indicators (KPIS) on the environment, economy and service quality •To analyse the role of advanced technical measures, the so-called green tech
The benefits would affect fuel economy operation time variables, safety and reliability. At the same time, it was seen also that
The energy economy on the way to the internet era -dena-Netzstudie II (Grid Study: Integration of renewable energies in the
promising research areas including those enabling a sustainable economy. As an example  â€oe  †technologies in the domains of energy and environmental protection
Society, economy, and even human psychology itself are undergoing an irreversible change, which we as citizens and
and economy solutions, such as crowdfunding for social good projects (104 The network analysis shows that although there are few very active organisations
the collaborative economy, cities and public services; open tools and distributed architectures; and citizen engagement and direct democracy
such as Avaaz and parts of the collaborative economy and the maker movement. Yet services that exist to help communities collaborate on problems that may not fit in tra
economy;( (4) new ways of making;(5) open democracy; and (6) acceleration and incubation. Crowdmapping DSI organisations and their activities:
Collaborative economy Awarness network Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data Open Hardware Organisations M or
Collaborative economy Awarness network Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data Open Hardware Organisations M or
the collaborative economy, local exchange and trading systems, digital currencies, and awareness networks that incentivise experimentation with new models in a variety of domains.
involves society and the economy, driven by the fast evolution of ICT. More than five billion additional people will connect
Health and Wellbeing, Finance and Economy, Energy and Environment, Education and Skills, Culture and Arts, Work and Employment, Participation and Democracy, Neighbourhood Regeneration, Science
Economy Open Democracy Funding Acceleration and Incubation The organisations and projects identified to date can roughly be grouped within
-racy,(3) The collaborative economy 4) Awareness networks enabling sustainable behaviours and lifestyles,(5 Open Access and (6) funding, accelera
The collaborative economy †and the many other umbrella terms used to describe the rise of digital marketplaces for people to make transactions and share skills, assets and
The Collaborative Economy has been documented by organisations like the P2p Foundation, Nesta, and Ouishare Across the world the burgeoning field of collaborative consumption is using digital
ECONOMY New collaborative socioeconomic models that present novel characteristics, and enable people to share skills, knowledge, food
Ouishare SHARING ECONOMY NETWORK Ouishare is a global collaborative consumption network founded in January 2012.
the focus of the economy to one that can find new ways to connect, create and share on the web.
two primary activities, Ouishare. net and collaborative economy events. Ouishare. net is an online community where members
which brings together the global collaborative economy community. The 2014 event took place in Paris
the collaborative economy In parallel thousands of alternative currencies are in use †some focused on localities
economies work †for example, valorising labour time equally, or linking currencies to data. In East Africa the development of M-PESA (a mobile financial payment system born
Goteo SHARING ECONOMY NETWORK A vibrant ecosystem of makers is developing across Europe and globally.
and sharing economy platforms likeâ Peerbyâ Â are creating new forms of relationships and services.
commons-based knowledge economy. The project is a joint research effort sponsored by the Coordinating Ministry
Finance and Economy Energy and Environment Participation and Democracy Smart public services Science and technology Education and skills
Collaborative economy Awarness network TECHNOLOGY AREAS Open Hardware Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data Arduino
Finance and Economy Energy and Environment Participation and Democracy Smart public services Science and technology Education and skills
Collaborative economy Awarness network TECHNOLOGY AREAS Open Hardware Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data Arduino
-laborative economy and open knowledge is the specialty of the second largest †but also more scattered †community (7. 41
economy and society by complementing the telecommunications regulatory en -vironment, modernising copyright rules simplifying rules for consumers making
to help the EU economy become more competitive, based on sustainable and inclusive growth fuelled by energy and
democracy, and the collaborative economy These platforms based on open technol -ogy can gather and integrate information
the Mayor has designed programmes for the sharing economy and citizen engagement. Colombia set up a centre
new solutions to reduce unemployment and minimise its corrosive effects on the economy and society.
economies. New forms of data control and data collective ownership by citizens should be encouraged. For instance, in the UK, the government backedâ Midataâ pro
therefore allowing for innovation in the wider economy based on the Future Internet users must be able to come (no barriers to entry)
a. Collaborative economy b. Digital social innovation in cities and public services c. Open tools and distributed architectures
for cities, regions, health authorities and universities to pilot large-scale DSI experiments around collaborative economy, direct
Within the single digital social market it should be easier for digital social innovations such as collaborative economy and crowd
/making-sense-uk-collaborative-economy Manchester Institute of Innovation Research Compendium of Evidence on Innovation Policy
economy ï¿inclusive growth, fostering a high employment economy delivering economic, social and territorial cohesion Investing more in research,
innovation and entrepreneurship is at the heart of Europe 2020 and a crucial part of Europe's response to the economic crisis.
integrated approach to harness the potential for smart growth and the knowledge economy in all
development of an economy based on knowledge and innovation remains a fundamental challenge for the EU as a whole.
towards a resource-efficient and low carbon economy, offering opportunities in domestic and global markets.
role for every national and regional economy, including both leader and less advanced territories It embraces a broader concept of innovation,
have a role to play in the knowledge economy, provided that they can identify comparative
and remain †competitive in the global economy. This type of specialisation allows regions to take advantage of scale, scope and spillovers in knowledge
economy offer a much greater chance of success. Imitating other regions by trying to create
However, who has the entrepreneurial knowledge in the regional economy? It may be held by firms, which is often the case in'advanced'regions rich in entrepreneurial experiments and
economies of scope and spillovers) which are likely to materialise between an existing activity and a new one.
RIS3 needs to be based on a sound analysis of the regional economy society, and innovation structure, aiming at assessing both existing assets and prospects for
global economy, and ï¿dynamics of the entrepreneurial environment Regional assets: a strategy rooted in the regional specificities
innovation system and key challenges both for the economy and the society Economic differentiation is one of the central principles behind smart specialisation.
which suggests that a regional economy can build its competitive advantage by diversifying its unique,
understanding of the areas in the economy and society that have the greatest potential for future
Analytical evidence should be used to depict a comprehensive scenario of the regional economy society, and environment shared by all stakeholders.
related variety, suggesting that a regional economy can build its competitive advantage by diversifying its unique,
on potential for knowledge-based transformation of the economy, based on information on the positioning of the regional economy in international value chains and on identification of
specific key assets Several methods can be used to support the identification of potential niches for smart
specialisation of regional economies on the basis of employment (or value-added) data Location quotients measure whether some sectors are represented over in a regional
economy compared to other regions or countries. This is sometimes equated with'cluster presence'even if these indicators only capture agglomeration effects, and not interactions
economy ministries and agencies. Interministerial Committees are tools to cope with this need for a wide conclusion of stakeholders
25 Lorenz P. and Lundvall B. A. 2006), How Europe†s Economies Learn. Coordinating Competing Models
preserving the regional status quo than transforming the regional economy through innovation Although this criticism can be overdone (because regional governments,
that reproduce old habits and routines, locking regional economies into their traditional paths of development
economy. Formal recognition of the boundary spanning role, and its significance for universities businesses and the regional economy, would do much to promote a skill set that is critically
important to the moderation of the RIS3 process, particularly of the entrepreneurial process of discovery, which lies at the heart of the process
new connections and conversations in the regional economy. New opportunities are emerging in old regions as a result of connections and conversations that are now occurring but which never
jointly identify a project to explore the prospects for related variety in the regional economy
their own diagnosis of the strengths and weaknesses of the regional economy, and these views
investments that have the potentially highest impact on the regional economy. The priority setting for national and/or regional research and innovation strategies for smart specialisation
priorities focusing on the existing strengths of the economy but also on emerging opportunities A good smart specialisation strategy will catalyse structural change and the emergence of critical
clusters so that agglomeration externalities, economies of scale, economies of scope and local spillovers can be realised fully in the process of knowledge production and distribution
A regional economy clearly provides the appropriate dimensional framework for such processes of decision, strategic implementation, agglomeration of resources and materialisation of
However, national economies might also be a good framework, particularly in the case of small countries
economy should be investigated in the preliminary, self-assessment phase and receive sufficient attention thereafter. Additional elements of interest with a view
economy, such as the proportion of small, innovative firms or large, R&d -intensive companies. Attention should be devoted also to the width and strength
economy on a limited number of industries Achieving critical mass Smart specialisation involves making choices, leading to priority setting and
regional economy. The distinctive elements that can guide review, monitoring and assessment for RIS3 should
reaching higher levels of excellence and thriving in the global economy Clusters can be used at both the design
competition that are developing in the global economy. SMES are thus at the core of Cohesion Policy
innovations of benefit to the European economy and society, as well as science Consequently, the development of regional Research Infrastructures (in particular
the competitiveness of SMES and the shift to a low carbon economy •Rural Development:
and service innovation throughout the economy and are of systemic relevance They are multidisciplinary, cutting across many technology areas with a trend
competitiveness of the EU economy. They bear enormous market potential. In the coming four years, the growth rates of each of these technologies range between
zones and rural areas with the potential to rejuvenate economies, stimulate innovation and contribute to growth
for the economy, and building on this asset should be considered in national/regional research and innovation strategies for smart specialisation.
the wider economy',will provide in early 2012 a policy handbook identifying good practices in this field that might prove very useful for managing authorities
less developed regions of Europe, implementing the knowledge-based economy developing Trans-European Networks (TENS), supporting small and medium
a climate resilient and greener economy to boost its competitiveness and be able to sustain its growth
economy as a new paradigm for sustainable growth. Innovation is essential to succeed in decoupling growth from natural capital utilisation
in an EU economy that is more competitive in a world of high energy prices and tough resource constraints and competition.
economy and getting the actors of innovation and environment working together Moreover, regions have to reflect on how to benefit from the fast-emerging green
economy in all sectors; in particular, at least 20%in more developed and transition regions and at least 6%in less developed regions.
In particular a closed-loop economy that aims to reduce, in absolute terms, input, waste and the release of harmful
-putting the EU on the path to a resource and energy efficient economy, Study and briefing notes
renewable energy sources but also the expansion of the bio-economy Therefore, innovative methods need to be taken into account to monitor and
It is important to link business, the public sector, the social economy and civil society. To make an impact,
3-Capturing innovation impulses from emerging economies...29 4-Capabilities for Design-Driven Innovation in European SMES...
Small, innovative companies create the majority of new jobs in the European economy. A strong rationale exists for public support to SMES€ innovation activities in order to overcome
jobs, and progress towards a resource-efficient economy ï Further leverage and complement support for innovation in SMES and other funding
3-Capturing innovation impulses from emerging economies During the next decades growth of the world economy will be concentrated in emerging
economies with a small but steeply rising purchasing power of individuals, compared to European standards.
An increasing number of multinational companies orient their product and service innovation activities towards the needs of clients in emerging economies and
identify new business opportunities for such product even in mature markets. Govindarajan 24 documented many such cases
preferences in emerging economies, guides to cooperation with local science, technology and innovation agents, tools to support the enterprise in identifying gaps and building-up internal
To capture the growth opportunities notably in developing countries and emerging economies enterprises innovate specifically for these markets building on local expertise and
currency of the global economy. If Europe wants to continue to compete in the 21st century,
With an ageing population and strong competition from emerging economies, Europe†s future economic growth and job
This tangible investment in a healthy, competitive European economy is every bit as important as our commitment to
prerequisite for a healthy economy and a healthy population means lower public health bills Yet many challenges need to be addressed to grant
has consequences not only for citizen health but for the European healthcare system and economy. Researchers have
economy. The welfare and well-being of Europe†s citizens and that of future generations will depend on how these transformations
economy By the end of 2013, EU research will have financed over 495 bioeconomy research projects, with more than 7, 402 participants
our modern economies and it does indeed take a huge amount of energy to maintain the standard of living to which most of us have
Europe, the number two world economy, is currently over -dependent on the rest of the globe for its energy.
that will deliver a low-energy economy, whilst making the energy we consume to maintain our standard of living and
channelled back into the economy, and up to two million jobs created •Ensuring the free movement of energy:
and economies with essential resources and means of mobility With an annual turnover of â 780 billion and a value added of over
and our economy †could be severely restricted and quality of life eroded. In the transport sector
The ability of the economy to adapt and become more resilient to climate change, more resource-efficient, while at the same time
to boost competitiveness and job creation in European economies What is EU Research and Innovation doing to
Helping to build a green economy †a circular economy in sync with the natural environment †is part of the answer
for a green economy. This will require great progress in public sector and social innovation. Activities will address gaps in the
economy with a sustainable supply of raw materials. Activities include supporting businesses in developing and bringing to
sectors of the economy Supported by a â 7. 9 million contribution from the EU 7th Framework programme, NEUJOBS includes 29 partners
The digital and online economy are central to the EU€ s economic recovery, however, many citizens and businesses are reluctant to
working to increase confidence in the online economy in particular through research into cyber security and online privacy. â 350
protecting Europe†s society, economy, assets and fundamental rights. The Commission wants to develop trustworthy ICT solutions
economy, everywhere. The reasons for this are, by now, fairly well-known, but demand brief repetition here
economy, as the salaried employees of others or as formal small business owner-operators. This will, inevitably
SMES are the backbone of all economies, large and small, developed and developing. While the precise causal
Economists and development experts have attributed much of this difference to excessive or otherwise unsupportive business environment regulation in developing countries,
the Doing Business team found 200 reforms introduced in 98 economies. Eastern europe and Central asia South Asia, the Middle east and North africa,
So making †good investments†in businesses to build economies in emerging markets is one of the best
system and for the economy. †58 Because of the fundamental role ICTS play, sales strategies can have direct institutional capacity-building
the formal economy where they can grow, diversify, and begin to create jobs at more significant scales.
software economies through a network of 110 Innovation Centers in 60 countries †helping individuals and entrepreneurs
local economy. For every dollar Microsoft generates, its partners generate $9-18, depending on the country. 70
Local Software Economy Group supports the development of new partners by fostering the growth of healthy
near-term business strategy, the Local Software Economy (LSE) Group is part of a cluster of initiatives that helps
development of skilled, service-based economies. Universities use them to expand and upgrade academic offerings to meet labor market needs and to support research.
subsidiaries choose the ones that would most benefit their local economies. According to Carla Harting, manager of the Innovation Center program worldwide, this approach has been a critical success factor in achieving scale. 74
In mature countries, where local software economies already exist, MICS incubate start-ups and broker relationships between entrepreneurs and potential financial backers.
In these economies, the MICS might provide quality assistance help add services to commodity solutions,
Soviet republics, for example, development skills are generally quite strong and fledgling software economies exist, but Microsoft has little on-the-ground presence †so the company has organized developers into
or wanting to kick-start local software economies will often pay internship wages or first year salaries for graduates that obtain jobs.
Small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMES) are the growth engines of the world†s most productive economies
towards full integration into the world economy. †87 It is this social vision that led Cisco
â€oethe world economy is increasingly networked †as Tom Friedman would say, the world is flat â€
economies frequently forced graduates to relocate to find work. Fifty-nine percent, almost all of those that
6. Microsoft. n d. Developing Knowledge Economies: A Microsoft Perspective on †ICT for Development. â€
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-sponds approximately to the regional economy. As far as the industrial structure is concerned, the metal-and
of the regional economy are the reasons why the region is an important spatial level in innovation systems
scheme than in the Austrian economy. Accordingly more mature industries like metal products, textiles, fur
than the share of SMES in the Austrian economy. Fur -thermore, SMES received only half of the funds provided
Learning regions in a globalised world economy towards new competitive advantages of industrial districts? In:
The Globalising Learning Economy Implications for Innovation Policy. Report to the DG XII, TSER Brussels
The new flexible economy: shaping regional and local institutions for global competition. In: Bertuglia C.,Fischer, M.,Preto, G. Eds.
The resurgence of regional economies, ten years later: the region as a nexus of untraded interdependencies.
Global economy. Guilford Press, New york Toâ dtling, F.,1994. Regional networks of high-technology firms †the
Creating a RTD Investment Policy for Regions in Emerging and Developed Economies Contract no: 029746-CRIPREDE
From Rural area to High-tech Economy...52 4. 2. 8. Prato: Flourishing Industrial District of Traditional Industry...
-stitutional thicknessâ€, cumulative causation, agglomeration economies, localisation economies, fungeability, labour market dynamics, quality of life and environmental amenity, and the role of regional and local governance
9 We have condensed these factors and processes into the following major categories namely knowledge and processes of learning (cf. chapter 2. 2. 1), the role of networks
Uzzi (1997) pointed out that strong ties contribute to †economies of time†as they add to an individual†s capability to quickly capitalize on market opportuni
specialised niches, sector-specific localisation economies and general effects of ag -glomeration, public support for training and technical initiatives,
economies. For example, this happened in Prato where the traditional textile industry was able to survive
-tional pressure on local economies as well as the post-industrial transition process. For industrial districts to successfully cope with at least some of these fundamental
clusters are external economies of scope and scale with industrial districts being one sub-category of this cluster form.
although those need to be integrated into the local society and economy (Camagni 1995, Ritsilã¤1999.
-cause of its SME-structured economy and vertically organised added value; the in -dustry in Oresund is younger.
important impact on the local economy: In the 1960s, the repatriation of Algerian -French people †who were typically industrious and often possessed ressourcesâ€
The economy is dominated by SMES with a heterogeneous economic structure. There is still a fairly large share of low-tech indus
-operation climate between research and economy help fostering knowledge spillovers Boston Consulting Group 2002 The engagement of private actors (e g.,
From Rural area to High-tech Economy The county Oxfordshire, consisting of five districts, is located in the south east of Eng
†dramatic transformation in its economy in the last 40 years†from †being a rural county
This high-tech economy is rooted in its industrial past when motor car and compo -nent manufacturing, food industries and blankets were the leading sectors.
small but significant part of the high-tech economy in Oxfordshire (Lawton Smith 2004 The high-tech orientation shows itself also in the employment structure:
Knowledge and science is of great importance for Oxfordshire†s economy. The resi -dent workforce is amongst the most highly qualified in the country.
Today, Prato†s economy is still based mainly on the textile industry despite a marked reduction in terms of establish
Tuttlingen†s producers also benefit from economies of agglomeration in the cluster e g.,, economies of scale and scope, low transaction costs, good reputation in the
successfully in a globalised economy. Furthermore, the regional endeavours to foster cluster specific education and knowledge could be a good example for other regions
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and the knowledge-based economy. Oxford. Oxford Univ Press, pp. 349†363 Bathelt, H. 1999:
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Regional development in a modern European economy. The case of Tuscany London: Pinter, pp. 145-169
and the knowledge-based economy. Oxford: Ox -ford Univ. Press, pp. 459†484 Beyer, F. 2005:
Regional development in a modern European economy. The case of Tuscany. London Pinter, pp. 116-144
Qualified Labour Migration and Regional Knowledge Economies. In: R Hayter and R. Leheron (eds.:Knowledge, Territory and Industrial Space.
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Patterns of a Network Economy. Berlin et al.:Springer, pp. 33-52 Malecki, E. 1997: Entrepreneurs, Networks and Economic Development:
) Remaking the Global economy: Economic-Geographical Perspectives. London: Sage Publica -tions, pp. 145-162 Malmberg, A. and P. Maskell (2002:
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Specialisation and prosperity in small open economies. London & New york: Routledge Menzel, M.-P. and D. Fornahl (2005:
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National Innovation Systems,'Real Economies'and Instituted Processes. Small Business Economics 11, 101†111 Moulaert, F. and F. Sekia (2003:
Learning and Innovation in Organizations and Economies. New york: Oxford Uni -versity Press North, D. and D. Smallbone (2000:
learning economy. Paris: OECD O†Gorman, C. and M. Kautonen (2004: Policies to promote new knowledge-intensive industrial agglom
Local Clusters in a Global economy Economic Development Quarterly 14 (1), 15-34 Pratt, A. 1997:
External Economies and Cooperation in Industrial Districts: A Comparison of Italy and Mexico. St. Martin†s Press
and the Indian Economy. New delhi: Oxford university Press, pp. 169-210 Saxenian, A. 2004: The Bangalore Boom.
Regional Economies as Knowledge Laboratories. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar pp. 117-141 Whyte, G. 1986: Escalating Commitment to a Course of Action:
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