Industrial Classification of Economic activities within the European Communitiesâ€, known by the acronym NACE and originally published by
innovation and ICT-related policies and in sectoral economic policy) and representatives of the transport and logistics industry (notably firm managers, decision-makers in
regard to employment, competitiveness, economic growth, transport safety efficiency and possible cost reductions (distribution costs), technological innovation and for entering into new markets
Accounts include measures of economic growth, productivity, employment creation, capital formation and technological change at the industry level for 25 EU
â€oegeneral Industrial Classification of Economic activities within the European Communities†known by the acronym NACE and originally published by Eurostat in 1970.
was broadly in line with economic growth, which was 2. 3%on average in the same period. The fast growth of freight transport †driven to a large extent by economic
economic growth. In the transport industry, RFID systems have the inherent capacity to assist in vehicle identification, tracking
109 EU-KLEMS is a database on measures of economic growth, productivity, employment creation capital formation and technological change at the industry level for all European union member
change for economic growth opposite to the classical view that in particular capital accumulation, i e. embodied technical change is the key driver of growth
organising economic activity (Coase 1937, and Williamson, 1985. Consequently, the expectations regarding the potential of ICT as technologies introducing innovative ways
Quarterly Journal of Economics Vol 65, pp. 293-324 Baker, W. E. 1992. The network organisation in theory and practice.
The Review of Economics and Statistics, February 2004,86 (1), 327†344 E-business W@tch Special Study on"E-business Interoperability and Standards"(September 2005
The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 51 No. 4 nov.,, 1969), 465-468 Hagemann, H.,Seiter, St. 1999.
Helpman, E. Ed.),General Purpose Technologies and Economic growth MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 55†83
Ed.),General Purpose Technologies and Economic growth. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 85†119 Hitt, L. M.,Culnan, M. J. and Armstrong, P. K. 1999.
http://post. economics. harvard. edu/faculty/jorgenson/papers/Industryoriginsamericanprodresurg 07 0613. pdf (last accessed on the 23rd of August 2007
http://post. economics. harvard. edu/faculty/jorgenson/papers/Retroprodgrowthresurg 070203. pdf last accessed on the 23rd of August 2007
Brookings Papers on Economic activity, 31,1), pp. 125-235 Jovanovic, B. and Rousseau, P. L. 2005.
Growth,"Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf (ed.),Handbook of Economic growth, Elsevier, Edition 1 Volume 1, Number 1
Growth, International Economics Policy Briefs, IIE, Washington D c.,December 2003 Mansfield, E. 1977. The Production and Application of New Industrial Technology, W. W. Norton, New
The Economics of Modern Manufacturing: Technology, Strategy, and Organisation, American Economic Review, Vol. 80, No. 3, pp. 511-528
Evidence of a Two-way street from Denmark, WP 06-3, Institute for International Economics Washington D c.,June 2006
Technology and Economics. Cambridge university Press Cambridge Saima Avandero. http://www. Saima Avandero. it Sampler, J. L. 1998.
Review of Economics and Statistics, 39. August 1957), 312-320 Stoneman, P. and Kwon, M. J. 1996.
Economic policy Review, Federal reserve bank of New york September 2003,23-33 TSF Logistics Rail Transport: http://www. tsf. it
In terms of economic growth, this means also high potential for the expansion of current markets and the creation of new ones
and economic activity in the Internet, and is the basis of economic transactions social connections, and communication between people and organisations.
How to foster economic growth while respecting the environment and coping with a growing shortage in resources?
The economic downturn has exacerbated the existing financial crisis across the HSE. We have evolved as one of the most expensive health service in the
The Economics of IT and Hospital Performance, 2007, Pricewaterhousecoopers ICT€ s Role in Healthcare Transformation
. and P. Howitt, 2009, â€oethe Economics of Growth, †(MIT Press Bank of Italy, 2009, â€oereports on Trends in the Italian Productive System, †Occasional Paper
French Exports in the Turmoil, †Journal of International Economics Elsevier, Vol. 87 (1), pp. 134†46
Centre for Economic policy Research Pavitt, K.,1984, â€oesectoral Patterns of Technical Change: Towards a Taxonomy and a
The World Institute for Development Economics Research (WIDER) was established by the United nations University (UNU) as its first research and
UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER Katajanokanlaituri 6 B, 00160 Helsinki, Finland
The Economics of Industrial Innovation, Third Edition London: Pinter Harrison, N. J, . and T. Watson (1998).
Small Business Economics, 9: 523†37 UNDP (2001. Human Development Report 2001. New york: Oxford university Press
Pricewaterhouse Coopers (2007), The Economics of IT and Hospital Performance Renders, C. M.,G. D. Valk et al.
cost-benefit structure of the economic activities of the target. The greatest advantage of economic instruments is that they allow
feasibility and achieving successful adoption with the economics of the approach often playing a secondary role.
economics and the value to society which will determine whether a system can survive or not
Pricewaterhouse Coopers (2007), The Economics of IT and Hospital Performance Stroetmann, K. A t. Jones, A. Dobrev and V. N. Stroetmann (2006
Australia has experienced 23 years of economic growth. Over the last three decades the value of our exports has risen fourfold
This Agenda is an integral step along the path of economic growth and prosperity. I welcome
and lower economic growth. If left unaddressed, our declining competitiveness will represent the start of an unacceptable slide into mediocrity.
Australia has enjoyed 23 years of uninterrupted economic growth, in large part due to the economic reforms of past decades and the massive boost to our incomes from the resources boom.
During Australia†s 23 years of uninterrupted economic growth, we have seldom been outside the top dozen countries globally in per capita GDP (The Conference Board, 2014.
18 per cent of total economic activity (Rayner & Bishop, 2013. This expansion could not have
Economics (d) Mckinsey e Gas ï ï ï ï ï Food & beverage processing ï ï ï
d) Outlook Economics (2014, unpublished), AUS-M. Distribution services includes wholesale and retail trade transport, and postal and warehousing.
productivity and economic growth (see Box A2 Box A2: Policy settings for competitiveness, productivity and growth
sector of the economy, on which long term economic growth and government revenues depend, have grown even more slowly, averaging just 0. 9 per cent annually (Chart 9). For
from 2030 (Centre for International Economics, 2014 •to encourage greater quality and lower prices for the goods and services that businesses
more enduring economic growth At the heart of the Agenda is need the to invigorate Australian businesses:
innovation leaders, contributing strongly to national economic growth and competitiveness There are over 2 million Australian small businesses (Department of Industry, Innovation
Economics, 2009 Australia has negotiated also many free trade agreements which lower imported input costs and open up international markets for our
support economic growth. The Inquiry will make recommendations to foster an efficient competitive and flexible financial system
half of all United states economic growth in the last 50 years. STEM may become an even
Infrastructure Growth Package to support economic growth, give businesses the opportunity to prosper, and expand the economy†s long term productivity.
required to drive economic growth, and when specific infrastructure will be needed. For the first time, Australia will have integrated an plan of infrastructure needs across transport, water
productivity and economic growth Upgrading the skills of all types of workers including managers, is central to firm
ABARES Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences ABCC Australian Building and Construction Commission
BITRE Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics BREE Bureau of Resources and Energy Economics
CAMAC Corporations and Markets Advisory Committee COAG Council of Australian Governments CSEF Crowd-sourced Equity Funding
Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences Canberra: Commonwealth of australia ABS. 2012. Year Book Australia 2012, cat. no. 1301.0.
Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics. Canberra Commonwealth of australia BITRE. (2013a. Australia†s bulk ports:
Regional Economics. Canberra: Commonwealth of australia BITRE. (2013b. Infrastructure investment macromonitor. Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics.
Canberra: Commonwealth of australia BITRE. (2013c. Infrastructure Yearbook 2013. Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics. Canberra:
Commonwealth of australia BITRE. (2014a. Airport traffic data 1985 to 2013. Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics.
Canberra: Commonwealth of australia BITRE. (2014b. Freightline 1-Australia freight transport overview. Bureau of Infrastructure Transport and Regional Economics.
Canberra: Commonwealth of australia BITRE. (2014c. Statistical report: Australian sea freight 2012-13. Bureau of Infrastructure Transport and Regional Economics.
Canberra: Commonwealth of australia Bloom, N, . & Van Reenen, J. 2010). Why Do Management Practices Differ across Firms and
) The Shifting Economics of Global Manufacturing: How Cost Competitiveness is Changing Worldwide. Boston Consulting Group
Bureau of Resources and Energy Economics Canberra: Commonwealth of australia BREE. (2014. Resources and Energy Quarterly-March Quarter 2014.
Energy Economics. Canberra: Commonwealth of australia TPO00007 An action plan for a stronger Australia Industry Innovation and C
Centre for International Economics. 2009). ) Benefits of Trade and Trade Liberalisation. Canberra and Sydney: Centre for International Economics
Centre for International Economics. 2014). ) Australia-Korea Free trade Agreement: Implications for Australia. Canberra and Sydney:
Centre for International Economics CLSA. (2011. Dipped in Gold. clsa Commonwealth of australia. 2010). ) Australia to 2050:
future challenges, 2010 Intergenerational Report. Canberra: Commonwealth of australia Commonwealth of australia. 2013, November 28. Regulation Impact Statement-Repeal of
Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences. Canberra Commonwealth of australia HM Treasury. 2013, April 24.
of Economics, Research Paper Number 1023. University of Melbourne Mayor of Chicago. 2012, February 28. Mayor Emanuel Announces New Partnership
Tax policy Reform and Economic growth: OECD Tax policy Studies No. 20. Paris oecd OECD. 2011a. Strategic Transport Infrastructure Needs to 2030.
Outlook Economics. 2014 unpublished. Aus-M. Canberra: Outloook Economics Palangkaraya, A.,Spurling, T, . & Webster, E. 2014).
is based science innovation more productive A firm-level study. Melbourne: Australian Council of Learned Academies
Economics, Finance and Public Administration Committee public inquiry. Canberra Commonwealth of australia United nations. 2013, December. National Accounts Main Aggregates Database.
and innovation. renewal has always been important for economic growth in norway We must act now
-ence and innovation over the next decade, in particular their contribution to economic growth and pub -lic services,
economic value of the recycling industry will soon reach over £1 billion in Western europe. As the
amount of economic activity related to recycling will grow immensely and as political and social push will increase for all,
with economic value. Example: Tires, rubber in hoses Cannot be disassembled No known technology for separation Example:
models and simulations for economics and business teachers, lecturers and students. The simulations also have support materials that have been written to enhance their educational value.
Business studies, Economics, Accounting etc http://www. engines4ed. org/hyperbook/nodes/NODE-130-pg. html Dustin sets up situations that the student will encounter in real life
in economic activity, irrespective of its legal form†(EC, 2003a. As far as the size -component is concerned,
and Hamburg Institute of International Economics (HWWA, 2004 Comparing the findings of the aforementioned surveys it would not be an unreasonable
Idw) on behalf of Germany†s Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWI predicts that Germany will be short of 95,000 engineers and 135,000 scientists by the year
Innovationswettbewerb, Hamburg Institute of International Economics, Hamburg Idw (2004: Mittelstand in Deutschland †Stiefkind der Wirtschaftspolitik, Institut der
Malaysian economic growth and development especially in this competitive global environment. Despite the government focus on SMES,
Mathematical Methods in Engineering and Economics ISBN: 978-1-61804-230-9 145 management system.
Mathematical Methods in Engineering and Economics ISBN: 978-1-61804-230-9 146 result is presented in Table 1
Mathematical Methods in Engineering and Economics ISBN: 978-1-61804-230-9 147 3 Kanter, R. M. 2006.
Mathematical Methods in Engineering and Economics ISBN: 978-1-61804-230-9 148 32 Clausen, T. H.,Korneliussen, T,
Mathematical Methods in Engineering and Economics ISBN: 978-1-61804-230-9 149
Published on Horizon 2020 (http://ec. europa. eu/programmes/horizon2020 Innovation in SMES Horizon 2020 actively supports SMES by providing both direct financial support, and indirect support
Exiting the economic crisis and achieving the employment and growth targets of the Europe 2020 strategy requires a competitive industry that builds its competitiveness on innovation in
and underpin future economic growth jobs, and progress towards a resource-efficient economy ï Further leverage
†to achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living in member countries, while maintaining financial
economic growth and rising living standards †and provide social benefits Governments have recognised increasingly the contribution that â€oesocial entrepreneurship†can make to
implications for the economic growth potential of transition and developing countries SMES have an important role
Dept. of Economics 549 Evans Hall UC Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-3880 and NBER bhhall@nber. org
Performance in Canadian Manufacturingâ€, Canadian Journal of Economics Vol. 36 (3), pp. 634†657 Benavente, J. M. 2006), â€oethe Role of Research and Innovation in Promoting
Productivity in Chileâ€, Economics of Innovation and New Technology. Vol 15 (4/5), pp. 301-315
West German Manufacturing Industriesâ€, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 12, pp. 343-360
an Econometric Analysis at the Firm Levelâ€, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 7 (2), pp. 115-158
across Four European Countriesâ€, Oxford Review of Economic policy, Vol 22 (4), pp. 483-498 Griliches, Z. 1995), â€oer&d and Productivity:
Stoneman, P. ed.),Handbook of the Economics of Innovation and Technological Change, Oxford, 52-89
Knowledge-Driven Economyâ€, Economics of Innovation and New Technology Vol. 15 (4/5), pp. 289-299
Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 6 (1), pp. 29-49 Heckman, J. 1979), â€oesample Selection Bias as a Specification Errorâ€, Econometrica
a Sensitivity Analysisâ€, Economics of Innovation and New Technology. Vol. 15 (4/5), pp. 317-344
in Chinese Industryâ€, Economics of Innovation and New Technology. Vol 15 (4/5), pp. 345-366
â€, The Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 36 (2), pp. 253-256 Klette, T. J,
A New Approachâ€, International Journal of the Economics of Business, Vol 8 (3), pp. 343-364
Production Economics Vol. 76 (1), pp. 61-85 Mairesse, J, . and M. Sassenou (1991), â€oer&d Productivity:
Seven European Countriesâ€, Economics of Innovation and New Technology Vol. 15 (4/5), pp. 391-413
Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 16 (7), pp. 485-499 Potters, L.,R. Ortega-Argilã s,
-Factor Productivity Growthâ€, Economics of Innovation and New Technology Vol. 15 (4/5), pp. 367-390
U s. economic activity in the private sector based on service revenues exceeds 82%(Rae, 2005 Moreover the research is largely European in content.
Business Economics 6 (5): 327-347 Describes small businesses compared to large ones on the basis of strengths and
broad range of economic activities in a disparate set of industries across different countries 4. This section briefly explains
of production, such as land, labour and capital, towards knowledge-based economic activities. The ability of SMES in the OECD to create,
been the shift in economic activity away from a local or national sphere toward a much more international
The measures of transnational economic activity which prove there has been a strongly positive trend toward greater global activity include:
into knowledge-based economic activities 8. While some firms fell victim to the first strategy, many of the firms from OECD countries that
This alternative involves shifting economic activity out of traditional industries, where the high-cost countries of the OECD have lost their comparative advantage, and into
high levels of employment †knowledge based economic activity. Emerging comparative advantage that is 2 â€oethe Death of Distance, †The Economist, 30,september 1995
Given the shift in comparative advantage towards more knowledge based economic activity many scholars have predicted the demise of SMES.
But in fact, the share of economic activity accounted for by SMES has risen in most OECD countries.
This is consistent with economic theories of innovation and technical change where inputs to the innovative process are understood to be heterogeneous
externalities, ultimately innovative, activity and economic growth. 14 50. There is also theoretic debate about the effect of competition on innovative activity.
because it maximises the ability of firms to appropriate economic value accruing from their investments in
economic activities, but who share a common science base, is more conducive to innovation than a more
nature, and knowledge developed for a particular application can have economic value in very different applications.
An emerging economics literature demonstrates that knowledge spillovers are indeed geographically constrained. Data constraints can be overcome to study the extent of knowledge spillovers
There is considerable evidence that the transnational economic activities of SMES have been increasing over time. Not only has the absolute value of foreign direct investment activities by small and
Localization of Innovation, †Small Business Economics, 9 (1 february, 21-31 Arrow, Kenneth J.,1962,"Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention,"in R. R
Economic policy, 14 (2), 18-29 Audretsch, David B. and Maryann P. Feldman. 1996, â€oer&d Spillovers and the Geography of Innovation
Founded Businesses, †Small Business Economics, 10 (3), 213-225 Buckley, Peter J.,1997, â€oeinternational Technology Transfer by Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, 9 (1
Small Business Economics, February, 67-78 CEC, 1998, â€oeevaluation of SMES in the Fourth Framework Programmeâ€, evaluation document of the SME
between SMES€, working paper University of Gent, under review at Small Business Economics Cohen, W. and Levinthal, D.,1989, â€oeinnovation and Learning:
Economics, 9 (1 february, 53-66 Feldman, Maryann P.,1994, â€oeknowledge Complementarity and Innovation, †Small Business Economics
6 (3), 363-372 Feldman, Maryann P, . and David B. Audretsch, 1999, â€oescience-Based Diversity, Specialization, Localized
Gomes-Casseres, Benjamin, 1997, â€oealliance Strategies of Small Firms, †Small Business Economics, 9 (1
of Economics, 10,92-116 Griliches, Zwi. 1992, â€oethe Search for R&d Spill overs, †Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 94,29-47
Hirschman, A o.,1970, Exit, Voice, and Loyalty, Cambridge, MA: Harvard university Press Jacobs, Jane, 1969, The Economy of Cities, New york:
Evidenced by Patent Citations, †Quarterly Journal of Economics, 63,577-598 Keeble, D. and Lawson, C. eds.
Kohn, Tomas O.,1997, â€oesmall Firms as International Players, †Small Business Economics, 9 (1 february
The Economics of Small Firms: A European Challenge, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 25-41 Loveman, Gary and Werner Sengenberger, 1991, â€oethe Re-emergence of Small-scale Production
An International Comparison, †Small Business Economics, 3 (1), 1-38 Mustar, P.,1997, â€oehow French Academics create hi-tech companies:
Economics, 9 (3), 255-271 Saxenian, A.,1990, â€oeregional Networks and the Resurgence of Silicon valley, †California Management
Economics, 1 (2), 129-136 Schwalbach, Joachim, 1994, â€oesmall Business Dynamics in Europe, †Small Business Economics
6 (1), 21-26 Simon, Hermann, 1992, â€oelessons from Germany†s Midsize Giants, †Harvard Business Review
Sternberg, R.,1996, †Technology Policies and the Growth of Regions, †Small Business Economics, 8 (2
The Example of the Federal republic of germany, †Small Business Economics, 2 (2), 105 -118 Sternberg, Rolf, 1996, â€oetechnology Policies and the Growth of Regionsâ€, Small Business Economics, 8 (2
75-86 Van dijk, Meine Pieter, 1995, â€oeflexible Specialisation, The New Competition and Industrial Districts, †Small Business Economics, 7 (1), 15-28
Von Hipple, E.,1994, â€oesticky Information and the Locus of Problem solving: Implications for Innovation, †Management Science, 40,429-439
and Firm Dynamics, †Small Business Economics 7 (1), 29-40 Wagner, Joachim, 1997, â€oefirm Size and Job Quality†A Survey of the Evidence from Germany, â€
Small Business Economics, 9 (5), 411-425 WK1 36 Zucker, L.,Darby, M. and Armstrong, J.,1994, †Intellectual Capital and the Firm:
institutions working with economic growth issues, such as Tillvã¤xtverket and Näringsdepartementet, as well as those working with innovation activities such as
has given a central role to â€oeknowledge†in economic growth (Neale 1984. Empirical evidence shows that countries with higher R&d activities per employee have higher levels of
behavior, and the general beliefs predominant in the economic system (Burgess 2009 Commons 1924, Cooley 1956, Weber 1968, Powell and Dimaggio 1991
The paper solidifies the issue of knowledge†s impact on the economic value of product development by proposing new concepts such as the Knowledge Embedded Value
and the non-originality of the economic theory all stem, to a large extent, from negligence of the role played by SMES
non-originality of the economic theory, stem, to a large extent, from negligence of the role played by SMES
Economics and Statistics 73 (3), 441†450 Audretsch, D. B. and Mahmood, T. 1994. Firm selection and industry evolution:
Journal of Evolutionary Economics 4 (3), 243†260 Australian Bureau of Statistics. 1988). ) Catalogue1321. 0. AGPS.
Journal of Evolutionary Economics 7 (4), 435†457 Barnard, C. 1938. The functions of the executive.
A firm-level analysis. Cambridge Journal of Economics 30 (3), 435†458 Camagni, R. 1991.
Economics of Innovation and New Technology 14 (1†2), 43†61 Cefis, E. and Marsili, O. 2005.
European Economic growth 39 (5), 859†887 Cohen, W. M. and Levinthal, D. A. 1989. Innovation and learning:
International Review of Applied Economics 16 (3), 265†276 Covin, J. G. and Slevin, D. P. 1989.
Economics 12 (4), 519†542 Cyert, R. M. and Hedrick, C. L. H. 1972. Theory of the firm:
of the role of education and competence development in macro economic growth. Paper prepared for the OECD Directorate for Social affairs, Manpower and Educationâ€
Journal of Industrial Economics 35 (4), 567†581 Evans, D. S. 1987b. Tests of alternative theories of firm growth.
Economics 14 (3), 195†210 Freeman, C. and Sote, L. 1997. The economics of industrial revolution.
Third Edition London, UK: Penguin Books Galbraith, J. 1982. The stages of growth. Journal of Business Strategy 3 (Fall), 70†79
The Empirical Renaissance in Industrial Economics 35 (4), 583†606 Hall, R. E. and Jones, C i. 1999.
Quarterly Journal of Economics 114 (1), 83†116 Hannan, M. T. and Freeman, J. 1977.
Department of Industrial Management and Economics, Chalmers University of Technology Jain, B. A. and Nag, B. N. 1997.
of management and Economics, No. 24, Ph d dissertation, Linkã ping, Sweden Klofsten, M. 1992b. Tidiga utvecklingsprocesser I teknikbaserade fã retag†En
International Journal of the Economics of Business 8 (3), 343†364 Knight, F. 1971. Risk, Uncertainty and Profit.
The Journal of Industrial Economics 33 (3: 327†338 Laforge, R. W. and Miller, S. J. 1987.
BAS Publishing, School of business, Economics and Law, Gothenburg University Lawrence, P. R. and Lorsch, J. W. 1967.
Management and Economics, Chalmers University of Technology 117 Lindholm, Ã. 1994. The economics of technology-related ownership changes:
A study of innovativeness and growth through acquisitions and spin-offs. Phd Dissertation Gothenburg, Sweden: Chalmers University of Technology (ISBN 91-7197-054
economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics 107 (2), 407†437 Mansfield, E. 1962. Entry, Gibrat†s law, innovation,
and the growth of firms. The American Economic Review 52 (5), 1023†1051 March, J. G. and Simon, H. A. 1958.
The source for positivism in economics. Economica 51 (203), 307†318 Motwani, J.,Dandridge, T.,Jiang, J. and Soderquist, K. 1999.
economic growth. A e. R. Papers and Proc 56 (May), 69†75 Nelson, R. R. and Winter, S g. 1978.
Bell Journal of Economics 9 (2), 524†548 Nelson, R. and Winter, S. 1982. An evolutionary theory of economic change.
Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 14 (1 141†164 Nonaka, I. and Takeuchi, H. 1995.
The Journal of Media Economics 7 (2), 39†53 Peel, M. J. 1985. Timeliness of accounting reports
logistic analysis. University of Liverpool, Discussion papers in Economics, No. 54 October), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Post Keynesian Economics 25 (1), 105†121 Polanyi, M. 1967. The tacit dimension. Garden City, New york:
The Economics of Business enterprise: An Introduction to Economic Organization and the Theory of the Firm.
Economics 1 (1), 51†64 Rothwell, R. 1991. External networking and innovation in small and medium-sized
Human wealth and economic growth. The Humanist 19, 71†81 Schultz, T. W. 1971. Investment in human capital:
Small Business Economics 4 (2 125†131 Wamsley, G. L. and Zald, M. N. 1973.
The economics of organization: The transaction cost approach American Journal of Sociology 87 (3), 548†577
Transaction cost economics and organization theory. In N. J Smelser and R. Swedberg (eds. The Handbook of Economic Sociology.
notion into the field of economics, Schumpeter derives from it the notion of business and
economic growth. It also and especially refers to the voluntary actions taken jointly by entrepreneurs and organizations to appropriate the innovative process,
by Polanyi (1944), who redefines the field of what constitutes economics. It should be recalled that Polanyi defines the economy as a dynamic set of social processes which are
G. and L. Soete,(ed.)Technical change and economic theory, New york, Pinter, pp 221-238 Flichy, P. 1995) L†innovation technique.
Technical Change and Economic theory, New york, Pinter, pp. 349 -369 Maillat, D. 1992) Milieux et dynamique territoriale de l'innovation.
in economics, Universitã de Paris 1. 711 p Tremblay, D.-G. 1992. Innovation et marchã s internes du travail dans le secteur bancaire
However, the global economic crisis had a rapid and significant negative impact on innovation worldwide. OECD figures reveal7 that total OECD-area business expenditure on research and
economic growth and prosperity. ††RIS Guide 18 Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation (RIS3
ensuring that there will be economic growth. The entrepreneurial knowledge is used to define each RIS3 and it is known as †the entrepreneurial process of discovery18.
•Increased economic growth •Better products and services •Initiatives towards solving societal challenges In 2009, public procurements accounted for about 19%of the European Union†s GDP,
problem is particularly urgent in a period of economic crisis and shortage of bank loans to industry, as
converting scientific knowledge into economic activity, and leading to the creation of a network for business start-ups and knowledge transfer.
are crucial for fostering economic growth within local companies allowing for a better †entrepreneurial process of discovery†and resulting in better RIS3
the School in Business Economics and Law at the University of Gothenburg allows master students in
Business Economics to do an internship within a growing SME. The programme matches entrepreneurial students with SMES showing potential growth or experiencing a form of growth barrier
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