to a pervasive, omnipresent backbone for society and the economy. In my eyes its main
CAPS Stakeholders and End users 24 Synergies between Projects 28 Collective Awareness Platforms 31 4. Starting Out 46
but is created co by different stakeholders who share the knowledge, risk and benefits of the innovation.
economics and socially responsible companies, can be of use for people in order to just find the information they need.
economy are oriented towards the creation of and the engagement with effective experiments of social innovation, promoting their scalability and transferability
Such social innovation experiments should try to be increasingly multi-stakeholder, with a community-wide participation at the local and European level, as well as being oriented
Studied extensively in economics, the network effect has also been used to analyse company behaviour, showing how being em
any discipline dealing with human social organisations (e g. law, economics, anthropology sociology, history. In many cases, the focus has been on understanding the trajectories of the
that can be used by all interested stakeholders Project Acronym Project Full Title Project Website DECARBONET
†Contribute to a low-carbon economy, for instance by lending, exchanging and reusing goods at scale, across geographic boundaries (collaborative consumption
concrete is to define the targeted stakeholders and end users. This choice consequently defines the language, the engaging levers, the scale and the tools of a collective awareness
Stakeholders are persons and organisations interested in the project activities and outcomes. At the bottom line we find end users,
Stakeholders and End users'describes the typologies of stakeholders and end users addressed by CAPS projects to date
CAPS Stakeholders and End users †Stakeholders Stakeholders are organisations, categories of people or individuals who have an interest
in the CAPS projects and their outputs. This section treats stakeholders and end users separately. Even though end users are also project stakeholders,
the distinction is that end users use the project outputs directly, while stakeholders benefit from project outputs in
an indirect way. Stakeholders will be informed of the project's progress and can, to a certain
extent, influence the development of the projects Stakeholders will tend to belong to one of the following four groups:
research, business, civic society, and policy and government On the right-hand page is a figure visualising the main stakeholders of the CAPS projects
†End users CAPS projects raise awareness among their users and mobilise different categories of users
Below is a list of possible users; the same person can of course belong to more than one
category. The list illustrates the diversity of topics and social issues touched by CAPS projects
CAPS Stakeholders 26 †Citizens and initiatives active in commons-based peer production and sharing economy (e g.
Wikipedia †Users of online communities interested in knowing more about their data and in
personal data and its potential economic value. The results of the project can be beneficial for many CAPS initiatives and will generate interesting synergies at the level of research
more in depth, precise analysis of the solutions they offer to their stakeholders will only be possible later on in the projects'development lifecycle.
and made available to stakeholders through various exploitation strategies. The term 'innovation'is used here with reference to both totally new outputs, such as products and
information dashboards†serving the needs of only a few senior stakeholders. CAPS projects provide different types of social innovation analytics together with the visualisations needed
or the connection between personal data, economic value, and currencies (USEMP. Moreover, assessment of the CAPS projects themselves is key to
The transformation of societies and economies following the diffusion of digital technologies, with increases in productivity, the redistribution of international divisions of
has questioned the way the world economy has been organised, the way business can be done, and the way income and wealth are
citizen and economy by linking it to the Internet of things (Iot), sensor network and cloude services in order to support open online social media and distributed knowledge co
†CAPS2020 liaises with all CAPS stakeholders, including organisations developing similar projects in other regions of the world.
-stakeholder multi-disciplinary('wicked')problems such as sustainability, climate change policy, complex product design, and so on 13.
innovation, smart communities, resilient societies and economies, deploying ad hoc networks of citizen experts around client's needs
the perceptions of various stakeholders, and to identify and track emerging trends 30. Metamaps http://metamaps. c/Metamaps. cc is a free and open-source web
situation or issue, the players and stakeholders involved, and the objectives to be pursued through the solution
The problem may involve a single sector of the society or different types of stakeholders
of the stakeholders involved. This requires eliciting the most deeply valued needs of the various subgroups, each in its own context,
†Other Stakeholders Proposing solutions for specific groups†issues is not only a technical matter in the CAPS
Other stakeholders influence and can also be influenced by any change triggered by a technological development.
The role of these stakeholders, such as policy makers or regulators, must be taken into account through a participatory research approach
see chapter'CAPS Stakeholders and End-users '†But What is Engagement Both in the dictionary and in the context of CAPS, the term'engagement'has
When involving stakeholders in a CAPS initiative, this element mixed with others (practical arrangements, power situations, etc
could make it difficult for stakeholders themselves to articulate their feelings and preferences consistently, or completely and accurately.
It is vital that the dialogue with stakeholders is given the highest priority, as it is this dialogue
engagement of the stakeholders, as in the SCICAFE2. 0 project The first goal is to support shared meaning and deeper understanding of the values
and trade-off tipping points of each stakeholder group in each relevant context of their exposure to the problem situation
of the dynamic relationship that can develop between the stakeholders and the solution as illustrated in Figure 7 below
Solution Acceptance, Rejection and (Misappropriation Cycles by Stakeholders 64 For example as per UI-REF-based requirements of co-design and evaluation criteria which
of collective awareness platforms as a technical divide can allow users and stakeholders to exert an influence on the other layers
concomitant access by multiple stakeholders..It promotes evidence-based decision making and continuity in the relationship between provider and client,
goals and eï €ective collaboration among stakeholders This will lead to appropriate technology infrastructure systems integration,
among stakeholders The Commonwealth Health Ministers Reference book 2008 3 E-Health Technology distribution, access, and utilisation
maintenance of integrated records, reduction in the number of specialists, and attaining economies of scale
Ëoe The lack of involvement of public sector stakeholders in the use of ICT gives cause for concern.
contributing to a growing economy-has become even more pertinent as Europe endures a financial crisis that impacts the entire
economic value, are becoming increasingly important as museums strive to balance new technological developments, economic chall
economy, society and identity, and an asset that is at the core of museum work today
sustainable and inclusive economy in regard to the cultural sector? How do museums fit into the EU's strategy for culture?
expected to supply to a creative economy Two presentations focused specifically on the EU's cultural policy and the crucial role of
'knowledge economy'as WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) defines it The opportunity for a museum to succeed in
economy and to social innovation. Mr Verwayen also emphasises the crucial importance of providing people with access to
creative economy and to social innovation Why has culture been collected in museums audiovisual collections, libraries and archives
stakeholders were approached in order to gather ideas and gain consensus and support After the initiative was launched, all members
knowledge-based economy in the world capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social
cohesion 'Very soon after the Lisbon Strategy was launched, it became clear that these ambitious
'economy; low carbon emissions; efficiency of resources; and competitiveness 3. Inclusive growth-enlarged labour market and specialisation;
high employment economy delivering social and territorial cohesion Tracking the progress of growth within each
However, if all revolves around the economy 49 and job creation, and the word'culture'is
economies on inequality by redistributing global wealth through welfare In addition to all of this, Europe is being called
restore the conditions for economic growth on which a basis of fair redistribution of wealth can be achieved.
partnerships by stakeholders-the EU 55 Commission, the EU Parliament, Member States and civil society-the launch of the
stakeholders think about culture and its role in society. Culture enables evolution and human development and should be understood as
constitutesâ oneâ ofâ theirâ keyâ strengthsâ forâ theâ Europeanâ economy. Â Ourâ focusâ inâ thisâ reportâ isâ onâ
consumptionâ areâ essentialâ forâ theâ sustainabilityâ ofâ entireâ economies. Â Â ï Climateâ changeâ willâ driveâ innovationâ acrossâ theâ economyâ andâ society.
 Emergingâ economies,  suchâ asâ Indiaâ andâ China,  areâ movingâ upâ theâ valueâ chainâ andâ
haveâ limitedâ liquidity.  Thisâ lackâ ofâ flexibilityâ mayâ encourageâ †projectâ hopping† † firmsâ jumpingâ fromâ
needsâ ofâ applicants, Â theâ media, Â theâ Memberâ Statesâ andâ otherâ stakeholders. Â Theâ campaignâ
contributes to economic growth and job creation and to the achievement of the digital single market through the increasing offer of
of economic crisis -the valuable work done by Europeana, by the Member States†institutions and national
economy in the digital age 4 OJ L 283,29. 10.2011, p. 39 5 COM (2010) 245 final/2
the information society and the knowledge-based economy -the vital importance of ensuring the long-term viability of Europeana,
stakeholders'representatives, following a stakeholders'dialogue sponsored by the Commission 8832/12 MM/ag/mj 5
Promoting voluntary stakeholders'agreements and other mechanisms facilitating digitisation and online accessibility of out-of-commerce works
An economy in transition: from digital to digitally-driven...8 Vision and objectives...13 Vision...
economies. They enable economies to create more jobs, improve people's lives and build better and greener societies.
Citizens enterprises, universities and governments become increasingly connected in the digital world. Digital is changing people†s lives:
in various sectors of the European economy Michel Catinat Head of Unit Key Enabling Technologies and ICT
With a GDP of circa 13 trillion euros in 2011, the European economy is by far the leading
economy worldwide. With almost 74%of the EU GDP, the service sector dominates, compared to industry with around 25%and agriculture with only 2%of GDP
SMES1 are the backbone of this service-driven economy From Table 1, it is clear that the typical EU enterprise is a SME,
economy, both in terms of number of enterprises and employment 6 Table 2 illustrates the size of six different industry clusters2 in terms of the percentage of the total
†entrepreneurial perception†between the two economies has reduced surprisingly as the image of European citizens towards entrepreneurs slightly improved(+4)
said that an economy almost fully driven by (micro) SMES could be the ideal catalyst to make the
An economy in transition: from digital to digitally-driven There is no debate over whether digital innovation is a profound force in our economy.
The digital economy isn†t just about speeding up communication across borders or changing the skills
workers need; it is about changing the very nature of consumption, competition and how markets
-driven economy 3 Definitions see Annex Quenching customer insight: Gatorade †Mission Control†Gatorade is an important player in the sports-themed food and beverage products market.
innovations are changing economies and markets, and reinventing relationships between organisations, suppliers and customers thus becoming critical elements for growth, innovation
SME-driven economy ï§To actively support and promote the connection between traditional industries and the
in Figure 4, cover the transformation to a digitally driven economy, digital entrepreneurship5 high-tech skills and talent, access to finance
customers and stakeholders. They create the jobs and growth opportunities of the future 15 Figure 4 †Objectives
Governments and policy makers are recognising the important role of digital in the economy and efforts are being made to foster digital entrepreneurship.
Europe†s economy, one has to realise that the way of doing business in the digital age differs
other start-ups and stakeholders in that city, but to adjacent cities and to the entire country as
and innovation-driven economy will have a clear dependence on technology, high-tech skills and human capital are required arguably also for
New competences and jobs for a greener and smarter economy 10 IDC (2009. Post crisis: e-Skills are needed to drive Europe†s Innovation Society
national economies. The Singapore Entrepass is geared especially towards entrepreneurs who might not pass the severe visa requirements regarding education and salary.
coordinated reaction, with Member States and other stakeholders at its centre, however, needs to be strengthened further and further developed
Finance is crucial to business success and an important factor for economic growth in Europe especially in view of any past or future economic crisis
At European level, finance is provided by a balanced mix of financing mechanisms: through structural funds, the Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme, Progress
committed shareholding structure Although the European commission issued an action plan to improve access to finance for
place by organising workshops with European stakeholders and regulators and by networking with U s. counterparts in the realm of the TEC Council22.
Green paper on long-term financing of the European economy 24 European commission (2013. Strengthening the environment for Web entrepreneurs in the EU
Generally, central and northern economies are more digitised and those economies lead Eastern and Southern Europe in all but one industry (†real estate, rental & leasingâ€.
The gaps between regions tend to be the largest in Europe†s traditional, non-service oriented economies like
†chemicals†and †basic manufacturingâ€. Given the link between the extent of digitisation in a
market in Europe as the European business landscape is a patchwork of national economies and
stakeholders-industry, academics and European policy makers The policy actions developed to overcome the challenges and to achieve the objectives â€
the U k. to emerge as a leading centre in the new high tech economy and to be the best
new technologies and Sweden being connected the most economy in the World ï§Role models and big exits were â€
towards a low-carbon economy, and inclusive, with a strong emphasis on job creation and poverty reduction
economy. According to the European commission, full implementation of the updated Digital Agenda would enhance growth with a 5%expected increase of European GDP by 2020
infrastructure construction in the short term, rising to 3. 8 million jobs throughout the economy in
3. Access to finance and capital †to improve lending to the real economy by better
political will to recognise the central role of SMES in the EU economy. It puts into place a
overall EU economy. Its goal is to improve the effectiveness of public SME policies in fostering
on smaller enterprises, the ultimate beneficiary is the entire European economy The first results are remarkable.
This section looks into options for policy action in all industries and sectors of the economy as
insights gained during numerous interviews and workshops with key stakeholders from both private and public sectors. Some options for policy action build further upon
the economy, some differences are observed in the degree of digital transformation among traditional businesses and SMES or start-ups.
This type of platform should bring together stakeholders with hands-on experience in their field of specialisation as well as entrepreneurs with specific ideas about opportunities
ï§It is supposed that private partners are to be key stakeholders ï§Take into account issues concerning market distortion and competition
the action and the creation of awareness involving local stakeholders ï§Initiative events at European level at which mentors can exchange experiences and
referring to lagging-behind other economies (primarily the US) in applying science into marketable technological applications.
ï§Develop awareness campaigns among stakeholders and decision makers for the opportunities of crowdfunding ï§Support research on the impact of new forms of funding for entrepreneurs
European economy ï§Develop a scorecard with indicators for monitoring the key aspects across Europe
but are expected to have a high impact on the economy. These projects are described in Table 5
European economy, consisting of more than 60%of traditional, service-orientated companies, there is a huge potential to be
digital in the economy and efforts are being made to foster digital entrepreneurship However, despite these efforts, there are still
Green paper on long-term financing of the European economy -European commission (2013. Strengthening the environment for Web entrepreneurs in the
smarter economy -OECD (2010. ICT Skills and employment 72 Annex Industry clusters Table 7-Industry clusters in Europe(%of total Member State workforce employed in particular cluster
added-value to The irish economy by adding another dimension to its ecosystem of innovation supports and while also bringing this innovation
to The irish economy. It is established well that innovation is a key driver of organisational competi
stakeholders or to possess †innovation capability†is a key requisite for business success Th
to develop competitive advantage, by export-orientated economies and as key enablers of innovation strategies
Globalizing Learning Economy Bengt-Ã ke Lundvall, March 2009 Th e D es ig n
and Experience Economy. †STEP 01 Companies that do not use design STEP 02 Companies that use design for styling
-pact positively on economic growth and job creation in Irish SMES 10 Danish National Agency for Enterprise and Housing
and the Economy and the Ministry of Education and Culture (2012 Design Finland Programme. P. 8
economist Anders Rune, who conducted the analysis Sweden Research commissioned in 2008 by the Swedish Industrial Design
Industry Stakeholders Development Agencies and Government departments in Ireland and Northern ireland S tr at eg ic
to create sustainable Irish jobs and economic growth and design-driven innovation has a role to play
Finish Ministry of Employment and the Economy and the Ministry of Education and Culture (2012
Council and the Global economy Design Management Journal Vol. 7, No. 3, P. 10-14 34
-orientated economies e g. New zealand (Export-Orientated Economies Where market failure is evident and intervention is necessary, in the case
where the allocation of goods and services by the free market is not efficient and effective i e. low export performance of SMES (Market Failure;
Given the size of New Zealand†s domestic economy and its lack of scale and critical mass, helping export businesses access new
wider NI Government its partners and stakeholders The Main Design Development Programme (DDP The Main DDP seeks to develop businesses understanding of the
global economies. The review, endorsed by the Chancellor, recom -mended support for the Design Council†s programme and called
Building a Balanced Economy on a Secure Manufacturing Base 71 Intriguingly, a survey conducted in 2010 by the same organisation
design as a tool for economic growth within the advanced materials and manufacturing sector The Service Design Programme began in July 2010
charged with developing the economy and enterprises in Flanders the Dutch-speaking northern part of Belgium.
/Neil Cooney, Senior Economist/Policy Adviser, Enterprise Ireland /Eugene Forde, Department of Enterprise Trade and Employment
A robust health information environment will allow all stakeholders †patients and service users, health professionals, policy makers and the general public to make choices or
2. 3 Stakeholders 10 3 Interoperability standards...11 3. 1 International Standards Development Organisations 11
in order to inform key stakeholders †service users suppliers, purchasers and implementers of ehealth applications, and healthcare providers â€
The Authority is committed fully to stakeholder consultation and values all feedback provided as part of its standards development process.
views and input of all stakeholders as to where ehealth interoperability standards are most urgently required and where
stakeholders including: suppliers, purchasers and implementers of ehealth applications healthcare providers, and any other interested parties, about the proposed future direction
2. 3 Stakeholders A wide range of stakeholders will benefit from having ehealth interoperability standards in
place including healthcare professionals, service planners, healthcare organisations healthcare software suppliers, implementers together with the standards development
The benefits to stakeholders include the following ï¿service users benefit from the use of ehealth interoperability standards in a number
stakeholders involved, generally under the auspices of an SDO, and crucially also promote competition There are currently seven major international organisations involved in ehealth standards
with stakeholders. The Health Service Executive (HSE) is finalising its ICT Strategy while at the same time progressing a number of key national initiatives notably NIMIS and the
that all stakeholders are consulted in the development of ehealth standards for Ireland and this report is
The economics of standardization, Final report for Standards and Technical Regulations Directorate. UK department of Trade and Industry, University of Manchester
stakeholders to access and comment on standards developed †including via public comment periods of at least 60 days
advise the Authority on the identification of key stakeholders e g. user communities, professional bodies and domain experts who should be consulted
Building security, protection and trust within society and the economy...30 1. Greater online protection for citizens and companies...
economy within the European union and across the globe We advocate the continuing development of the global
our economy and society. Increasing public confidence therefore involves securing communication via digital networks, protecting access,
euros of economic value added, and therefore contributes more to the economy than the traditional industries such
as mechanical engineering or automotive. The sales figures also speak for themselves, with this industry generating turnover of some 228 billion euros globally.
espionage is ever present †not only for our economy and citizens but also for the state.
economy is based. The use of encryption and other security mechanisms is necessary to ensuring Internet safety. Com
planning certainty for all stakeholders and also gives due regard to expanding networks in rural areas. During the
For planning purposes, all stakeholders need to know in advance which frequencies are available for which requirements.
-sive impact at the very heart of our economy. Networked production or â€oeindustry 4. 0â€oe has the potential to recast
stakeholders in government, industry and science while engaging with existing committees and platforms. Existing communication barriers between the individual stakehold
economy and provide stimulus for social progress 2. Supporting the young digital economy By bringing together established businesses and young
all stakeholders †from the spheres of industry, science civil society and politics 15i I. THE DIGITAL ECONOMY AND DIGITAL WORKPLACE
global data economy. In particular, we are evaluating ways of preventing market-dominant platform operators from
economy and social system. By 2030, Germany†s economi -cally active population threatens to decline by several
The State is only one of several stakeholders in this area Industry is required also to make its contribution towards
Länder and other stakeholders in the education sector to support greater use of digital media in education and
the Länder and all education stakeholders, the Federal Government will develop a digital learning strategy that
within society and the economy VI. Building security, protection and trust within society and the economy
31vi. BUILDING SECURITY, PROTECTION AND TRUST WITHIN SOCIETY AND THE ECONOMY The Federal government has set itself the task of ensuring
that the network is secure in order to reap the full benefits of digitisation for German society and its economy.
People will not trust new digital services and offerings unless their data is protected and they can operate with maximum
economy zz We will modernise and harmonise European data pro -tection law in the digital internal market in order to
the economy in the digital age. This requires a strategic realignment of the cyber security architecture and better
-pation, innovation and as an engine for economic growth and work. Rules and conditions for the global network can
Multi-stakeholder processes, in which stakeholders from industry and busi -ness, science, government and civil society work together
transparently within the framework of their respective responsibilities, are particularly important in this regard We are also broadening our strategic bilateral and multi
-stakeholder focus We are opposed to a †cyber arms race†but instead favour a peaceful alignment of international cyber security policy
all stakeholders (multi-stakeholder approach 36 VII. EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONS OF THE DIGITAL AGENDA
with German stakeholders We also support the development of the Sao Paolo Process for creating universal Internet principles.
economy. Nathalia holds a Master of science In public Policy and Management and a Bachelor of arts in Economics The authors wish to thank Susan Schorr, Head, ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau Special
Initiatives Division, for her advice, direction and contributions during the preparation of the report Digital opportunities:
governments and other stakeholders need to be more adept at developing and launching initiatives in real
unemployment not only hampers economic growth, for youth it can be a debilitating experience that affects their desire
an even wider range of opportunities brought about by the growth of the â€oeapp economy, †mobile phones
problem is immense, holding back economic growth while stifling the aspirations of people recently entering the workforce and at the beginnings of their careers.
In addition to the protracted economic crisis from which many countries are still trying to recover, a troubling trend has emerged that experts call the skills mismatch.
in some developing economies, meaning they are unemployed, in irregular employment †most likely in the informal sector,
Developed Economies & EU 13.5 12.5 13.3 17.3 18.1 18.0 18.0 17.7 17.2 16.5 16.0
policymakers in developed economies face. In Japan and the United states, NEET rates were 9. 7 and 15.6
economic crisis started. 26 2. 4 Regional trends: Developing countries The labour market in the developing world is highly diverse
23 Clive R. Belfield, Henry M. Levin, Rachel Rosen, â€oethe Economic value of Opportunity Youth, †(Washington, D c
represents an opportunity for economic growth, the private sector has created not the number of jobs needed in the region to meet this demand.
Developed Economies & EU Central & Southeastern Europe (non-EU) & CIS East asia Southeast asia & the Pacific
track the interventions of numerous stakeholders in multiple processes, and evaluate system performance more effectively. 66
coordination among key stakeholders have made duplication of efforts, overlapping responsibilities, and resource wastage common and troublesome problems. †67 As a result, policymakers are looking for
separation of production and consumption of services and the possibility for emerging economies to contribute for the first time to the world†s services industry,
knowledge economy. 74 This industry offers a good salary, career development opportunities for graduates and professionals,
A common way through which an economy can enter the offshore services value chain is by establishing call centre operations.
low-income countries to enter the knowledge economy 2. Upgrading within the business process segment:
80 Vili Lehdonvirta and Mirko Ernkvist. â€oeknowledge Map Of The Virtual Economy: Converting the Virtual Economy into
Development Potential, †(Washington, D c.:infodev, 2011), 28, www. infodev. org/en/Publication. 1076. html
83 The app economy refers to the range of economic activity surrounding mobile applications. The app economy
encompasses the development of and sale of apps, ad revenue or public relations generated by free apps, and the
hardware devices on which apps are designed to run. www. techopedia. com/definition/28141/app-economy
and Ernkvist, Knowledge Map Of The Virtual Economy, 28 Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment
the app economy has generated roughly 752 000 app related jobs in the United states alone as of July 2013.92 The figure is
However, the verdict is out in terms of how sustainable the app economy will be, and whether it will
Sizing the number of jobs generated by the app economy is difficult. Any particular app could be created
92 Michael Mandel, â€oe752, 000 App Economy jobs on the 5th anniversary of the App store, †(Progressive Policy Institute
July 2013), www. progressivepolicy. org/2013/07/752000-app-economy-jobs-on-the-5th-anniversary-of-the-app-store
/93 Andreas Pappas, â€oethe EU App Economy: 530,000 jobs and rising, †(Vision Mobile, September 2013
www. visionmobile. com/blog/2013/09/report-the-eu-app-economy-530000-jobs-and-rising /94 Vision Mobile, Developer Economics 2012:
The New App Economy,(June 2012) 4 www. visionmobile. com/blog/2012/06/report-developer-economics-2012-the-new-app-economy
/Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 22 Jobs in the app economy can be categorized as follows
•IT-related jobs that use app economy skills†the ability to develop, maintain, or support mobile
applications •Non-IT jobs (such as human resources or marketing) which support app developers in the same
company •Jobs in the local economy that are supported by app developers The following is a list of types of app economy employers95
•Large, medium, and small app developers, who may be creating apps for themselves or for
clients •Media and software companies that engage in app development for consumer use under their
for the app economy •Accounting and IT consulting firms, who provide app development as part of a larger suite of
95 Mandel and Scherer, â€oethe Geography of the App Economy, †15 96 Vision Mobile, Developer Economics 2012:
The New App Economy, 73 Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 23 Figure 9:
Global map of app trade routes Source: Developer Economics 2012 For developers focusing on in-region, for-region development, the opportunity may lie in addressing
market gaps in app categories in their own country. Opportunities exist for developers to produce apps
Emerging app economies have potential markets that are much larger than that of English speaking regions and Europe.
For economic growth in the app economy, it is crucial for developers to be able to continuously update
which promote networking among stakeholder communities in the mobile industry; provide advice, mentorship, idea and product development
Knowledge Map Of The Virtual Economy, p51 103 Gold Farming refers to when individuals play a multiplayer online game to acquire in-game currency that other players
Knowledge Map Of The Virtual Economy Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 26 4. 6 Mobile phone repair and computer assembly
a greener economy could generate 15 to 60 million additional jobs globally over the next two decades and
the green and smart economy pays a double dividend by encouraging job creation and accelerating the
The United nations Environment Program†s 2011 Green Economy Report makes the claim that economic progress and environmental sustainability can go hand in hand,
and that the green economy will deliver green jobs and thus lead to decreased unemployment rates.
Social Inclusion in a Green Economy,(Geneva: International Labour Office, 2012 107 OECD, â€oeict Skills and Employment:
New Competences and Jobs for a Greener and Smarter Economy, †OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 198,(OECD Publishing, 2012), http://dx. doi. org/10.1787/5k994f3prlr5-en
108 Angelica Valeria Ospina, â€oethe Outcome of Rio+20: An ICT Perspective on †The Future We Want, †â€
/109 United nations Environment Programme, Towards a Green Economy: Pathways to Sustainable Development and Poverty Eradication,(Nairobi, Kenya:
Data centres and other ICT infrastructures are increasingly vital for all sectors of the economy, and green
jobs will be related to greening the economy, such as working on the systems that operate wind farms installing and maintaining the equipment that smart buildings use to control lighting and temperature
Other areas of employment in the green economy that involve a range of ICTS from geographic
In emerging economies and developing countries, the gains are likely to be higher than in industrialized
110 United nations Environment Programme. â€oegreen Economy, Renewable Energy: Investing in Energy and Resource Efficiency, †(UNEP, 2011
New Competences and Jobs for a Greener and Smarter Economy. †112 United nations Environment Programme, â€oetransition to Green Economy Could Yield up to 60 Million Jobs, †UNEP News
Centre, May 31, 2012, www. unep. org/newscentre/default. aspx? Documentid=2683&articleid=9145 Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment
The dialogue around ICTS and the green economy has centered largely on food security, sustainable agriculture, and energy efficiency.
Interestingly, youth participation in the green economy has not been an area of focus; however in the context of the 2012 Rio+20 conference on sustainable development
youth advocacy groups lobbied that young people should be seen as an asset for a green economy that
economy. In addition to jobs that require higher education such as engineering, the pervasive use of ICT applications from web portals, text messages (SMS), mobile phone based monitoring systems, community
energy-efficient economic growth, and environmental protection 5 ICT employability skills What skills are required to take advantage of the opportunities described in this report?
is a wide range of ways that ICTS are revolutionizing all sectors of the economy
It is recognized widely that entrepreneurship is a necessary ingredient for stimulating economic growth and employment opportunities around the world.
key commodities The chapter presents evidence from a range of programmes and activities aimed at exploring new
151 International Labour Office, Apprenticeship in the Informal Economy in Africa,(Geneva: ILO, 2008 Digital opportunities:
partnerships across sectors to spur innovation, economic growth and employment. International agencies have played a vital role by bringing attention to the urgent needs of youth, and convening governments
and other stakeholders to set a global agenda and advocate for strategies to address the situation
All stakeholders in the ecosystem †international organizations, governments, development agencies private industry, nonprofit organizations, and foundations †have important roles to play to realize
Doing so requires that stakeholders embrace the innovative process: be open to experimentation, ensure robust feedback systems are in place to learn from successes and
"The Economic value of Opportunity Youth "Washington, D c.:Corporation for National and Community Service and the White house
Apprenticeship in the Informal Economy in Africa. Geneva International Labour Office, 2008 International labour organization.""China Youth employment Report."
Decent Work and Social Inclusion in a Green Economy. Geneva: International Labour Office 2012 International Telecommunication Union (ITU.
Knowledge Map Of The Virtual Economy: Converting the Virtual Economy into Development Potential. Washington, D c.:
infodev, Information for Development Program, 2011. www. infodev. org/en/Publication. 1076. html Lewin, Tamar. â€oeafter setbacks, online courses are rethought, †New york times, December 10, 2013
Mandel, Michael. â€oe752, 000 App Economy jobs on the 5th anniversary of the App store. †Progressive
New Competences and Jobs for a Greener and Smarter Economy OECD Digital economy Papers, No. 198.
/Pappas, Andreas. â€oethe EU App Economy: 530,000 jobs and rising. †Vision Mobile. September 2013
www. visionmobile. com/blog/2013/09/report-the-eu-app-economy-530000-jobs-and-rising /Partnership for 21st Century Skills."
Green Economy, Renewable Energy: Investing in Energy and Resource Efficiency. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP, 2011 United nations Environment Programme.
Towards a Green Economy: Pathways to Sustainable Development and Poverty Eradication. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP 2011
United nations Environment Programme. â€oetransition to Green Economy Could Yield up to 60 Million Jobs. †UNEP News Centre, May 31, 2012
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