education policy

Education policy

Access to education (49)
Democratisation of education (1)
Education market (3)
Education policy (26)
Education statistics (1)
Educational achievement (6)
Educational exchange (2)
Educational planning (1)
Educational program (27)
Educational reform (5)
Eurydice (7)
Length of studies (21)
Schooling (79)
Teaching quality (5)

the educational program is adapted not to changing industrial and economic environments. To give one example the conquest of the space could not be done without technology.

They decide the rules, the amount of taxes, laws for employment, public research system and educational program.

The duty of educational systems is to integrate a creative way of thinking into educational programs, from kids to university.

housing, well-being, access to education for all, etc. All these challenges are interdependent. How can we handle them simultaneously?

union's claims and educational program adapted to the current challenge. As there are many unemployed not only in France,

Their foundation invests on social and educational programs and supports disasters. HP Life E-learning offers free information technology (IT) training.

As in the United states, entrepreneurship has to be a part of educational programs in Europe too. There are still too many barriers,

++o+XVI Organised diffusion+++o/++Education policy XVII General stimulation+++XVIII Entrepreneurship education+o o o Labour market policy XIX Aim for flexibility+o

Set wider framework conditions for innovators, from education policy to fiscal rules and tax reliefs to intellectual property.

This demonstrates a need for an articulated entrepreneurship education policy/strategy that covers all levels of the education system.

i) mean years of schooling and (ii) gross enrolment ratio of tertiary students in science, mathematics and engineering.

Royalties Internet Telephones Tech exports Electricity Schooling University Top 3 (average) Finland United states Note: Technology Achievement Index (TAI.

875 925 TAI Patents Royalties Internet Tech exports Telephones Electricity Schooling University Performance range Finland 38 HANDBOOK ON CONSTRUCTING COMPOSITE INDICATORS:

Internet 86 X Tech exports 63 X Telephones 100 X Electricity 100 X Schooling 82 X University 100 X Japan

100 X Schooling 78 X University 36 X Note: Technology Achievement Index (TAI. There are several ways to assign colours.

Table 6. Correlation matrix for individual TAI indicators PATENTS ROYALTIES INTERNET EXPORTS TELEPHONE ELECTRICITY SCHOOLING UNIVERSITY PATENTS 1. 00 0. 13-0

For instance, electricity and schooling are loaded no longer on F1: electricity is loaded on F4 and schooling on F2. 76%of the total variance is explained by the four rotated common factors.

In contrast, the total variance explained by the four rotated principal components was much higher in the previous analysis (87%.

At the same time, the dynamic adopters are lagging behind the potential leaders due to their lower performance on Internet, electricity and schooling.

SCHOOLING ENROLMENT Cluster mean Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 PATENTS Note: Type: k-means clustering (standardised data.

. 08 Electricity 0. 11 0. 12 Schooling 0. 19 0. 14 University 0. 02 0. 16 6. 2. Data envelopment

Export Telephones Electricity Schooling University CI (weight)( weight)( weight)( weight)( weight)( weight)( weight)( weight)( score) Finland 0. 15 0. 17 0. 17 0. 16

Comparison matrix of eight individual TAI indicators Objective Patents Royalties Internet Tech exports Telephone Electricity Schooling University Patents 1 2 3

analytic hierarchy process (AHP) Method Weights for the indicators (fixed for all countries) Patents Royalties Internet Tech exports Telephones Electricity Schooling University EW 0

Impact matrix for TAI (five countries) Patents Royalties Internet Tech exports Telephones Electricity Schooling University Finland 187 125.6 200.2 50.7 3. 080

followed by royalties, university, exports and schooling (Figure 26). Two indicators, telephones and electricity, appear not to be influential on the variance in the TAI scores.

Standardised regression coefficients for the TAI LOG TELEPHONE LOG ELECTRICITY SCHOOLING EXPORTS UNIVERSITY RECEIPTS PATENTS INTERNET 0 0. 1 0. 2 0. 3 0. 4

%Schooling 13.1%University 10.8%There appears to be no dominance issue in the TAI example,

and is also pervasive input to a multitude of human activities (1998) HUMAN SKILLS SCHOOLING Years Mean years of schooling (age 15 and above),

and should include, inter alia, education policy: the availability of skills should not be seen as limited to improving the attractiveness of Europe to highly qualified European students and researchers;

iii) strengthen the knowledge triangle, 4 especially as regards education policies;(iv) focus on SMES, which exhibit significant problems both in terms of awareness of existing support schemes

o Exchanging the build up of skills and educational programmes e g. Master programmes throughout the EU27. In addition to cross-border venture capital

'His research focuses on European language policy and language education policy. He has published numerous articles and chapters in books.

Mr. Salmi is a member of the Governing board of the International Institute for Educational planning, the International Rankings Expert Group,

The most obvious bias in this ranking is toward research outputs and not teaching quality and student outputs.

and social care Education Widening access to education Personalised education and new learning environments and knowledge commons A multi-partner approach to education 6 http://ec. europa

Education Focus area Case Social needs addressed Widening access to education MOOCS (global) Widening the access to higher education and addressing the societal needs for lifelong education and the upskilling of the labour force

483 people with a mental illness trained, 387 started in a protected job or internship (255 in private sector), with very low dropout (2011-2013 data.

-fold increase in educational achievement, fewer benefits claimed Naprawmyto (PL) 41 Facilitating local action and dialogue on local problems,

These issues can be regarded as push-factors and the driving force behind the transformation of the existing educational system.

or supporting social innovation within education. 1. Widening access to education Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can contribute to universal access to education, equity in education, the delivery of quality learning and teaching, teachers'professional development and more efficient education management, governance and administration.

The impact of ICTS are revolutionary in formal education as well as in lifelong learning, and informal education as they enable sharing of resources,

summary Focus area Case Social needs addressed Summary Widening access to education MOOCS (global) Widening the access to higher education and addressing the societal needs for lifelong education and the upskilling

Focus areas The sample of six cases comprises one widening access to education cases, three Personalised education & new learning environments cases (with quest to learn featuring in the first and second category),

Widening access to education ICT used Both examples chosen for this section inherently build on technology and particularly the event of the internet in the case of the MOOCS and gaming technologies for the Quest to Learn example.

Widening access to education 1. Increase in education and personal skills (formal & informal)( numbers of people & duration e g. lifelong learning) MOOCS:

MOOCS provide access to higher education and address the societal needs for lifelong education and the upskilling of the labour force by providing free online courses for everyone interested.

and social practices reported by cases are summarised by focus area drawing on the process taxonomy presented in section 2. Widening access to education 122 The education sector is suffering from disengagement

Further the elitist education markets of particularly the US and the UK are seen to be closing knowledge off, particularly to those in poorer countries.

Social innovation has many roles to play in widening access to education and therefor opening education. The New york times named 2012 the year of the MOOC,

and democratising access to higher education as there is open access for students meaning that anyone everywhere in the world can participate in an online course for free.

Widening access to education MOOCS come with transformational promise for widening access to education and thus supporting life long learning, hard policy issues such as youth unemployment or regional skills shortages.

An overview is provided in Table 7. 2. Widening access to education The role and use of ICT in social innovation In the examples reviewed in this chapter ICT have a crucial role in widening access to education and enabling new educational approaches.

MOOCS have widened the access to higher education for a large group of people in society by changing the way higher education is provided

and organised. In order to improve the general access to MOOCS the main success factor has been ICT as an enabling technology as well as the general acceptance and use of ICT in society (and the availability of broadband.

and teach in new ways and therefore widen access to education for pupils who otherwise would have fallen behind in maths.

and that this might need to be enabled in turn by education policy. A more radical policy angle would of course be to question or review education policy as whole and review core indicators of good education.

As a wider debate suggests education is shifting towards focusing on the outcomes i e. on how much students learn;

The School of One example suggests that there are alternative ways of good schooling and that one size does not fit all';

and an enabler in the five examples reviewed in this chapter across the categories of widening access to education, personalised education & new learning environments and a multi-partner approach to education.

For instance MOOCS provide access to education anywhere and anytime and have been named as one of the innovations most likely to transform the education landscape.

Apart from widening access to education, MOOCS are further an example of how technology is enabling a more personalised learning experience

Examples both in the widening access to education category as well as the personalised education & new learning environments show that ICT is enabling

Particularly the personalised education & new learning environment category examples demonstrate that inclusion policy for new education providers to provide specific modules for the education market might need to be considered.

The widening access to education example demonstrates that a clear associated policy area are the importance of affordable broadband

Drivers Role of ICT in social innovation Operational and strategic Policy issues Widening access to education Standard ICT solutions (Internet & platform technology crucial)- Content creation

cooperation-Building capacity and skills-Lack of sustainable business models & delivery model for online education-Lack of-Good ICT infrastructure-High level of digital literacy-Provides access to education anywhere

for new education providers to provide specific modules for the education market. Possibly requires adaptation of specific policies regarding data security. 131 References Bertot, J. C.,Jaeger, P. T,

and this means a reduction in school dropout rates and equipping human capital with improved skills.

and guidance services. 6. 1. 5. Raising rates of school success In order to reduce the high school dropout rate in Catalonia,

there is more chance of pupils successfully completing their schooling. 6. 1. 6. Promoting full comprehension of English as a third language With its notable presence in the spheres of economics, the new technologies and higher studies,

Education-improving education levels, in particular by aiming to reduce school dropout rates to less than 10

This type of education appears more like home schooling or apprenticeship, in which students decide the terms

According to the proposal, the government will not limit the access to higher education but the number of state funded students will be fixed.

The intention of the government in the education policy domain is to reduce higher education expenditures funded by the state and support especially science and engineering education.

and few exits of Jeremie fund investments so far 5. Excellence as a key criterion for research and education policy(+)Increasingly more funding is allocated via project-based mode because of high significance of Structural Funds in total

Low quality schooling and high dropout rates supress youth employment. According to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, completing a high quality secondary education is an important threshold for increasing the odds of obtaining a quality job. 32

rates of educational achievement indicate that Latin american and Caribbean countries rank in the bottom third in all three subjects measured by the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA),

Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 10 cent in one 2008 survey. 48 Educational achievement as measured by the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) indicates that the education system in this region is performing adequately at imparting basic skills,

In China, rural/urban disparities exist in access to education. About 61 per cent of the 225 million people aged 15 to 24 in China live in rural areas. 52 While half of youth in rural China complete lower secondary education or less

Accessible ICTS have the potential to provide persons with disabilities unprecedented levels of access to education, skills training and employment,

Comparing Education statistics Across the World.""Montreal: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2011. www. uis. unesco. org/Education/Pages/ged-2011. aspx.

Clusters include not only businesses but institutions such as academic programs trade associations, and standards organizations. They also draw on the broader public assets in the surrounding community, such as schools and universities, clean water, fair-competition laws, quality standards,

Reducing school dropout rates below 10%;%at least 40%of 30-34 yearolds completing third level education Poverty/social exclusion:

Gender equality and the empowerment of women will improve as a result of more egalitarian access to education and the role of technology.

and explore the potential for action, notably on higher education dropout and completion; on the balance between public and private funding (cost-sharing),

yy learning communities for support to school dropouts and low culture people; and yy communities of volunteers assisting persons with disabilities. 207 http://www. crossproject. eu/tag/non-monetary-economy/.

or measuring value. 258) New rights such as rights to care, rights to schooling or rights to vote.

So while familiar data on income, employment, diseases or educational achievement continues to be gathered, there is growing interest in other types of measurement that may give more insights into

and home schooling groups. 525) User groups such as rail user groups or park user associations (for example,

She formerly worked on education policy at the Social Market Foundation, where she co-authored Fade or Flourish:

At other times governments have taken the lead in social innovation for example, in the years after 1945 democratic governments built welfare states, schooling systems,

The institutions pioneered new social models such as phone-based health diagnoses, extended schooling, and patient-led health care. 2 This tradition of practical social innovation is now being revived energetically from the Young Foundation's base in east London,

which demands innovative ways of organizing schooling, language training, and housing, to avoid the risks of conflict and mutual resentment.

and refer to RTD policies, interaction-oriented policies, entrepreneurship policies, science policies, education policies, labor market policies,

and high levels of trust built through common graduate academic programmes and preexisting professional networks such as the International Network of Crisis Mappers cannot be underestimated.

The results also suggest that schooling, ICT and the quality of the business environment are interrelated,

SCHOOL the mean years of schooling of the adult population in 1995. Available direct measures of years of schooling have been shown to be deficient in various respects.

There are also many missing country values. We thus construct a proxy measure for mean years of schooling that is comparable across countries, on the basis of primary, secondary and tertiary enrolment ratios (primary in 1985 and secondary and tertiary in 1990.

To construct this estimate, direct measures of the mean years of schooling for countries for which they are available are regressed on enrolment ratios.

The resulting equation is used to derive our estimate of mean years of schooling of the adult population for all countries in the sample.

Ireland dummy variable for Ireland. OIL dummy variable taking value of 1 if a country is a major oil exporter;

The growth advantage that the euro zone economies had in terms of lower initial GDP per head (the catch up potential) and higher investment rates is cancelled roughly out by the effects of the US's superior business environment and schooling.

1. The rise of a global‘middle class'2. The role of new technologies, new media and increased access to education 3. The empowerment of individuals 10 4. The changing demography of a globalised

and social pressures will pose challenges to EU education policy and organisation (e g. accreditation of virtual institutions),

all levels of schooling, led by international institutions, are likely to prioritise e-skills and other transferable capabilities (Anderson & Raine 2012;

Although their development is not immune to criticism these courses are often characterised by very high dropout rates,

however, has contributed to exacerbating inequalities in access to higher education (see Figure E. 3. 1 on educational attainment in tertiary education.

demand for systematic incorporation of SI in the policy toolbox, replacing public sector services with grassroots initiatives Medium Online and informal forms of education will have increasing impact on access to education and outcomes

net generation Number of students enrolled in traditional and online courses/MOOCS, educational attainment, number of universities offering online courses, educational reform,

http://www. publications. parliament. uk/pa/ld201213/ldselect/ldeucom/91/9102. htm Eurydice, Integrating immigrant children into schools in Europe, European commission, Education

http://eacea. ec. europa. eu/education/eurydice/documents/thematic reports/101en. pdf Euwals, R.;Knoef, M.;

Eurydice (2012), Entrepreneurship Education at School in Europe. Fostering Innovation-driven Entrepreneurship in Europe 57 32. http://ec. europa. eu/cip/eip/.

Country Office for Uganda, Immunization Dropout in Uganda. IDS/Health Information bulletin. 2001. Copyright for articles published in this journal is retained by the authors,

and 2000s just as the number of university students in Spain has been decreasing and the number of dropouts increasing.

now has full responsibility for innovation, economic development and education policies. There are three Regional Ministries involved in human capital development in Andalusia:

In the mid 1980s, after education policies were transferred to Andalusia, the Regional Ministry of Education and Science was created to manage the education and training system in the region, both at the university and non-university levels.

The Ministry expanded access to education by creating new public universities and vocational schools in each of the 8 provinces and increasing the number of degrees and availability of seats.

and number of dropouts increasing (Laurent, Periáñez and Petit de Gabriel, 2010). For the 2009-10 course, the number of students at technical and vocational schools in Spain increased 9. 3%compared to 3. 2%of Baccalaureate students. 7 Opportunities in the landscape This overview of the landscape of education

Courses tend to be short (less than 100 hours) and complement other training and educational programs in international e-business, such as marketing, translation,

Promote cooperative education programmes The second recommendation concerns ways to expand the current number of trainees in the university system by introducing some form of cooperative educational program at the universities.

PATENTS ROYALTIES INTERNET EXPORTS TELEPHONES ELECTRICITY SCHOOLING ENROLMENT PATENTS 1. 00 0. 13-0. 09 0. 45 0. 28 0

SCHOOLING 1. 00 0. 08 ENROLMENT 1. 00 3 For reasons of clarity in this section we substitute the indexing q=1, Q with the indexing i=1,,

For instance, ELECTRICITY and SCHOOLING are loaded not any more both on F1, but ELECTRICITY is loaded on F4 and SCHOOLING on F3.

There is 76%variance that is common in the sub-indicators set and expressed by the four rotated common factors.

EXPORTS-0. 108 0. 774 TELEPHONES 0. 701 0. 603 ELECTRICITY 0. 614 0. 624 SCHOOLING 0. 451 0. 662

the dynamic adopters are lagging behind the potential leaders due to their lower performance on INTERNET, ELECTRICITY and SCHOOLING.

1. 5 2. 0 PATENTS RECEIPTES INTERNET EXPORTS TELEPHONES ELECTRICITY SCHOOLING ENROLMENT Group 3 Group 2 Group 1 Figure 3

and Schooling (weight 0. 29). 15 Likewise the second intermediate is formed by Patents and Technology Exports (worth 0. 68 and 0. 23 respectively),

. 07 0. 06 Telephones 0. 15 0. 11 Electricity 0. 11 0. 09 Schooling 0. 19 0. 10 University 0

Exports Telephones Electricity Schooling University CI Finland 0. 15 0. 17 0. 17 0. 16 0. 19 0. 17 0

Table 6. 4. Comparison matrix A of eight sub-indicators (semantic scale) Objective Patents Royalties Internet Tech exports Telephones Electricity Schooling University

. 450 0. 500 Patents Royalties Internet hosts Tech exports Telephones Electricity Schooling University st. Standard deviation Figure 6. 2. Results of the AHP

and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) Patents Royalties Internet Tech exports Telephones Electricity Schooling University EW 0. 13 0. 13 0. 13

Patents Royalties Internet Tech exports Telephones Electricity Schooling University Finland 187 125.6 200.2 50.7 3. 080 4. 150 10 27.4

mean years of schooling and gross enrolment ratio of tertiary students enrolled in science, mathematics and engineering.

and is also pervasive input to a multitude of human activities (1998) Human skills SCHOOLING years Mean years of schooling (age 15 and above),

everybody would have an equal access to education and healthcare, opportunities on the job market, fair representation and rights in courts of law,

But in most Member States, research and education policies are in the exclusive competence of the nation state.

and is it in synergy with national research/education policies? 6. 2 Is the strategy based on interdepartmental/inter-ministerial/interagency coordination and cooperation covering relevant policies, in particular between research/science policies and, economic development policies,

which could be provided by vocational and higher education institutions or professional educational programme vendors (private operators). The picture that emerges from the survey is that ICT skills are a decisive issue, especially among SMES, notably at the managerial level,

Established a Teacher education Ministerial Advisory Group to improve schooling outcomes, and a review of the Australian Curriculum.

Average years of formal schooling Data Source: IIASA and VID, 2008. TPO00007 Industry Innovation and Competitiveness Agenda Industry Competitiveness THE CASE FOR REFORM 5 The changing global economic landscape presents Australian businesses with some great opportunities.

Primary and secondary schooling While primary and secondary education are primarily the responsibility of the States and Territories,

knowledge transfer institutions and educational programmes. In the region of Malopolska, Poland the emergence of fast-growing companies and clusters in industries like information and communication technologies and telecommunications has been supported by the changes of the profiles of regional universities.

Educational programmes: updating the skills required by the increasingly cross-sectoral and cross-technology activities (e g. university level training in mechatronics in Upper Austria as a reaction of a new specialisation evolving from machine building.

The former is responsible for research and education policies, the financing and evaluation of research institutes and higher education institutions also coordination of international cooperation in research;

which aims to improve access to education and development of information society. The funding is directed to investments in education infrastructure, lifelong education infrastructure as well as investments in infrastructure and technology with a view to developing information society.

such as the number of students enrolled in different educational programs could be of relevance. However, this data should be rather detailed

The effectiveness and standards of education policy (primarily higher education policy due to the fact that the time frame of the strategy ends in 2020:

and varies over time Fragmented, unfocused R&d at the public research units Outdated scientific education, continuous educational reform,

In the area of education policy: outstanding knowledge centres, research universities and higher education research and development are funded in a targeted way by the RDI strategy,

Overlaps of the RDI strategy with the national policies Figure 25 Development policy Education policy Remark:

Eurydice, 2011; Kampylis, Law, et al. 2013; OECD, 2013a; b). These surveys and studies also highlight that,

Hence, throughout the survey we observed dropouts after each of the areas, which stabilised after the Organisation and leadership area with 120 respondents. 11 http://www. linkedin. com/groups/Future-Learning-2266966/about 12 http://openeducationeuropa. eu/en

Eurydice. 2011). ) Key Data on Learning and Innovation through ICT at School in Europe 2011.

Retrieved 15 december 2013, from Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive agency http://eacea. ec. europa. eu/education/eurydice%20/documents/key data series/129en. pdf Griffin, P.,Mcgaw, B,

and ICT applications to GDP growth and job creation. 39 ICTS also provide increased access to education, government and health services,

and famine Provide more accurate weather information that helps to increase agricultural production Delivery of real-time market information/sales prices for farmers MDG2 (Achieve universal primary education) Improve access to education through mobile technologies/remote

boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling 2. 1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education 2. 2 Proportion of pupils starting grade 1