >simplify pan-European freight flows >develop secure ways of making supply-chain and
The relevant European commission services have ensured close coordination of the †e-Freight†(see box) and other
Identification of ITS services to be deployed in support of freight transport (e-Freight and development of appropriate measures to progress from concept to realisation
an ITS architecture to deploy IT systems and services In addition, the interoperability, continuity of services
multimodality and urban aspects of ITS architecture have generally been overlooked, and need to be addressed duly
those of the study on continuity of services (see also page 13 which partly addresses the use of the FRAME architecture
Commission services later finalised an ecall impact assessment to help decide on the best way forward towards
communication services and functionalities such as those related to traffic and travel information >TASKS AND ACHIE VEMENTS
applications and services on vulnerable road users has not been documented well known or. Indeed, though there is
stage prioritise, those ITS applications and services that can have the most significant impact on the various categories
users and the most relevant ITS applications/services >assess (positive/negative) impacts of ITS applications
and services on the safety and comfort of vulnerable road users, and if possible quantify these impacts
>prioritise among ITS applications and services and detail concrete measures to enhance positive impacts or to limit/mitigate identified negative
the impact of ITS applications and services on the safety and comfort of vulnerable road users
business case for reservation services. In addition, the Easyway project (http://www. easyway-its. eu) worked on a deployment
Services for safe and secure truck parking places >A C T IO N 3 5
private sectors, have an interest in deploying ITS services involving in-vehicle equipment. Recent years have seen the
Adoption of an open in-vehicle platform architecture for the provision of ITS services and applications, including standard interfaces †the outcome of this activity would
services. Enabling precisely this sort of interaction, this is where so-called †cooperative systems†come into play. The ITS Action
and services >AIMS >identify and use a standardised list of safety-related traffic events (†universal traffic messagesâ€
For example, location-based services may †in combining location information and personal data †have possible implications for personal privacy.
services. Meanwhile, a number of EU-backed research projects have carried out work relevant to the topic, such as Preciosa
of data in ITS applications and services and propose measures in full compliance with EU legislation
of ITS applications and services Address the liability issues pertaining to the use of ITS applications
and ITS services have often been deployed on a fragmented basis. Voluntary agreements and standardisation have failed to deliver
>EU-wide multimodal travel information services >EU-wide real-time traffic information services >road safety-related minimum universal traffic
information, free of charge to users >interoperable EU-wide ecall >information services for safe and secure parking
for trucks and commercial vehicles >reservation services for safe and secure parking for trucks and commercial vehicles
>TASKS AND ACHIE VEMENTS Along with the adoption of the ITS Directive, the European ITS Committee (composed of representatives of the EU
the benefits and costs of ITS applications and services, and about experiences and evaluations of ITS implementation
and services †This should include a quantified evaluation of the economic, social financial and operational impact and cover aspects such as user acceptance
and services based on an assessment of their economic, social and operational value Funding ITS >A c T I O N 6. 3
fostering interoperability and continuity of services >identify and exchange best practice †including organisational and financing structures †for key
Continuity of ITS services Promotion of advanced driver assistance systemsand safety-related ITS Open in-vehicle platform
Intelligent Transport Systems and Services (ITS) refers to the integration of information and communication technologies with transport infrastructure
intelligent systems and services could reduce congestion by up to 15%,CO2 emissions by 20 %and road fatalities by up to 15
Several services of the European commission contribute to the development and deployment of ITS in Europe:
standardisation and interoperability of services are essential, in order to avoid the emergence of aâ patchwork of ITS applications and services
It is increasingly evident that technological improvements involving individual vehicles or infrastructure components and sub-systems are insufficient.
new services bringing more reliable, real-time traffic information and better routing. This would make more effective use of the available infrastructure
to facilitate the continuity of ITS services, and to do so through aâ coordinated and concerted
and freight management ITS services in European transport corridors and conurbations •road safety and security
whenever ITS services or applications are adopted in the Member States. To increase its efficiency, the European parliament and the
•EU-wide multimodal travel information services •EU-wide real-time traffic information services •road safety-related minimum universal traffic information free of charge to users
•interoperable EU-wide ecall (for emergency calls using aâ single dial-up number •information services on safe and secure parking places for trucks and commercial vehicles
•reservation services for safe and secure parking of trucks and commercial vehicles For more information on the ITS Action Plan and Directive, see
http://ec. europa. eu/transport/its/road/action planen. htm IN T E L L IG
services usable and useful †and that only really became possible aâ decade on. â€
as services such as journey planning and dynamic in-vehicle navigation, could thus interact and be networked with each other across whole transport systems
personalised services, including emergency calls and messages traffic alerts, incident/accident warning, speed alerts, vehicle
permitting many different services and applications to be added with ease by any vendor. Whereas existing wireless
involved in emergency or public transport services †or even to goods vehicles, where appropriate The same data can also be used to extend the functionality
bringâ closer the vision of end-to-end travel services extending fromâ pre-trip preparation to on-trip support and post-trip
accessibility, based on data provided via RTTI services Forâ passenger transport, the envisaged systems embrace all
be fully coordinated with the fixed line services †which would be of great value to people with reduced mobility
aâ wide range of information services for transport operators industrial users and public authorities. In this way, the freight
management to support aâ variety of services. The project will integrate the open platform with local components and
loading, parking and the associated logistics services On the positive side, ITS will enable connected vehicle-infrastructure communication systems
connectivity to vehicles and travellers, giving access to on-line services via mobile Internet links Multimodal traffic and travel information services will grow in quality and quantity †with
mobile handsets becoming increasingly powerful personal mobility terminals. Travel guidance on-line booking and payment facilities will be combined with location-based Web 2. 0
•construction of an e-marketplace in traveller services (predictive traffic management, real -time multimodal traveller information, demand
•creation of seamless and ubiquitous connected services (simple, upgradable and scalable via low-cost universal devices
•development of demand-driven, easy-to-use and affordable services for all users, learning from the success of portable navigation systems and Web 2. 0 social networks
the potentially complex offerings of new mobility services, combining multimodal traveller information with options such as demand-responsive transport and car sharing or pooling
Manufacturing and Services BERD, 2003-2011 11 Figure 8: BERD by firm size, 2003-2011 11
Services firms by R&d expenditure ranges, 2003-2011 27 4. Types of Research and development 28 Figure 35:
ï§61 per cent of BERD was generated in the services sector in 2011 ï§Medium and large enterprises (more than 50 employees) accounted for almost three
ï§The majority of R&d personnel (63 per cent) were employed in the services sector ï§Medium to large companies employed two thirds of all research personnel
58 per cent were in the services sector and 42 per cent in manufacturing ï§Small firms with less than 50 employees accounted for 69 per cent of all R&d active
ï§In both the manufacturing and services sectors, 27 per cent of firms were engaged in
manufacturing and total services, pre 2007 Forfã¡s included the following 2 sectors under manufacturing whereas the CSO include them under services
ï Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Mining and Quarrying ï Electricity, gas supply, water supply, sewerage, waste management and
Information and communication services (J) 487.9 571.2 Financial and insurance activities (K) 157.5 47.6 Real estate professional, scientific and technical activities (L-M) 291.0 292.5
R&d expenditure in the services sector increased by 15.9 million (1. 4 per cent) over 2009
ï§Information and communication services-â 83.3 million (17.1 per cent ï§Administrative and support service activities had increased an spend of â 13 million
Manufacturing and Services BERD, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys
services sector, a complete reversal since 2003 when 61 per cent of BERD was generated in
Also, when aggregating the subsectors up to total manufacturing and total services pre 2007 Forfã¡s included the following 2 sectors under manufacturing whereas the CSO
include them under services ï§Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Mining and Quarrying; and ï§Electricity, gas supply, water supply, sewerage, waste management and
Manufacturing Services 265 320 278 300 326 495 519 840 1, 009 1, 325 1, 568 1, 507 1, 364
expenditure, the majority (63 per cent) of R&d personnel resides in the services sector in
Manufacturing Services 4, 591 5, 125 3, 815 4, 443 6, 490 7, 442 8, 501
Figure 22 shows Phd researchers are concentrated more in the services sector since 2009 with the sector accounting for two thirds of all Phd researchers employed in the business
Selected services Manufacturing industries FORFÃ S BERD 2011/2012 ANALYSIS 21 sector. This contrasts with the profile in 2003 when only 22 per cent of all Phd researchers
were working in services. Phd researchers in both sectors have declined slightly since 2009 Figure 23: Phd researchers by gender, 2003-2011
the services sector and 42 per cent in manufacturing. This contrasts with 74 per cent of R&d
Manufacturing Services FORFÃ S BERD 2011/2012 ANALYSIS 27 Figure 33: Manufacturing firms by R&d expenditure ranges, 2003-2011
Services firms by R&d expenditure ranges, 2003-2011 Source: CSO databank, Forfã¡s BERD 2003 and 2005 surveys
Figure 34 shows the R&d spend categories for services firms between 2003 and 2011. Services
firms engaging in R&d have increased exponentially since 2003 from 294 firms to 926 firms in
products and devices, to installing new processes, systems and services, or to improving substantially those already produced or installed
Figure 37 shows a strong focus on experimental development projects in the services sector making up almost three quarters of R&d expenditure.
The services sector now holds the majority share of total BERD, driving the increased focus overall on experimental
Figure 45 shows the share of manufacturing and services firms engaged in joint R&d projects
With the exception of collaborations with other firms in Ireland, services firms had higher collaboration rates with all other partners.
Overall, 36 per cent of services firms engaged in collaborative R&d compared with a third of manufacturing firms
Manufacturing Services 34 Forfã¡s Board members Eoin O†Driscoll (Chairman Chairman, Southwestern Martin Shanahan Chief executive, Forfã¡
Productivity in European private-sector services grew only one-third as fast as it did in the
size of demand for European products (particularly services), which in turn makes it harder to achieve economies of scale from ICT investments.
such as retail and professional services, by encouraging the adoption of ICT. Europe should focus primarily on ICT-using sectors
services. 7 Figure 2: EU-15, EU-13, and U s. labor productivity growth trends (GDP per hour worked) 8
to input, where output is valued using the amount of goods or services and input is typically an hour of labor, a single worker,
services. 29 Policymakers, not just in Europe but around the world, tend to prioritize the three
manufacturing to services to government. In the United states, 48 percent of non -structures capital investment is in ICT,
in both goods-and services-producing industries. 38 Firm level studies have shown also that PAGE 11 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JUNE 2014
percent for manufacturing and services firms and 62 percent for ICT firms. 69 Belgian firms
and services. †73 Garcia-Muniz and Vicente look at the EU as a whole and find that ICT
Limited Impacts in the Services Sector Drilling down into the lack of investment, another reason Europe has experienced not the
because services are such a large part of the European (and U s.)economy, â€oesubstantially higher productivity growth in manufacturing would not be
sufficient†to remedy the productivity slowdown. 100 Mas argues that it is â€oethe services and
may raise the price of ICT goods and services for everyone else. Moreover, the existing
through cloud-based services may change that somewhat, but scale benefits are not likely to
Therefore, the market for a firm†s products or services is limited more, often to only the
sectors, like market and non-market services, make up a much larger part of developed -country economies than ICT-producing sectors,
particular, many professional services have national or sub-national barriers to entry based on ensuring quality of service.
rulings to prevent the use of cloud computing services by municipalities when servers are not located domestically
result of these kinds of policies will be to raise the costs of ICT services for firms in these
access to the best in breed and best value IT goods and services, regardless of where they are
available revenue for websites and can cripple the growth of useful services Another example is the â€oeright to be forgotten†rule implemented by the European
IT goods and services regardless of where they are produced PAGE 32 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JUNE 2014
Organization and Contextual Factors in the Development of E-Government Services: An Empirical Analysis on Italian Local Public Administrations, †Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 27 (2013
cent, Business Services Sector; accessed February 24 http://stats. oecd. org/Index. aspx? Datasetcode=PDBI I4 103.
â€oetalking Points, †Information Services Group February 2013, http://www. isg-one. com/web/research-insights/talking-points/archive/1302. asp
Research, April 2013), http://www. kpmginstitutes. com/shared-services-outsourcing -institute/insights/2013/pdf/state-of-outsourcing-2013-exec-findings-hfs. pdf
Limited Impacts in the Services Sector Regulation and ICT Adoption Tariffs and Taxes Scale Economies
communication technologies, food, advanced materials, services, tourism, sustainable innovation advanced manufacturing systems, and the cultural and creative industries.
services as regards innovation policy development and implementation: the analysis of technological and scientific strengths and how to use them for growth by the Directorate-General
services living up to societal needs"(European parliament, 2013: 14-15 This concept of market creation is also important in the context of RIS3
%Services 93 7. 1 %Creative and cultural arts and entertainment 60 4. 6 %Tourism, restaurants and recreation 51 3. 9
%Services 69 5. 3 %Agriculture, forestry and fishing 65 5. 0 %Creative and cultural arts and entertainment 52 4. 0
For example, ICT, services, creative industries, and agriculture forestry and fishing are described most frequently as R&i capabilities, whereas health-,tourism
%Human health activities (medical services) 47 3. 6 %Machinery and equipment 41 3. 1 %Basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations 35 2. 7
%Human health activities (medical services) 71 5. 4 %Energy distribution 46 3. 5 %Power generation/renewable sources 43 3. 3
ï Services ï Tourism ï Sustainable innovation ï Advanced manufacturing systems ï Cultural and creative
creative industries, tourism and services When comparing the absolute numbers of firms by sector with
services. However, few regions specifically mention any of the other major sectors†legal services, engineering or head officesâ€
in the text descriptions of their priorities. Likewise, few regions mention priorities in retail trade, but
Construction, real estate and related services are large sectors, but they do not correlate strongly with RIS3 priorities.
ï services (to some extent) and †civil engineering†After looking at the number of local units in absolute terms, growth in absolute terms and relative
food, services and advanced manufacturing and ï †food and beverage service activities†ï the †manufacture of food productsâ€
ï †services to buildings and landscape activities†(possibly ï the †manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipmentâ€
†mining support services actionsâ€, †mining of metal ores†and †veterinary activitiesâ€. The main
overlaps were found to be with services, sustainable innovation and ICT priorities 0 %10 %20
management services Retail trade not in stores, stalls or markets Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations
relevant to some of the main priority areas, such as tourism, services, and the creative and food
management services Veterinary activities Waste collection, treatment and disposal activities materials recovery Information service activities
materials, services, tourism, sustainable innovation, advanced manufacturing systems, and the cultural and creative industries In order to explore the extent to which regions
Agricultural services Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities Fishing and aquaculture Forestry and logging
Human health activities (medical services Residential care activities Social work activities without accommodation Information and communication technologies (ICT
Services Activities auxiliary to financial services and insurance activities Activities of head offices and management consultancy activities
Services to buildings and landscape activities Travel agency, tour operator and other reservation service and related activities
Air transport and related services Postal and courier activities Rail transport and related services Road transport and related services
25 Warehousing and support activities for transportation (logistics storage Water transport and related services Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities
Sewerage Waste collection, treatment and disposal activities, materials recovery and remediation activities Water collection, treatment and supply
Wholesale and retail trade Retail trade Wholesale trade 26 Appendix 2: Categories and sub-categories for EU priorities
New products or services that meet social needs Social innovation with regard to child care Social innovation with regard to education, skills and training
in the EU are energy, health, information and communication technologies, food, advanced materials, services, tourism
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