the natural route to the labour market, the sharp economic downturn in Andalusia may stimulate a greater willingness to embrace self employment and other forms of entrepreneurship.
growth from the mid 1990s up until the present economic downturn, the continued lack of medium
formation, economic growth and infrastructure development. This is as true of Spain as it is of other economies round the world.
economic crisis which hit Spain disproportionately, the regional economy of Andalusia has faltered badly with sharp drops in both gross domestic product (GDP) and employment
Andalusia†s European economic identity mirrored that of Spain just before the economic crisis as the nation began an impressive catch up race with its more prosperous European counterparts
necessitating new forms of economic activity, there is a greater push for new types of skills businesses and governance.
making new goods and services and generating economic growth. Universities now engage in industrial innovation through a variety of channels, including learning by researching, learning by
making an environment and the quality of local life conducive to entrepreneurial economic activity The emphasis a region puts on any one of the two approaches is to some extent dependent on their
economic activity. Increasingly even economically less prosperous regions such as Andalusia are being exhorted to court entrepreneurship as part of an effective economic development strategy
provide an initial analysis of the key facts about the Andalusia economic system and the entrepreneurship and SME policy context.
Acs Z.,2008, †Foundations Of high Impact Entrepreneurshipâ€, Jena Economics Research Papers, n 2008-60
The recent economic crisis has struck Spain severely, and Andalusia has been no exception Whilst between 1997 and 2007 regional employment had increased at an annual rate of 6. 6%,higher
its economic policies as well as the importance given to business innovation and entrepreneurship as the main drivers of local development
Policy, Economic growth and Convergenceâ€, Springer, Heidelberg CHAPTER II: HUMAN CAPITAL AND THE LABOUR MARKET Introduction Human capital development and labour market dynamics play a key role in a knowledge-based
increased, this is not employed appropriately enough to contribute significantly to economic growth Cuadrado-Roura, 2010 At present, Andalusia is experiencing an unemployment rate above 26.5%(as compared to 18
During the recent economic crisis, Andalusian universities have seen enrolment increase by over two percent In addition, the changing demographic structure in the region has affected labour market
Economics and business administration departments in public universities are disconnected often from the local business community and, in response, business associations and chambers of commerce have created
During economic crisis, it is particularly important to stimulate business to create more jobs. RETA might help the regional
such as regional economic growth and competitiveness, can be contradictory. Job training seeks to help economically or educationally
contribute to economic growth not just by producing own products but also input to other firms allowing them to innovate in their processes or markets.
Economics and Statistics, 72,4: 551-559 Bates, T. 1995. Self employment Entry Across Groups. Journal of Business Venturing 10,143-156
the Politics and Economics of Race in America. New york Cambridge university Press Castells, M. 1996. The Rise of the Network Society.
Economic growth and Workforce Development in the 1990s. Economic Development Quarterly, 14,340-359 Glaeser, E. L. and M. Resseger. 2009.
Quarterly Journal of Economics 107,33-60 Laurent, J.,Periã¡Ã ez, I. & I. W. Petit de Gabriel. 2010.
geared to favouring economic growth first and thus to give priority to the pro industry approach. â€
Paper Manufacturing. †In Microfoundations of Economic growth: A Schumpeterian Perspective, eds Gunnar Eliasson and et al.
and economic growth. There is a relationship between the entrepreneurial spirit and economic results in terms of growth, consolidation of the business framework, innovation, job creation, technological
above synopsis indicates that the rapid economic growth and other gains experienced in recent decades, which have resulted in the region approaching national averages,
innovation, competitiveness and economic growth in all regions, including Andalusia The region has deployed numerous public instruments
certainly not been spared from the economic crisis. The construction and real estate sectors have been severely affected, and so as has agriculture and, to a lesser extent, tourism.
increase in jobs during the period of economic growth from the mid 1990s up until the present
economic downturn in 2007/2008, the continued lack of mittelstand firms, medium-sized firms between 50 and 500 employees, demonstrates an underlying structural problem
The global economic downturn has worsened probably this situation: the most recent data available indicate that the larger firm sectors,
Spanish regions in the face of the economic downturn. Broken down by sector, it is apparent that the
Group of Agricultural and Environmental Economics, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80-56124 Pisa, Italy.
As a small open economy with 50 percent of its economic activity accounted for by international
demand-side economic policies of larger countries. It has developed therefore a series of institutional arrangements over a long time period that underpins its relative economic success. A particular set of
The recent economic crisis has made things worse, striking Andalusia harder than the rest of Spain, which has been in itself severely hit by recession
Department of Business Economics International Doctorate in Entrepreneurship and Management DOCTORAL DISSERTATION Degree of Doctor of philosophy †Ph d
Submitted to the Department of Business Economics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of philosophy †Ph d. by the
major driver of economic growth: entrepreneurship. It is acknowledged widely that entrepreneurship is one of the most important forces that shape the changes in the
economic growth, productivity, innovation and employment. In this sense, many countries members and partners of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and
the current economic crisis, as it is widely viewed as a key aspect of economic dynamism. It is acknowledged that economic crises are historically times of industrial
human resource management, economics and finance marketing, international business and corporate entrepreneurship In the field of entrepreneurship, Alvarez and Busenitz (2001) present RBV through the
1991), organizational economics (Rogers, 2004), international business (Eriksson et al 1997; Lane et al. 2001; Zahra et al.
highlighted as an important factor for aggregate economic growth and performance over time. In fact, Schumpeter (1934) was among the first to emphasize the role of
environment of the economic crisis in which our research is inserted. It would be explained by a stochastic factor, namely,
the economic crisis from 2008 on, and it would be reflected in the growth rates presented by SMES.
economic crisis and so on Returning to our research questions and aims stated in Section 1, the first objective
with the situational uncertainty and the current economic crisis, large economies are facing difficulties due to recessions in their domestic markets.
Small Business Economics, 31,305-322 Akman, G. and Yilmaz, C. 2008. Innovative capability, innovation strategy and
Review of World Economics, 146,657-689 Capelleras, J. L. and Greene, F. J. 2008. The determinants and growth implications of
Small Business Economics, 21,409-422 Emsley, D. 2005. Restructuring the management accounting function: a note on the
The Journal of Industrial Economics, 35,567-81 Fariã as, J. C. and Martã n-Marcos, A. 2007.
Small Business Economics, 24,205-231 Rhee, J.,Park, T. and Lee, D. H. 2010. Drivers of innovativeness and performance for
Absorptive capability and economic growth: how do countries catch up? Cambridge Journal of Economics, 28,577-596 152
Roper, S. and Love, J. H. 2002. Innovation and export performance: evidence from the UK and German manufacturing plants.
Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 14 431-461 Schreider, J. B.,Stage, F. K.,King, J.,Nora, A. and Barlow, E. A. 2006.
Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 17,161-85 Urban, B. 2008. The prevalence of entrepreneurial orientation in a developing country
economic growth: evidence from GEM data. Small Business Economics, 24,335 -350 Yamada, K. and Eshima, Y. 2009.
Impact of entrepreneurial orientation: Longitudinal analysis of small technology firms in Japan. The Academy of Management, Annual
With the economic crisis in Europe and the US, activities for incremental innovation are located increasingly close to the more dynamic
with the current economic downturn Concerning FDI, the data shows that the EU is still the
With the economic crisis, outward foreign direct investment flows of European firms have reached the level of FDI flows inside the European union
economic crisis. Technology production in the US when measured in PCT patent applications, was more heavily affected by the economic crisis, although
there has also been a clear recovery trend since 2010 Even though both the EU and the US have increased
Schã n, L. 2009) †Technological Waves and Economic growth †Sweden in an International Perspective 1850-2005â€
Department of Industrial Economics and International Management Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW L 7, 1
comparability of patent data is limited due to different economic values a patent may represent, different degrees of technological novelty and different degrees of actual
patent data is limited due to different economic values a patent may represent, different degrees of technological novelty and different regulations of national patent offices, patent
Patents represent different economic values and different degrees of technological novelty Though many efforts have been made to quantify the value of patents, e g. through
These patents are likely to represent higher economic values since these applications are more costly than applying just at a single national patent office
2009, and hardly any has considered systematically the impacts of the economic crisis, which further limits the accuracy of market forecasts
http://hesa. etui-rehs. org/uk/dossiers/files/Nano-economics. pdf 3. 3. 1. Nanotechnology cluster Europe:
multinational enterprises act as anchor companies to stimulate economic growth, while network organisations are in place to nurture academia-industry collaborations
http://hesa. etui-rehs. org/uk/dossiers/files/Nano-economics. pdf 18 http://www. nanoforum. org/dateien/temp/European percent20nanotechnology percent20infrastructures percent20and
stimulate economic growth. This market structure of a scientific base with MNES acting as anchor companies offers start-ups a good opportunity to settle down on the interface between
http://hesa. etui-rehs. org/uk/dossiers/files/Nano-economics. pdf Chapter 3 Nanotechnology EN 83error!
http://hesa. etui-rehs. org/uk/dossiers/files/Nano-economics. pdf 37 http://unit. aist. go. jp/nanotech/apnw/articles/library3/pdf/3-34. pdf
http://hesa. etui-rehs. org/uk/dossiers/files/Nano-economics. pdf 41 http://eco-pro. biz/ecopro2009/events/E1000. php?
http://hesa. etui-rehs. org/uk/dossiers/files/Nano-economics. pdf Chapter 3 Nanotechnology EN 89error!
During economic downturns production drops sharply but when the economy recovers, semiconductor production does so as well.
Owing to the recent economic downturn, sales had declined by 5. 9 percent in 2009 Regarding the market size in different world regions,
and 2) interactions with actors of related economic activities. Several initiatives support collaborative research efforts between industry and academia and firms (as outlined in the
During economic downturns production drops sharply but when the economy recovers semiconductor production does so as well.
development efforts even in times of economic downturn in order to stay fully operational and innovative when the economy catches up again.
assigned to one industrial or institutional sector based on their main economic activity. In Europe and East asia, applicants from the chemical industry clearly dominate, while in North
transmission media which allow transferring new scientific knowledge in economic activities and thus introducing new biotechnological products and methods on the market.
provide economic stability and strong international research links. Instead, this role is filled in part by larger public research
provide economic stability and strong international research links. Instead, this role in case of Optecbb is filled in part by larger public research
as most other KETS, contribute to economic growth through two ways. On the other hand, photonics applications can help to increase the efficiency of production processes
In the economics of materials, newly introduced materials often reach their maximum penetration rate only after
industrial employer and an important driver of economic growth in the region (ECRN, 2010 82 We only consider those clusters in Europe with high focus
arrive at global sales (prior to the economic crisis of 2009) of more than 150 billion When growth in the different subfields is analysed, the compound annual growth rate ranges
to technology development as a basis for economic growth. European countries tend to emphasise the funding of (basic) research and industry-science collaboration, though they also
Research Program (SBIR), Small Business Economics 20,129-135 Baptista, R. 1999), The diffusion of process innovations:
the Economics of Business 6, 107-129 Barrel, A. 2004), Innovation Champions Network †The Cambridge Cluster Description
international diffusion of environmental innovations, Ecological Economics 52, 5†17 Biatour, B c. Chatelain, C. Kegels.
Analysis at the Firm Level, Economics of Innovation and New Technology 7, 115†158 David, P. 1997), Path dependence and the quest for historical economics:
One more chorus of the balad of QWERTY, Discussion Papers in Economic and Social History 20, Oxford:
China's evolving institutions and firm capabilities, Journal of Asian Economics 19, 301†311 Doc (2007), Opportunities in Canada†s IT corridor †Industry Sector Analysis, Washington:
Journal of Economics 19, 243†256 Fagerberg, J. 2000), Technological progress, structural change and productivity growth:
European countries, Oxford Review of Economic policy 22, 483†498 Griliches, Z. 1990), Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators:
Inventions, The Review of Economics and Statistics 81, 511†515 Harhoff, D.,F. M. Scherer, K. Vopel (2003), Citations, Family Size, Opposition and the Value of
Helpman, E. 1998), General Purpose Technology and Economic growth, Boston: MIT House of commons (2003), UK Biotechnology Industry, London:
and Long-term Economic growth, Oxford: Oxford university Press Liu, S.-J. 2007), Changsha government arranged the marriage of production industries trees produce
Lucas, R. E. 1988), On the Mechanics of Economic Development, Journal of Monetary Economics 22, 3†42
Technology and Economic growth in the Age of Globalization, Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 255ff Mowery, D c.,J. T. Macher, A. Di Minin (2007), The"Non-Globalization"of Innovation in the
Technology and Economics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Sargent, J. F. 2008), Nanotechnology: A Policy Primer, CRS Report for Congress, Washington
International Economics and Economic policy 1, 215†246 van Beuzekom, B.,A. Arundel (2009), OECD Biotechnology Statistics 2009, Paris. OECD
a Hasselt University, Faculty of business Economics, KIZOK/Innovation Management, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan-Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
their research within a broader economic growth perspective as this paper reveals that OI practices are connected closely to a
Change and Economic theory, Pinter Publishers, London, 1988 41 M. P. Hekkert, S. O. Negro, Functions of innovation systems as a framework to understand sustainable technological change:
46 C. Freeman, Continental, national and sub-national innovation systems†complementarity and economic growth, Res. Policy 31 (2)( 2002) 191†211
Evolutionary Economics and Path Dependency, Elgar, Cheltenham, 1997 61 R. Rothwell, Successful industrial innovation: critical factors for the 1990s, R&d Manage. 22 (1992) 221†239
73 J. Stiglitz, C. E. Walsh, Economics, third edition W. W. Norton & Company, New york, 2002
The Economics of Innovation and Corporate Strategy, MIT Press, Cambridge and London, 2001 76 D. A. Levinthal, J. G. March, The myopia of learning, Strategic Management Journal 14 (1993) 95†112
81 B.-Ã. Lundvall, P. Intarakumnerd, J. Vang-Lauridsen, Asia's Innovation Systems in Transition, New Horizons in the Economics of Innovation Series, Elgar
or an MSC in engineering, economics or physics, there is typically a dimension beyond IT to their studies.
Master of Economics University of Aarhus 1989 MDP program Cranfield University Diego Calegari IBM 2013 †today
economic growth and a vector for disseminating the research and development results. The increase of the small and medium businesses sector had a positive influence upon the businesses
more economic growth, employment, a better balance of payments, improve the labor conditions etc. There is clearly a link between microeconomic issues such as entrepreneurial startups and
All of the regions in Ireland have potential for economic growth and employment creation. It is critical that we focus on the potential within regions to position them as key contributors
economic downturn. Persons employed in Craft and Related Occupations have declined by 49 percent in the South East since Q2 2007, compared to a 39 percent decline nationally.
despite some set-backs arising from the global economic crisis. Gartner predicted that the global outsourcing industry would see a 10-15 percent annual growth over
contribute a greater proportion to overall economic growth. Urban centres are attractors for knowledge intensive and services activities,
return to overall economic growth Regional Competitiveness for Enterprise Ensuring an optimum business environment'on the ground'within the regions requires a
The current economic downturn has resulted in a significant increase in unemployment across the country, primarily within construction, retail/hospitality and manufacturing activities
The current economic downturn, the pace at which unemployment has been increasing and uncertainty have exacerbated fears and a call
As a developed economy (facing significant challenges in the current economic downturn successful enterprise development is premised upon enhanced skills and innovation, leading
In terms of economic activity, the most prominent sectors in employment terms are the public sector, the financial services sector, and the retail trade sector.
rapid economic growth Points of Interest ï§With well over a third of Ireland†s population, the East region is the most populous and
the impacts in terms of a decline in economic activity and increases in unemployment. The more recent downturn in employment is marked particularly in both the construction and
context of the current economic downturn, it is even more challenging. Having said that there are a number of global drivers that will continue to have implications for how
country), is to shift economic growth toward export oriented sectors and activities and to stimulate employment opportunities in particular
-ness Economics 16 (1), 37†51 Barney, J. 1991. â€oefirm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage, â€
-ness Economics 9 (1), 53†66 Fiol, C. M. 1996. â€oesqueezing Harder Doesn†t Always Work:
global economic crisis, rising concerns about the sustainability of sovereign debt in Greece and a number
Following a protracted economic crisis, Ukraine bounces back to 73rd position in this year†s GCI. The
Putting economic growth on a more stable footing in future will require Ukraine to address important challenges.
economic growth, remains a major challenge for the country despite some improvement in recent years, with particular concerns about the quality of roads (120th
the economic growth of China and other Asian emerging economies, and the sovereign debt crisis in Southern
Europe that is affecting the economic growth forecast in all of Europe. Against this backdrop, boosting national competitiveness by raising productivity is the best way
to ensure economic growth over the longer term and increase the region†s resilience to economic shocks
economic activities will require higher levels of skills and innovation in order to increase their competitiveness potential Panama, at 40th place and nine ranks up since last
economic activity, the country still benefits from well -functioning institutions (24th) and good infrastructure 22nd). ) Moreover, a very high quality educational system
support economic growth going into the future Jordan improves by seven positions to 64th rank The country was affected considerably by the global
financial and economic crisis in recent years. GDP growth slowed down to 2. 3 percent annually in 2010 and
Many economic policy challenges lie ahead for the new government to put the country on a sustainable
from the global economic crisis, when GDP growth dropped to 2. 8 percent in 2009. These developments
and Economics, SNAME Greek Section Athens, Greece, 17†18 Sept 2012 6. Ilves, I.:Benchmarking of green corridors version 1. Supergreen deliverable D2. 4
the fields of climate, agriculture, transportation and economics. It will be presenting suggestions as to how Denmark in the future can phase out fossil fuels,
framework of a technology competition held by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology in close cooperation with the Ministry for the Environment, Nature
-E-Energy-Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWI -Innovation policy, information society, telecommunications. E-Energy
funding programme E-Energy (Federal Ministry for Economics and Technology R&d Framework, Programmes & Policy Germany
Federal Ministry for Economics and Technology www. e-energy. de/documents/2009-02-23 untersuchung des normungs -und standardisierungsumfeldes e-Energy (1). pdf
economic value is understood relatively well, yet its potential for solving large-scale social challenges remains largely untapped.
economic value, but that result in large -scale social impact. At the present mo -ment, the Internet offers unprecedented
-ment and economic growth for the area of Barcelona35 69growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe
Commission estimates the economic value of the PSI market at approximately â 40 billion per annum. The 2013 revision of the
Europe is facing major economic challenges that require an ambitious economic policy for the 21st century.
crucial part of Europe's response to the economic crisis. So is having a strategic and integrated
and aims to deliver sustainable economic growth and social benefits from Information and Communication Technologies (ICT.
knowledge resources and linking them to a limited number of priority economic activities countries and regions can become â€
economic system is considered often in isolation ï¿They are not in tune with the industrial and economic fabric of the region;
critical in the current economic crisis where public and private financial resources are scarce The smart specialisation concept therefore promotes efficient, effective and synergetic use of
to boost economic growth and prosperity 14 For more information about previous innovation activities funded by the EU,
wide view of innovation that spans across economic activities and involves many sectors of the civic society
22 Neffke F. and Svensson Henning M. 2009), Skill-relatedness and firm diversification, Papers on Economics and
Jena Evolutionary Economics Group, Max Plank Institute of Economics 23 Henning M.,Moodysson J. and Nilsson M. 2010), Innovation and Regional Transformation:
of innovation for job and economic value creation The elaboration of the overall vision for the future requires the identification of the combined
perceived as important for economic growth, what are the challenges and barriers how the next programming period will still support them
Evolutionary economics Economic geography Policy Experimentation RIS-RITTS 1994-2004 Innovation Union self-assessment tool Regional Innovation Monitor
specialisation patterns and compare economic activities, including agriculture, and strengths with other regions in the EU
Universities dealing with economics, public policy and administration, as well as those dealing with specific policy areas (such as industry, health, agriculture
economic growth, innovation and increased productivity. Data from the 2010 Digital Competitiveness report77 reveals that while representing 5%of GDP, ICT
economic growth through the realisation of the digital single market and the exploitation of the potential for innovation of fast and ultra fast internet and
economic growth. For instance, copyright rules are based nationally and therefore prevent the full harnessing of the digital single market.
generating economic growth and employment and strengthening the competitiveness of the EU economy. They bear enormous market potential.
•are vital for the emergence of new economic activities and the creation of new and sustainable job opportunities101
social and economic value. In this regard, it has a pivotal role in answering together with private stakeholders and the civil society) today's major societal
Exiting the economic crisis and achieving the employment and growth targets of the Europe 2020 strategy requires a competitive industry that builds its competitiveness on innovation in
and underpin future economic growth jobs, and progress towards a resource-efficient economy ï Further leverage
EU Research and Innovation can help to exit the current economic crisis With an ageing population and strong competition from emerging economies, Europe†s future economic growth and job
creation must come from innovation in products, services and business models. There is strong evidence that countries
economic growth and global exports. It provides citizens, societies and economies with essential resources and means of mobility
There needs to be a decoupling of economic growth from resource use With natural resources becoming scarcer, encouraging a more
to promote innovation and economic growth in the EU, while protecting Europe†s society, economy, assets and fundamental
1. 2 The Fundamental Role of ICTS in Modern Economic growth and Development 2. THE BUSINESS CASE FOR ENGAGEMENT 9
The past fifty years have witnessed a â€oerevolution†in global economic growth. Yet not everyone has participated in this revolution
1. 2 The Fundamental Role of ICTS in Modern Economic growth and Development Unbound from the strictures of the PTT days, ICT has become the foundation of every sector of every
number of critical obstacles to economic growth (see Box 1 BOX 1 ICTS HELP ADDRESS ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY OBSTACLES
challenge is the fact that much economic activity among the poor goes unmeasured by surveys, meaning that
which keeps much economic activity in the informal sector. 16 But positive business environment trends are taking place.
Drivers for international economic growth and development †offering equity investments, loans, and technical assistance for entrepreneurs and existing companies seeking to establish
precondition for converting large revenues from extractive industries into economic growth and poverty reduction When transparency and accountability are weak,
of Telecoms on Economic growth in Developing Countries. †In Vodafone 2005. Africa: The Impact of Mobile phones.
Telecoms on Economic growth in Developing Countries. †In Vodafone 2005. Africa: The Impact of Mobile phones.
Economic growth, and Reduce Poverty in Developing Countries Jane Nelson 2006 Tanzania: Lessons in Building Linkages for Competitive and Responsible Entrepreneurship
Books, for over 50 years the world†s leading bookstore for politics, economics, and area studies.
b Department of City and Regional Development, University of Economics and Business Administration, Roã auer Laâ nde 23
-versity of Economics and Business Adminis -tration. He has been doing research on industrial change, innovation,
Baltic International Centre For Economic policy Studies (BICEPS), Latvia: Alf Varnags, Zane Ledusk -rasta Impressum Prof.
and entertainment), health care services and environmental economics etc. The busi -ness start-up initiative †B. E g.
27 Path dependency is used a concept in evolutionary and institutional economics to explain a †lock-in†to a
Small Business Economics 10,213-225 Brusco, S. 1986: Small firms and industrial districts: The experience of Italy.
Small Business Economics 8, 159-171 Cooke, P. 1998: Introduction: origins of the concept. In:
Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 13,401-427 Dei Ottati, G. 1991: The economic bases of diffuse industrialisation.
Cambridge Journal of Economics 27,501-522 Dei Ottati, G. 2004: Trust and economic development in Italy.
Small Business Economics 21 (4), 409-422 Feldman, M. P. 1994: The Geography of Innovation.
Economics of Science, Technology and Innovation 2 Dordrecht et al.:Kluwer Academic Publishers Feldman, M. P.,J. Francis and J. Bercovitz (2005:
-ness Economics 5, 129-156 Freel, M. 1998: Evolution, innovation and learning: evidence from case studies. Entrepreneurship & Re
of Economics 23,167-185 Maskell, P.,H. Eskelinen, I. Hannibalsson, A. Malmberg and E. Vatne (1998):
Small Business Economics 11, 101†111 Moulaert, F. and F. Sekia (2003: Territorial Innovation Models:
Journal of Industrial Economics 45,297-306 Pedersen, C. R. and B. Dalum (2004: Incremental versus radical change:
Economics,#0609. Troy, New york: RPI Piscitello, L. and F. Sgobbi (2004: Globalisation, E-business and SMES:
Small Business Economics 22 (5), 333-347 Porter, M. 1998: Clusters and the new Economics of Competition.
Harvard Business Review (11-12), 77 -90 Porter, M. 2000: Location, Competition and Economic Development:
Economic policy Reforms and the Indian Economy. New delhi: Oxford university Press, pp. 169-210 Saxenian, A. 2004:
Small Business Economics 21,115-34 Simmie J, J. Sennett, P. Wood and D. Hart (2003:
The resurgence of regional economics, ten years later. European Urban and Regional Studies 2, 191-221
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