ESDN Office at the Institute for Managing Sustainability Vienna University of Economics and Business Welthandelsplatz 1, Building D1, A-1020 Vienna, Austria E:
2012) Social innovation does not refer to any particular sector of the economy, but to innovation in the creation of social outputs, regardless of where they emanate.
and of the social economy at large3. Social entrepreneurship seems to be one of the most considered avenues
and minimize its effects on the economy and society. The first two editions focused on the best social innovation solutions to help people move towards work or into new types of work.
integrating critical analysis of current and previous work with future-oriented methodologies, new actionable knowledge and continual stakeholder participation.
The project provides advice to stakeholders on how to foster Social Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation;
and beyond to improve the social inclusiveness of society through greater stakeholder engagement, promotion of civic capitalism and changes to social service provision through a. investigation of key processes within social enterprises for delivering inclusion
2) persistent multi-stakeholder constellations;(3) the mobilisation of multiple resources. Against the update of structural data, the project will test these hypotheses on the qualitative impacts of the Third Sector in terms of capital building (e g. social networks,
2) European commission (2013) Social economy and social entrepreneurship-Social Europe guide-Volume 4. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European union.
which provide incubator services, training for social economy, and access to international networks to nurture
Social innovation does not refer to any particular sector of the economy, but to innovation in the creation of social outputs, regardless of where they emanate.
http://ec. europa. eu/research/innovation-union/pdf/state-of-the-union/2013/state of the innovation union report 2013. pdf#view=fit&pagemode=none EC (2013) Social economy and social entrepreneurship.
Both the U s. and European economies have taken the lead in establishing some early concepts and policies for realizing the smart grid.
and a relatively low economy of scale when compared to the transmission systems. Several legislative mandates have provided various opportunities for the modernization of the electric grid in the U s. Fig. 1 shows a timeline of some events related to the electricity grid in the U s. that have served as harbingers to important changes via mandates
In the EU, the smart grid strategy is motivated by concepts of innovation with regard to social and environmental reforms for an interactive economy.
B. Energy Storage Electricity is a highly perishable commodity that must be consumed within a very short span of production
This raises the question of the real interests of the many stakeholders in the smart grid.
tp=arnumber=6191343&isnumber=6204228 28 D. Kirschen and G. Strbac, Fundamentals of Power systems Economics. Chichester, U k.:
operation, and economics of finite-inertia systems and integration of renewable-energy systems to electric grids.
We believe that accountants bring value to economies in all stages of development. We aim to develop capacity in the profession
and seek opportunities for long-term success. By focusing on the critical role professional accountants play in economies at all stages of development around the world,
and enhance the role the accountancy profession plays in supporting a healthy global economy. www. accaglobal. com/accountants business  The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants,
and prospects for, the global economy. The increasing emphasis placed on the role of the digital capability for the European recovery (European commission 2010b) raises the question of how the digital agenda can effectively engage the small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) sector
Similarly, the need for action from various stakeholders seems to vary, with Eastern europe expecting more action from banks
such as accountants, must be considered carefully by the European commission and other stakeholders. Owing to the limited management and resource capacity of small firms, the SME sector is highly reliant on external advice.
Wales and Northern ireland, do not. role of stakeholders It has already been suggested by experts in the field (Nienhuis and Bryant 2010),
Banks are therefore a crucial stakeholder that ought to engage in the development and growth of a SME e-invoicing agenda.
not only can they fulfil the need for effective coordination of the multiple stakeholders that need to be involved through setting up national e-invoicing forums (such as banks, industry representatives and SMES),
by improving the economics of deposit taking, due diligence and lending in favour of both investors and businesses,
Accessing a company†s financial accounts is a crucial part of this process (even though individual lenders/investors can choose not to consider these)
and addressed by the industry and other stakeholders. Internet is the fastest growing retail channel Europa.
Q3, 2011, online report,<http://www2. accaglobal. com/general/activities/library/economy, accessed 26 september 2011.
We believe that eco-innovations in SMES will contribute to a making a green economy work in Europe and worldwide.
new markets•New business models•Enhancing quality of life•Creating new and sustainable jobs•â€oematerial security†•Resource justice•economy environment society politics Figure 2:
and make business more resilient in the face of market trends, notably fluctuating commodity prices.
The business case for material efficiency has increased with rising commodity prices. Complying with regulations Many companies eco-innovate their processes
and impacts •by limiting extraction of virgin resources and by limiting â€oeunused†extraction Consider renewable and secondary resources (circular economy) •Reduce cost by improving efficiency of extraction •Comply with
and waste•Reduce production costs by improving material and energy productivity •and by material substitution Build resilience to changes in commodity prices and resource supply •Increase your turnover and profits
Associa-tion for Sustainable Economies in Hungary disseminates case study books to help SMES invest in environmental measures that generate economic returns. www. environmental-savings. com Learning Resources Eco-innovate!
The price volatility for commodities, notably metals, food and non-food agricultural items, was higher in the 2000s than in any decade of the 20th century 6. The World Economic Forum (WEF) Global Risks
Report 2012 ranked extreme volatility of commodity prices as the fifth most important risk in terms of potentially negative impacts7.
Material productivity expresses the amount of economic value generated by a unit of material input or consumption.
Energy productivity expresses the amount of economic value generated by one unit of energy input or consumption. 5 SERI 2011, Global Material Flow Database. 2011 Version. www. materialflows
Towards the circular economy. Economic and business rationale for an accelerated tradition. 7 WEF 2012:
and can be found online. www. oecd. org/innovation/green/toolkit The •Guide Towards The Circular Economy of the Ellen Macarthur Foundation offers interesting guidance on how businesses can benefit from adopting new
practices based on the circular economy philosophy. www. thecirculareconomy. org. Several in depth case studies also provide insights on how companies have changed their material inputs,
management include coping with the rising volatility of commodity prices, dealing with uncertain supply of materials,
or by involving key suppliers and other related stakeholders. Map and measure resource inflows and out-•flows from the company.
Quick wins Engage key partners and stakeholders: this •may produce interesting opportunities for new eco-innovative solutions,
materials •and processes to key internal and external stakeholders in R&d. Subscribe to sources of information on emerg-•ing technologies
diverse con-•cepts and involve stakeholders/experts. Reward buy in when eco-innovative ideas are implemented.
or •new business models driven by environmental considerations will require approaches outside of normal day-to-day R&d processes with dialogue with a range of stakeholders including customers,
and ongoing •communications with customers and other stakeholders can identify new opportunities for eco-innovation.
as well as other stakeholders, in conversations through a variety of media. Use positive and negative feedback to improve business/product development and promotional strategies.
How can stakeholders be rewarded for adopting and promoting pro-environmental behaviour? Eco-innovate products and services Eco-innovate!
and •other stakeholders environmental awareness and understanding may help to reveal business opportunities or threats.
and examples. •www. defra. gov. uk/environment/economy/products-consumers/green-claims-labels/Learning Resources Eco-innovate products
economy and society. www. eco-innovera. eu Ecopol is a transnational public partnership that aims to accelerate the implementation of eco-innovation policies across Europe.
The analysis of the interplay between governments, NGOS, development agencies, industry and social enterprises is called multi-stakeholder analysis. It would be incorrect to see social innovation as a new or isolated concept or as a disruptive innovation.
To quote the social economy Strasbourg Declaration of 16 january 2014:''Europe's social model needs to reinvent itself.
national governments and other stakeholders active in the collective awareness projects and social innovation projects. 4 OLD POWER NEW POWER ï¿
After a workshop on social innovation in 2009, President Barroso asked the Bureau of Economic policy Advisors to draft a report on social innovation as driver for social change,
and environmental sphere (Social Economy & Social Entrepreneurship, 2013). The Innovation Union supports social innovation,
the legal rights-related issues of social network such as the management of personal data and the potential economic value of users activities on social networks and the engagement and security issues of CAPS. 6 Tab. 2-CAPS ongoing project
must be driven primarily by economic value. In contrast, the social innovator†s projects are driven primarily by social values,
The IA4SI methodological framework is based on a quali-quantitative multi-stakeholders approach, which engages projects coordinators,
they will select their stakeholders and end-users in this way describing â€oewho†will benefit from the project outputs 3. Thirdly,
a report for the use of European stakeholders, including citizens. These actions will make possible to better evaluate the investments made so far;
but that ultimately it is stakeholder engagement that makes the difference to sustainable social innovation.
BOOSTING EU COMPETITIVENESS IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY CEPS TASK FORCE REPORT CHAIR: MARIA ANVRET Senior Executive Scientific Expert and Advisor, Prof.
85 i FOREWORD he European union is challenged in the global arena by emerging economies as well as by the US
it includes and involves stakeholders representing the many different sectors and parts in society, and often businesses coming from different regions.
It is the result of five meetings held between September 2009 and May 2010 and the participation of numerous industry stakeholders
but the puzzle has to be completed by involving the stakeholders and taking account of market needs
emerging economies in terms of research, development and innovation (R&d&i. The 2009 European Innovation Scoreboard has shown positive signs in some regions,
or 4%of GDP to the EU economy. Various reasons account for Europe†s gap certainly including the current fragmentation of the Internal Market and the absence of well-developed venture capital;
and streamline communication with stakeholders, thus avoiding the †spontaneous disorderâ€, in which too many funding tools appear sub-additive rather than self-reinforcing. f) Coordinating innovation and research policy with other EU policy objectives already at the budget allocation stage,
The European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) is to be a key driver of sustainable European growth and competitiveness through the stimulation of world-leading innovations with a positive impact on economy and society.
BOOSTING EU COMPETITIVENESS IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY INTRODUCTION. TOWARDS EUROPE 2020 he word â€oeinnovation†lies increasingly at the core of the EU agenda.
Figure 4 below shows the results of a recent survey of stakeholders, in which more than 96%of the surveyed respondents considered that lack of access to finance innovation
Figure 4. Key barriers to access to finance according to stakeholders Source: http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/files/swd effectiveness. pdf A NEW APPROACH TO INNOVATION POLICY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION 15 Box 1. Key enabling
and are of systemic relevance to economies. KETS are important for several reasons: •They are the driving force behind the development of goods
innovation and the EU knowledge-based economy. •They modernise the industrial base and further strengthen the research base. •They create related ecosystems of SMES.
while maintaining openness in the EU economy. Also the conclusions of the Competitiveness Council of 28 may 2009 â€oewelcomed the Commission†s initiative to develop a proactive policy for enabling high-technologiesâ€.
Available data testify to a European †lag†vis-Ã-vis the United states, Asia and several emerging economies in terms of research, development and innovation (R&d&i.
US firms seem to be more active than EU firms. o Inventive collaboration in ICT R&d with Asian economies is still relatively low,
impact on economy and society. The EIT is the first European initiative to integrate fully the three sides of the †knowledge triangle†(Higher education,
and streamline communication with stakeholders, thus avoiding the current †spontaneous disorderâ€, in which too many funding tools appear sub-additive rather than self-reinforcing. •Coordinate the different levels of governance better.
Yet, the internet economy, globalisation and industrial cycles have been producing a growing number of patent applications.
Helping business compete in the global economy, 2008, p. 25.24 Data are available in the Communication from the Commission to the European parliament
47 Journal of Law and Economics 45 †74 (2004), have demonstrated that individuals and small firms in the US can be at a significant disadvantage in protecting their patent rights because of the small size of their portfolios. 48 PATENT LAW
and economics literature has explained that costs related to patent protection trigger a comparison with alternative forms of protection,
including i) the level of jurisdiction (and competence for each Economics of Trade secret Law, in 5 Journal of Economic Perspectives 61-72 (1991;
which can complete the transformation of Europe from the old economy to the new, innovation-based economy, with value-added, intellectual capital intensive activities.
The adoption of the green economy as a new paradigm for a fresh start in environment-compliant entrepreneurial activities has seen recently a growing interest in fostering an economic development based on eco-efficient technologies, not just in terms of cost
and fields of research that are need in of financial support because of their expected ability to produce the kind of economic results that fit the green economy standard of environmentally-friendly innovation.
A Law and Economics Primer, available at http://www. earthinstitute. columbia. edu/cgsd/documents/lewisreichman. pdf (last visit April 18,
Indeed, a study of the Vattenfall Institute and Mckinsey highlights the fact that many low-cost technologies are available to reduce CO2 emissions that could be used eventually also by LDCS. 37 36 Copenhagen Economics
demonstrated the clear benefits of standards and standardisation to the wider economy. Standards may play a role in facilitating the sharing of common technological solutions,
stronger interaction of European Standardisation Bodies with fora and consortia, researchers and industry stakeholders; and more coordination between the European Standardisation System and global standards. 42 In addition to the recommendations of the EXPRESS group (and those that will come from an upcoming study on IPR and standardisation),
•In terms of development, standards should ideally be developed by all affected stakeholders. •They also need to be based on a solid consensus:
according to economic theory, may be expected to be lower than the cost of separately negotiated licenses); •They can clear blocking patents that would
Copenhagen Economics and The IPR Company (2009), Are IPR a Barrier to the Transfer of Climate Change Technology?
/exp 384 express report final distrib en. pdf). Friedman, D d.,W. M. Landes and R. A. Posner (1991), â€oesome Economics of Trade secret Lawâ€, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 5
â€, Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 47, pp. 45-74. Lewis, T. and J. H. Reichman (2003), Using Liability Rules to Stimulate Local Innovations in Developing Countries:
A Law and Economics Primer,(http://www. earthinstitute. columbia. edu/cgsd/documents/lewisrei chman. pdf). Ordover, J. A. 1991), â€oea Patent system for Both
Principal Economist DG ENTRE European commission hasan. alkas@ec. europa. eu Mr. Emmanuel Bentejac Veolia Environment emmanuel. bentejac@veolia. com Mr
Permanent Representation of Sweden to the EU per. tervahauta@foreign. ministry. se Mr. Kristian Uppenberg Senior Economist European Investment Bank-EIB k. uppenberg@eib
Employers) bandt@vno-ncw. nl Mr. Bruno van Pottelsberghe Professor, Senior Fellow Economics & Management of Innovation ULB and Bruegel bruno. vanpottelsberghe@ulb
and competitiveness in today†s business and economy are the main generators of the cooperation
lack of clarity regarding the specific cost-benefit to each of the stakeholders (payers, physicians, patients) resulting in †conflict†with regard to
which of the stakeholders should foot the bill; absence of financial rewards (particularly for the physicians,
and the lack of a strategic organisational process to develop the commitment of all of the stakeholders.
Partnership and collaboration with clinicians and other stakeholders have also been demonstrated to be a critical factor in the successful implementation of health IT.
, especially in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have enhanced greatly the competition spurred by the globalization of the world economies.
and in certain instances worrisome, situation since SMES play a key-role in most economies,
22 5. 2 Cost Explosion in Booming Economies...22 5. 3 Protection of Intellectual Property rights...
R. Tiwari and S. Buse (October 2007) Page 4 of 31 1-Introduction Technological advancements, especially in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have enhanced greatly the competition spurred by the globalization of the world economies.
and in certain instances worrisome, situation since SMES play a key-role in most economies,
Innovative ideas and products are becoming increasingly important to counter the price-oriented competition from low-cost producers from emerging economies
while elaborating the crucial role that SMES play in the economy. 2. 1 Innovation Innovation,
small and medium-sized enterprisesâ€, may be understood as â€oeany entity engaged in economic activity, irrespective of its legal form†(EC, 2003a).
even though SMES play an important role in the national economy as discussed in the following.
2 These data exemplarily demonstrate the key-role which SMES play in Germany†s economy.
For detailed discussions on SMES€ role in the German economy see Hamer (1997), Bundestag (2002), Gà nterberg and Kayser (2004),
and find themselves faced with tough price-oriented competition from low-cost producers from emerging economies in Asia
Moreover, blocking foreign firms from doing business in the country may lead to trade retaliations abroad that could severally affect an export-oriented economy like that of Germany.
and Hamburg Institute of International Economics (HWWA, 2004). Comparing the findings of the aforementioned surveys it would not be an unreasonable assumption that SMES in the respective countries
and other developed economies we conducted a new set of investigation. The methodology and selected results of this study are explained in the following. 3. 2 Findings of the Survey â€oeris-Hamburg†To identify barriers to innovation in SMES in the Metropolitan Region of Hamburg we at first conducted an empirical study in form
the survey targeted mainly SMES from the fields of IT, Media, Civil Aviation, Electronics, Machinery Manufacturing, Maritime Economy, Medical Equipments, Logistics,
The study carried out by Cologne-based Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (Idw) on behalf of Germany†s Federal Ministry of Economics
emerging economies in Asia are rapidly taking over the role of â€oelead markets†by their openness for consumption
or they may cause high opportunity costs in the form of lost business opportunities (in case of prohibition).
More and more people in emerging economies are having financial resources to buy high-end products (EIU, 2004), and the number of the middle class consumers is growing rapidly in emerging countries particularly China and India.
2007). 5-Challenges of Global Innovation The section above has given us a broad overview over how global innovation may be used as a chance to mitigate the effects of innovation barriers prevalent in Germany and inter alia in advanced economies.
%The shortage of qualified personnel is also felt in the booming economy of China, where German firms are finding it increasingly difficult to recruit local technicians,
2006). 5. 2 Cost Explosion in Booming Economies The cost advantage of many â€oeemerging†nations with booming economies is disappearing in many respects, for instance,
In this respect the internationalization of R&d seems to be a useful instrument to mitigate the effects of barriers to innovation often faced by SMES in Germany, the EU or anywhere else in industrialized economies.
The globalisation of research and development, Economist Intelligence unit. Ernst, D. 2006: Innovation Offshoring: Asia†s Emerging Role in Global Innovation Network, East-West Center Special reports, No. 10/2006.
Die Position Norddeutschlands im internationalen Innovationswettbewerb, Hamburg Institute of International Economics, Hamburg. Idw (2004: Mittelstand in Deutschland †Stiefkind der Wirtschaftspolitik, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft, Cologne:
growth of E-commerce in Europe. pdf. txt D B Economist Intelligence Unit reaping the benefits of ICT 2004. pdf. txt Ë,
through ICTS 2008. pdf. txt-@F Enhancing the Competitiveness of SMES in the Global economy Strategies and Policies. pdf. txt!
G Entrepneurial Orientation and Network Ties innovative performance of SMES in an emerging-economy manufacturing cluster. pdf. txt H Entrepreneurship and SMES Innovation in Romania-Nelu
. pdf. txt Þ) Ö The antecedents of SME innovativeness in an emerging transition economy. pdf. txt=× THE BIG IDEA CREATING SHARED VALUE. pdf. txt Ø
-Paulo Albuquerque & Yulia Nevskaya. pdf. txt Û The Impact of Innovation in Romanian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises on Economic growth Development-Oncoiu. pdf. txt 0
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