Shareholder Supervisory Board Adlershof Projekt Gmbh Adlershof Facility Management Gmbh Innovationszentrum Berlin Management Gmbh Subsidiary
networks and other infrastructure, the knowledge economy, energy and SMES are 10/38 Best practices in transport infrastructure financing 1/23/2013
and guarantees ranking ahead of shareholder subordinated debt â mezzanine finance, including high-yield debt for SMES experiencing high-growth or are
economies. European Bank for reconstruction and development has 63 member countries and also the European union and the European Investment Bank are participating.
local economy and satisfy both EBRD's environmental standards and those of the host country The EBRD supports projects in 29 countries.
shareholder it is hard to define strictly the funding source Private funding consists mainly of loans, bonds and equities.
positive effects to the regional economy Cities, municipalities or other similar self-governmental regions and local-level
http://www. femern. com/home/economy/who-pays http://www. femern. com/home/finished-tunnel/traffic--capacity
Rail Baltica tries to promote economic growth and integration in the Baltic region The project Rail Baltica and especially pre-studies and development phase have
stakeholders: national and regional administrations and decision makers and also 31/38 Best practices in transport infrastructure financing 1/23/2013
the project had 15 shareholders, a consortium of 10 construction companies Transmanche link (TML) and 5 banks.
The shareholders were evenly from France and England. The construction consortium made a design and build contract with
The first equity package came from the original 15 shareholders in the beginning of the project. The tunnel project and the shareholders went through critical times when
Equity package 2 was accepted, and it made the original project promoters minor shareholders. Before equity package 3 could be accepted the project needed more
financing. European Investment Bank provided the tunnel project a loan, the deal was signed by a group of 50 banks
or cluster serving the local economy and society, if local and regional authorities implement smart specialisation strategies to
capacity in terms of economic growth and renewal. Many of the new policies are concentrated on so called strategic action plans †Regional Growth Programmes
regional stakeholders. For example, Innovation Power STHLM (2011-2012) is a project whose aim is to make a functional analysis of the innovative structure of Stockholm and
the knowledge based economy, Integrative city development and Technical support. It should be noted here that The City of Vienna encourages application-oriented research
service innovation in one or several important areas of the regional economy or in developing cross-sectoral approaches (EC COM 2010/553
and the knowledge economy. Industrial and Corporate Change 10: 945†974 European commission (2010: Regional Policy contributing to smart growth in Europe 2020.
The Role of Universities in Innovation Systems and Regional Economies Expert meeting on â€oethe future of academic researchâ€, Vienna University of Economics and
Business Administration, 19-20 october 2006 Vol. 4 â Issue 2 â 2012 54 Appendix 1
Innovation is arguably one of the main drivers of economic growth and the capacity to innovate among the most important factors enhancing competitiveness on a global scale
Eurostat, DIW econ, London Economics, MIOIR Overall, recent empirical findings show that the environment for innovation has changed
Eurostat, DIW econ, London Economics, MIOIR In a study employing Community Innovation Survey data over 16 countries, Holzl (2009
Eurostat, DIW econ, London Economics, MIOIR Finally, the last table looks at the proportion of R&d expenditures from companies
Eurostat, DIW econ, London Economics, MIOIR Although increasing institutional efforts to harmonize data for the understanding of the
) These results hold across four large EU economies with a high SMES intensity such as Italy, France, Germany, Spain and UK (Griffith et al. 2006
Empirical Evidence for Italy, Small Business Economics, Vol. 33 No. 1 Cohen W. M. and Levinthal D. A (1990) Absorptive Capacity:
Productivity across four European countries, Oxford Review of Economic policy, Vol. 22 No 4 Grossman G. M.,Elhanan Helpman (1991), Innovation and Growth in the Global
Economy, Massachussets: MIT Press Holzl W. 2009), Is the R&d behaviour of fast-growing SMES different?
CIS III data for 16 countries, Small Business Economics, Vol. 33 pp 59†75 Kakati M. 2003), Success criteria in high-tech new ventures, Technovation, Vol. 23
Nelson R. R. 1996), The Sources of Economic growth, London: Harvard university Press OECD (2010), SMES, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Centre for Entrepreneurship
Eurostat, DIW econ, London Economics, MIOIR 2013 Brief on INNOVATION PERFORMANCE ANNUAL REPORT ON EUROPEAN SMES 2012/2013
Eurostat, DIW econ, London Economics, MIOIR 2013 Brief on INNOVATION PERFORMANCE ANNUAL REPORT ON EUROPEAN SMES 2012/2013
Eurostat, DIW econ, London Economics, MIOIR 2013 Brief on INNOVATION PERFORMANCE ANNUAL REPORT ON EUROPEAN SMES 2012/2013
Eurostat, DIW econ, London Economics, MIOIR
Building Bridges: Social Inclusion Problems as Research and Innovation Issues Santiago Alzugaray *Academic Unit, University Research Council, Universidad de la Repã blica, Montevideo
combined, would create economic growth and lead eventually to economic development. Economic growth would be the increased productivity in the existing activities;
economic development would come from the opening, through research and innovation, of new production branches or the birth of knowledge-based firms (OECD, 2005;
used in relation to competitiveness, sustainable economic growth, closing the structural heterogeneity gap in productivity, and the like, but not as a direct tool
The hypothesis that there is a trickle-down effect from economic growth to social inclusion, implicit in many analyses, is illusory;
allow for the effective integration of all the system stakeholders. The role of the goods and services producers is to render operative the solutions generated in the
stakeholders. This does not necessarily involve describing or diagnosing the problem at least at this stage) but acquiring awareness of the existence of an unequal situation
The context of the first call in 2003 was a deep social and economic crisis at the
Uruguay showed an unparalleled rate of economic growth: at the end of 2008, the country growth reached 8. 9 percent
violence related to the uneven economic growth and the persistence of social exclusion, from the bankruptcy of hundreds of firms and the damaging personal
indebtedness in dollars to inflation in the national currency and a type of foreign exchange favorable to imported consumption, from massive firings and salary
policies, and a sustained economic growth. The persistence of these situations makes even more valid the premise from which the university program â€oeresearch
employment, place making, the sharing economy, health and education After the references section, there are also three annexes
x Income 2. Sharing economy (and sharing society x Health x Health 3. Health x Education x Education 4. Education
x Finance and economy Bottom-up criteria for determining the types of cases In order to ensure that a relatively broad and representative range of cases are investigated, wide
Sharing Economy (and sharing society x Exchanging time and talent x Activating the value of dormant assets
Sharing economy and sharing society 1. Improved matching and exchanging of time and talent increasing economic benefits
3. Increased fixed asset use giving economic value to more people 4. Increased fixed asset use giving social and community value to more people
5. Increased creation of viable shared assets giving more economic value to more people 6. Increased creation of viable shared assets giving more social and community value to
7. Scaled sharing economy impact (more sectors, workers, localities, people, etc 8. Other Health 1. Increase in health and wellbeing (numbers of people and duration
Sharing economy Focus area Case Social needs addressed Exchanging time and talent Athens Time Bank (EL) Meeting all types of basic daily needs for people in poverty
models in the Anglo saxon countries, aspects of which many of the former command economy countries of Eastern europe have tended to adopt.
economy, asylum seekers and victims of human trafficking and youth employment x Through the European Social Fund:
people, despite the economy picking up again in the last few years. This reflects and exacerbates
economy as well as more self-regulation via, for example, project, flexible and homework, often using ICT, as well as more redundancies in this sector. 10 In some countries,
social economy, with social entrepreneurs accounting for about 10%of all businesses and for 11
12 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/sme/promoting-entrepreneurship/social-economy /13 http://www. isede-net. com/content/social-economy/wise-work-integration-social-enterprises-tool-promoting
-inclusion 19 which is recruiting so-called †ambassadors†from enterprises, chambers of commerce, business federations, social partner organisations, public agencies and research institutions to raise
most observers agree that innovation in the economy supported or enabled by ICT typically reduces the demand for labour in existing sectors and companies because of increased
of the economic crisis as people need to earn as much as they can at this time, so are deterred
the role of ICT in the sharing economy theme and in the smart places cases in the place making
Economist, 2012) reshaping each other and often becoming a seamless whole. Physical and digital worlds are becoming increasingly interwoven,
phone at a building instantly provides information about it. 34 According to the Economist (2012 the â€oegeoweb is growing thickerâ€,
Economist, 2012 There is an increasing number of digital services which are place-specific rather than general.
as well as completely new business models like the sharing economy 33 See Tepsie D8. 1, section 3. 1. 6:
The types of ICT and its use varies across the three sharing economy focus areas, as described
collectively, to become stakeholders in new online and offline social networks, encouraging strong and positive relationships between people from different backgrounds in the workplace, in
encouraging the growth of local solutions as alternatives to the mainstream economy Civic engagement and activism
ICT in the sharing economy theme and in the finding employment cases in the employment theme
PPCPS) and models of social economy enterprises. The case has central and local government funding, the outsourcing of ICT provision
monetary economy and has developed successfully a combined social and business model demonstrating both economic and social benefits to policy makers and investors in monetary
formal traditional economy. It uses a local currency purely to give people a means of exchanging
role of ICT is comparable to the role of ICT in the sharing economy theme and in the finding
The sharing economy Context This section very briefly summarises the main findings arising from the desk research carried out
sharing economy context, as well as some of the observed and expected roles and impacts of ICT
analysis and to identify three focus areas and relevant cases within the sharing economy theme
In the last decade this is starting to be challenged by a new sharing economy growing from a small base, in which mainly individuals share with others an increasing range of their assets
The sharing economy is starting to supplement exclusive ownership with new forms of common collective and collaborative ownership.
The sharing economy also termed †collaborative consumptionâ€) is growing fast, worth â 85 billion in
factors factors massively boosting the sharing economy over the last six years x The economic crisis in 2007-8 made people look at the assets they owned and how to
make these †work harder†for them x ICT connectivity makes the sharing economy possible on a scale never seen before
48 www. zipcar. com 49 www. airbnb. com 50 Given the above very general definition of the sharing economy, it can be seen it potentially covers a huge range
of issues across most, if not all, sectors and aspects of daily living. The aim of this section is not to attempt a
simply attempts to explore some aspects of the sharing economy using a number of cases, most
51 www. fastcompany. com/1747551/sharing-economy 52 http://economia. icaew. com/opinion/november-2012/global-sharing-day
economy is how to scale without over commercialisation and loss of its â€oesocial, human-centred and
The currency of the sharing economy is †peer trust†based on †reputational capitalâ€, so measuring, transporting
to replace this as the sharing economy takes off. Botsman (2010) further observes that classical
economics to date has seen the sharing economy as simply †stealing†market from the established normally big corporate, players.
The sharing economy, as most radical innovations, is potentially very destructive of existing business models and incumbent actors.
Does the sharing economy not only hijack and destroy parts of the existing market, but also create new forms of demand and thus new market value around these
thus boosting local economies and in effect decanting some economic activity from downtown to the suburbs. Whatever the balance of cannibalising existing demand
access economy The sharing economy is currently at the stage where this is a critical issue, For example, traditional
big corporates are starting to move in (like BMW with its car share programme) attempting to
authenticity ethos still inherent in the sharing economy. This current stage of development of the
sharing economy will also determine whether and, if so, how the sharing economy will scale and
what form will it take. Will we recognise the current characteristics of the sharing economy in ten
years At its core, the sharing economy is aimed social innovation at transforming how some of the
fundamentals of our political economy are practiced. At present, property ownership rights, while including the right to use
economy is characterised by the organised practice of exercising this right as a right to share.
become labeled as the sharing economy, started as many simultaneous initiatives in many places and in many asset domains.
In the early days of the shared economy movement, and this still remains true today, phrases such as â€oeunder-utilised assets equals wasteâ€
and to scale the sharing economy Another of the quite unique features of the development of the sharing economy movement is that
it very early on was driven by different categories of actors. For example, individuals willing to share their assets.
What has become the sharing economy movement includes all these types of actors, and they all seem to enhance the scale and scope of activities and
Trust and community are at the heart of the sharing economy. It promotes personal and long-term
relations in new ways creating loyalty and community around the shared economy service, and thereby making the automated systems resilient to commoditisation.
For such reasons, most sharing economy companies are based on some form of membership model, where there is partly some initial screening,
of the reasons why the sharing economy movement seemingly without effort can span across businesses and communities and unite community action and business.
Whether or not the sharing economy becomes a business, remains purely voluntary or some mix in
between, this means that the sharing economy movement comprehensively fulfils at least the mainstream definitions of social innovation.
economy, environment, employment, education, health and community. It spans from individual 53 www. taskrabbit. com
There seem to be two main impacts of the sharing economy, First, on human empowerment by
The sharing economy has always been bed around, such as-and-breakfast holidays and holiday house swaps between teachers in the UK and Australia in the 1950s,
modern economy it has always been niche and marginal. ICT connectivity, via the Internet and
sharing economy now possible on a scale never seen before. ICT also enables scaling, diversification
the sharing economy theme 1. Exchanging time and talent One of the conundrums of advanced labour markets is that there are fairly fixed valuations of
54 www. fastcompany. com/1747551/sharing-economy 64 can easily find a handyman on Taskrabbit who has the half an hour needed to do the task, and
The sharing economy is rich on initiatives that address this conundrum, ranging from neighborhood task
The basic proposition of the sharing economy is that every under-utilised asset can be turned into
and other organisations at marginal cost whenever there are no commercial full price users. Both economic and social gains are manifold:
x Increased existing asset use giving more economic value to more people x Increased existing asset use giving more social and community value to more people
important part of the sharing economy ecosystem that it has achieved the kind of dynamics where assets, tools, systems needed,
•Increased creation of new shared assets giving more economic value to more people •Increased creation of new shared assets giving more social and community value to more
x Scaled sharing economy impact (more sectors, workers, localities, people, etc 56 www. techshop. ws
Five cases are analysed in the sharing economy theme as summarised in Table 5. 1 Table 5. 1:
Sharing economy cases: summary Focus area Case Social needs addressed Summary Exchang -ing time and talent
innovations in the context of the sharing or collaborative economy, where existing assets are shared (people†s time, talent and possessions) or new assets are created collectively to be shared
All the sharing economy cases examined here are started and operated by civil organisations and/or volunteers,
The types of ICT and its use varies across the three sharing economy focus areas, as described
3. Increased fixed asset use giving more economic value to more people x Streetbank: by 2014 over 35,000 people shared over 45,000 things and skills, mostly in the
5. Increased creation of new shared assets giving more economic value to more people x Repair Cafã s:
physical events with economic value both for social entrepreneurs, companies as well as society as a whole 6. Increased creation of new shared assets giving more social and community value to more
7. Scaled sharing economy impact (more sectors, workers, localities, people, etc x All cases are scaling,
economy, but being a very small payment, it is designed not to create profits as the Cooks are
sector and business participation in the sharing economy, the impact of consumption on the immediate and the global environment, democracy, representation, social security benefits reform
considerations when exchanging any assets in the sharing economy context are that much of the policy, legal and regulatory framework is often not conducive to such bottom-up alternatives to
economy, but as a very small payment it is designed not to create profits as the Cooks are
considerations when exchanging any assets in the sharing economy context are that much of the policy, legal and regulatory framework is not conducive to such bottom-up alternatives to providing
the sharing economy theme. An overview of all the main results of the analysis of the sharing
economy cases is provided in Table 5. 2 80 1. The role and use of ICT in social innovation
Important considerations when exchanging any assets in the sharing economy context are that much of the policy,
Given the nature of these sharing economy cases, whether monetised or not, as small, bottom
Overall, all six social innovation outcomes examined in the sharing economy theme, as well as several others, have been shown to be supported
that, despite the very broad ambit of the sharing economy movement, the basic underlying economic and social model based on access to assets rather than ownership of them, is very similar
All the sharing economy cases examined here are started and operated by civil organisations and/or volunteers,
and Europe has not yet) been able to convert sharing economy initiatives into large commercially successful companies,
and probably in most sharing economy context, is that objectives, participants, processes and outcomes need to be transparent and open to
Indeed, in the sharing economy theme, from the evidence presented above, there seem to be
67 http://www. marketingmag. com. au/blogs/collaborative-consumption-and-the-sharing-economy-shaping-the
Sharing economy case analysis overview Focus area and SI outcomes ICT use Online plat -forms
stakeholders create user confidence through adequate privacy and security protections will play a key role
the whole care process by bringing patients, the main stakeholder, into the fold. This kind of innovation of
transferring some power and responsibility to the stakeholders galvanises the process and puts the individual, rather
Even as the economy and much of the rest of society are being transformed in countries around the world
ever in our increasingly global economy. Commentators have begun to describe how schools are likely to look under
toward the breakthrough of student-led learning, where â€oeknowledge isn†t a commodity that†s delivered from
The involvement of the private sector underscores the value multi-stakeholder partnerships can add, and shows the
if a holistic approach is taken with multi-stakeholder partnerships at the heart of effective education
ATC21S is a multi-stakeholder partnership to define learning progressions for 21stcentury skills, create innovative
individual stakeholders would not be able to solve it on their own. The Advisory board includes PISA OECD, IEA, UNESCO and the World Economic
The World Economic Forum defines a multi-stakeholder partnership in the e-schools context broadly as a partnership that exists
Most of these are examples of multi-stakeholder partnerships. Here several collaborative social innovation processes are evident, notably consultation, engagement, participation, co-creation, design
Economist Magazine (2012) â€oea sense of place †technology and geographyâ€, 27 october 2012 Eisenhardt, K. M. 1989) â€oebuilding theories from case study researchâ€, The Academy of Management Review, Oct
Green, C. H.,(2012) â€oetrust and the Sharing Economy: A New Business model#,White paper http://trustedadvisor. com/public/White-paper-Trust-and-the-Sharing-Economy. pdf
Harford, T. 2011) â€oeadapt: why success always starts with failureâ€, Little, Brown, London Harris K, Flouch H â€oethe Networked Neighbourhoods Groupâ€, The Online Neighbourhood Networks Study, a study of
Millard, J. 2012) â€oesocial innovation in the age of the sharing economy: local challenges that meet the network
http://www. tepsie. eu/images/documents/social. innovation. and. the. sharing. economy. workshop. report. 2012. fro
. and Byers, J. W. 2014) â€oethe Rise of the Sharing Economy: Estimating the Impact of Airbnb on the
The zero-marginal cost society: the internet of things, the collaborative commons and the eclipse of capitalism. Palgrave Macmillan:
Sharing economy 9. Changed economic dynamic between common ownership (free-rider problem and over use) and
Scaled sharing economy impact, actual or predicted (more sectors, groups, localities 13. Other (specify Health 6. Increase in health & wellbeing (numbers of people & duration
in social and behavioural economics, we take a network perspective and analyse the role networks play in innovation and how online tools might be changing this
ENTREPRENEURISM INTERNATIONALISATION GREEN ECONOMY Catalonia 2020 Strategy  Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia Ministry of Economy and Knowledge
http://www. gencat. cat/economiaiconeixement April 2012 Catalonia 2020 Strategy 4 This document, which establishes the guidelines for the
well as economic and social stakeholders Catalonia 2020 Strategy 5 Contents 1. Executive summary 2. Bases for growth
5. 6. Green economy 6. Shaping policy: strategic lines of action 6. 1. Improving employability
6. 6. Fostering the transition to a more resource-efficient economy 6. 7. Modernising the Administration
competitiveness of the Catalan economy (2005-2007 and 2008 -2011), the Government of Catalonia has drawn up the Catalonia 2020
the long-term competitiveness of the Catalan economy and better employment, establishing a roadmap for economic recovery whilst
by governments and economic and social stakeholders Taking into account both the headline targets and the seven flagship
the Catalan economy, ECAT 2020 identifies six priority areas employment and training; social cohesion; innovation and knowledge
and the green economy ECAT 2020 is organised around eight strategic lines of action. These are broken down into operational objectives and quantifiable targets
of these policies depends on the action of other stakeholders (other public authorities, employers†organisations, companies, trade unions
challenges facing the Catalan economy In its report, CAREC describes the situation and prospects for the Catalan economy
and identifies the priorities that should guide policies aimed at helping Catalonia to recover and begin growing again.
economy recover from the crisis and move towards balanced, sustained growth Moreover, it also identifies the four great challenges
the Catalan economy develops: employment, finance, productivity and confidence The CAREC report stresses that the strategy for the competitiveness of the Catalan
economy should revolve around four basic ideas -Taking advantage of the crisis to thoroughly overhaul the Catalan economy
-Back to basics, that is relaunching the project for an entrepreneurial Catalonia with a strong and firmly-rooted industrial base in order to attract more sectors with high
and rigidity that prevent the Catalan economy from growing. The public authorities should foster entrepreneurial activity,
Noting the will expressed by economic and social stakeholders and the parliamentary groups, the Catalan Government reaffirms its conviction of the need to build, within the
and social stakeholders 3. 1. The Europe 2020 Strategy The Europe 2020 Strategy, adopted by the European council on 17 june 2010, is an
initiative designed to help the European economy recover from the crisis and to emerge stronger from it by promoting competitiveness, productivity and growth.
Europe 2020 calls on the European economies to launch new engines to boost growth and jobs,
-Developing an economy based on knowledge and innovation (smart growth -Promoting a more resource efficient, greener and more competitive economy
sustainable growth), and Catalonia 2020 Strategy 11 -Fostering a high-employment economy that can ensure economic, social and
territorial cohesion (inclusive growth ECAT 2020 follows the roadmap laid down by the Europe 2020 Strategy,
the Catalan context and the priorities of its economy 3. 2. Previous strategic agreements Catalonia has had experience with two previous strategic agreements for the
competitiveness of the Catalan economy since 2005. These proved to be valid tools for cooperation between the Government and economic and social stakeholders
On 16 february 2005, the Catalan Government and economic and social stakeholders signed the Strategic Agreement for the Internationalisation, Quality of Employment and
Competitiveness of the Catalan Economy. This strategy established eighty-six measures to be implemented over the 2005-2007 period to promote competitiveness
and shape economic policy in order to boost productivity, economic growth, quality of employment and social cohesion When this agreement expired, the signatories decided to revise its content
and give the initiative new impulse. As a result, on 3 june 2008, an agreement featuring 102
conditioned by the current economic crisis and the subsequent budgetary restrictions all the actors involved are convinced that these strategic agreements have enormous
The current situation of economic crisis and public spending restrictions requires appropriate, effective and efficient economic policy measures.
The Government is responsible for designing, planning and implementing such policies, but in many cases they can only be put into effect in cooperation with other stakeholders (other public
authorities, employers†organisations, companies, trade unions, workers†associations etc Catalonia 2020 Strategy 13 4. The Catalonia 2020 Strategy (ECAT 2020) and
competitiveness of the Catalan economy and employment. ECAT 2020 takes its inspiration from the Europe 2020 Strategy,
stakeholders The ten defining components 1. Government leadership and dialogue with economic and social stakeholders is vital.
Agreement will strengthen moves to adapt the production model to a more competitive system, generating
Administration and all economic and social stakeholders 6. ECAT 2020 will be monitored annually, with an interim
different stakeholders. These bodies are Catalonia 2020 Strategy 15 -An institutional commission, the highest body for monitoring
ministries involved and by economic and social stakeholders and -A parliamentary monitoring commission, formed by the
The Ministry of Economy and Knowledge, which acts as the technical secretariat for ECAT 2020, is supported also by other units with transversal functions.
priorities of the Catalan economy Equivalence between the Europe 2020 Strategy flagship initiatives and headline
The greatest challenge facing the Catalan economy is to create employment. The Government must provide a stable,
production system and economic growth, an essential condition for generating jobs and reducing the high unemployment rate. The Government will promote sectors with high
Resource-efficient Europe Green economy Sustainable growth Innovation Union Innovation and knowledge Smart growth An industrial policy for the
Resource-efficient Europe Green economy Sustainable growth Innovation Union Innovation and knowledge Smart growth An industrial policy for the
For instance, in order to foster economic growth based on increased productivity and quality job creation, it is necessary to improve mechanisms for
adopt measures to combat the informal economy and undeclared work. A commitment should also be made to reducing segmentation
Economic and social stakeholders should also play a major role in this sphere In order to ensure that the labour market operate adequately,
economics, the media, the new technologies, postgraduate studies, international mobility, etc Catalonia faces the challenge of modernising its universities
Promoting the social economy is a basic means of correcting inequalities. In the present economic climate, public spending caps greatly restrict the public authoritiesâ€
The creation of new business initiatives in the social economy †which has a long tradition in Catalonia†is essential to bring out the full potential of
The Catalan ICT industry should act as a driving force behind economic growth helping to increase business productivity
Catalan economy. Biotechnology and biomedicine provide an example of the success of public policies for innovation based on research and highly qualified personnel
Business enterprises are expected to lead the recovery of economic activity. To emerge from the crisis, it is necessary to boost business activity,
strongest points of the Catalan economy. Businesses must maintain or intensify their activities, increasing in size and number
The limited availability of resources causes problems of liquidity that, in turn, hampers business activity. For this reason, the Government must facilitate access to finance for
International competition and the economic crisis require companies to rethink their competitive strategies, particularly as regards technological
Catalan industrial sector, should lead the recovery of economic activity and job creation. However, all too often, SMES have neither the training nor the tools needed to
public-private network that coordinates all stakeholders committed to launching new business projects. Similarly, the Government promotes a new model for relations
5. 6. Green economy The Catalan economy, like that of the rest of Europe, has taken up the challenge of
moving towards more efficient use of resources. Industry needs to speed up the process of transition towards an economy that produces low levels of greenhouse gas
emissions and promotes an efficient use of energy and resources. This transition towards a more sustainable production model represents a new opportunity for
The green economy offers great economic opportunities to industry, the energy sector farming and tourism.
6. Fostering the transition to a more resource-efficient economy 7. Modernising the Administration 8. Promoting strategic infrastructure
and the green economy Targets, budgets and monitoring indicators for each product and service will be
productivity and the competitiveness of the economy. In their twofold function †social and economic†education and training should enable people to acquire the skills they
In the present context of severe economic crisis and high unemployment, it is particularly important to improve employability as a way of working towards a change to
Catalan economy. On this point, all international organisations stress the vital role played by career guidance in integration into employment
With its notable presence in the spheres of economics, the new technologies and higher studies, English has become the international language.
and to generate economic growth through increased productivity and the creation of quality jobs. The Catalan
stakeholders should undertake to focus collective negotiation on increasing productivity within the Catalan economy 6. 2. 3. Improving job quality and conditions of employment
In order to foster sustained economic growth based on productivity, it is crucial to promote the creation of quality jobs.
A quality working environment and secure conditions of employment are key factors in persuading workers to commit to company
stakeholders, who should foster job quality and security and spread prevention culture amongst Catalan businesses
organisations and social stakeholders, the Government also provides advisory services on SME funding 6. 3. 1. Improving companies†access to finance
global economy The world economy is currently facing two great challenges: technological change and globalisation. To meet these challenges successfully,
the advanced countries are implementing policies to increase their competitiveness. These policies revolve around two main priorities:
-ductive economy It is not easy to transfer the results obtained from research to the production system
and, in order to generate economic growth, fresh efforts are required to create a real market for the results of research and for patents.
6. 4. 4. Increasing the internationalisation of the economy Internationalisation is a key driving force for economic recovery.
Tourism is a strategic sector of the Catalan economy. The Government seeks to foster tourism both in emerging and mature markets,
pursue the goal of reactivating economic activity, particularly as regards SMES Catalonia 2020 Strategy 33 6. 4. 10.
and coordinate all stakeholders committed to establishing new business projects 6. 5. 1. Introducing entrepreneurial values in the education system
to the global economy 4. 1. Improving efficiency and effectiveness in the R&d and innovation system
economy 4. 3. Fostering innovation in business 4. 4. Increasing the internationalisation of the economy
4. 5. Fostering the transition of businesses to activities with higher added value 4. 6. Promoting improved business and personnel management
The rural economy has a high margin for generating added value, and public policies should reinforce this potential by promoting the introduction of new products (such as
economy, has been the most rapidly growing tourism segment in Catalonia. Rural destinations, with their rich natural, historic, artistic and cultural heritage, and where
In line with the need to adapt the economy towards sectors that generate higher added value and to encourage technology transfer to the production sector,
the social economy is vital for fostering the integration of groups most at risk of social
encourage new business initiatives in the sphere of the social economy 6. 6. Fostering the transition to a more resource-efficient eco
Public policies to support economic activity should promote the transition towards a more resource-efficient economy, as much out of necessity (decreasing dependency
on fossil fuels, rising energy prices, security of supply, reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants) as for the opportunities that such a transition
economy in terms of use of resources. This can be achieved through such measures as: promoting voluntary agreements for sustainability;
economic activity and in public procurement In this respect, the Catalan Ecodesign Programme 2011-2012 (ECODISCAT) promotes sustainable production and consumption.
efficiency in all sectors of the economy 6. 6. 3. Promoting renewable energy sources Renewable energy sources generate business opportunities and employment and
The public authorities should provide a framework for economic activity and public intervention that fosters business initiative and job creation whilst preserving the rights
-efficient economy 6. 1. Promoting sustainability in the production system 6. 2. Promoting more efficient use of energy and other resources
of the economy in general. Moreover, unnecessary red tape has a negative effect on company productivity, something that is especially serious in the case of SMES.
to economic activity. In this respect, it is vital to carry out impact assessments of laws to integrate procedures
In order to facilitate economic activity, and as part of the process aimed at improving public services, it is essential to introduce the electronic administration as an
emerging, in which all stakeholders add value to products and services (collective know-how. The Web and the social networks give products and services new
make to the competitiveness of the Catalan economy In order to design the long-term policies and major public investment projects needed
manage infrastructure that is vital to the competitiveness of the Catalan economy, or at least to play a decisive part in the management of such infrastructure
economy and as local economic motors, it is important to increase the connectivity of Catalan airports, opening up new routes and developing the air cargo industry.
vital condition for generating economic activity in rural areas. Irrigation infrastructure also plays a strategic role in boosting
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