As the employer of approximately 30 percent of the country's workforce, with a volume of procurements amounting to approximately NOK 249 billion,
First, there is a need to prepare European citizens better for entering the labour market, thereby reducing the number of unemployed.
employers can discover potential problems of the organisation no matter the level of their occurrence before the situation gets out of control)."
2-should be solved with the actual employers; 3-speed of implementation; 4-implementation difficulty. 7. Marking ideas:
From these many experiences and from being creative every day for both employers and clients, he has gained a rich resource of examples to help others expand
share intellectual property share commercial or trading information formalise a relationship, eg between an employer and employee 7. 3. 2. What are the main types of NDAS
A flexible human resources development, grants the employees labour market ability, and opens up new business fields for the enterprise. http://www. innovation-aktuell. de/kv0409. htm Systematic and continuous human resources development safeguards the innovation ability and the compatibility of the enterprise.
Introduction page 214 of 271 http://www. fhso. ch/pdf/human/snp20 innovativ. pdf Innovative employer":
Identifying training needs for Innovation in SMES page 223 of 271 Sector Skills Development Agency (SSDA) is responsible for supporting employers in the development of appropriate skills in the labour market
organisational and inter-organisational levels decisively improve the innovation behaviour Apart from business management effects there are manifold labour market political and political-economic effects 11.7.
An innovative idea In a radio discussion on the on petrol prices an employer introduced the innovative idea to raise prices for petrol to avoid that shoes produced in Europe are brought to a third world countries only to thread the shoestrings
He suggested using the extra money from higher prices for the payment of employers'social contributions for the employees.
R. Tiwari and S. Buse (October 2007) Page 17 of 31 47,998 engineer job vacancies in 2006 resulting in a loss of 3. 5 billion euros (Koppel, 2007.
creating a more dynamic economy and greater employment opportunities. In fact, the national climate for private sector innovation has an impact on businesses of all sizes,
such as those affecting labour markets, tax design, competition, financial markets and bankruptcy laws. The PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Policy design in areas such as competition, the regulatory framework, the tax system, labour markets, financial markets and bankruptcy laws should take account of the way these areas impinge on SMES and innovation in knowledge-based economies.
and their prospects for success. PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATIVE SMES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY 14 OECD 2004 Figure 1. Female employers and own-account workers Percentage of total employers and own
and inter-country labour mobility. But in order to answer how these 1. During the last five years, SMES were responsible for more than 80%of the jobs created (European SME coordination unit, CEC, 1999.
as well as with the goods market and the labour market (Le Bas, 1995). This process is therefore uncertain,
They also point out that smart specialisation depends on good general framework policies (e g. competition, trade policy, labour market policy and education and skills) and horizontal innovation policies (e g.
and rigidities (e g. labour market barriers) that prevent shifts in specialisation patterns. Smart specialisation also draws on the broad economic research on industrial development e g.
The quality of institutions such as government institutions (e g. rule of law, competition, security), social institutions (labour-employer relations) also affect factor endowments.
Imperfect competition, product market and labour market conditions can influence the degree of market integration. Industrial policies (e g. taxes and subsidies) can also play a role in shaping the production structure, for good or bad.
In Flanders (Belgium) in the case of FISCH (Sustainable Chemistry) the employers federation Essenscia Flanders developed a business plan for the FISCH initiative,
The most appropriate data appear to be OECD's regional labour market statistics. By comparing specialisation indicators over time, changes in scientific, technological or economic specialisations can be analysed.
For example, developing labour markets or innovation in a city or in a rural area may not entail the same type of instruments
Producing circa 98%of the 1. 6 million vehicles (2011 findings) produced in Turkey and providing employment opportunities for approximately 45 000 people,
As science, technology and labour market for world class experts became global, only global ambitions can lead to sustainable success that makes a region attractive
and iv) Labour market and Education Observatory of Malopolska which focuses on gathering information and improving knowledge of the regional labour market and education.
The most appropriate data appear to be OECD's regional labour market statistics (e g. number of establishments or number of employees per TL2 region),
An example Figure 3 below shows the RCANS for an anonymous region in 32 industries according to OECD's regional labour market statistics.
OECD regional labour market statistics Combining baseline indicators for specialisations in science, innovation, and economic development By comparing specialisation indicators over time, changes in scientific, technological or economic specialisations can be analysed.
or do need regional employers to look abroad for qualified personnel? How do you assess the climate for entrepreneurship in your region?
Does current academic education fit to the needs of the regional economy do regional employers absorb graduates
However in Zimbabwe, according to Small and Medium Enterprises Institute, SMES are defined as a registered enterprise with employment levels ranging from 30 to 70 depending on the types of industry.
small firms in the US represent 99.7 percent of all employer firms and employ over half of all private sector employees.
play an important role in innovation and provide alternative employment opportunities for many subsets of the adult population 2. Innovation in small firms is essential for the continued dynamism of modern economies (Klapper
Plan for Jobs 2013 Forfás, DJEI February 2013 A Review of the Equity Investment Landscape In Ireland Forfás January 2013 Regional Labour markets Bulletin 2012 EGFSN
OECD Statextracts (Short-term Labour market Statistics: Activity Rates, aged 55-65, all persons; accessed February 13, 2014), http://stats. oecd. org. 23.
Cristiano Antonelli and Francesco Quatraro, Localized Technological Change and Efficiency Wages across European Regional Labour markets, Regional Studies 47, no. 10 (2013): 1686 1700.115.
38 5. 1. 3 Employer Ranking of a Computer science Faculty...40 5. 1. 4 Citations Ranking of a Computer science Faculty...
32 Academic ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 2 10 Employer ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 3 11 Citations ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 4 29 R&d
18 Academic ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 2 7 Employer ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 3 3 Citations ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 4 6 R&d
of a Computer science faculty Agrd 2 8 Employer ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 3 8 Citations ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 4 4 R&d expenditures by ICT
faculty Agrd 2 2 Employer ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 3 3 Citations ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 4 4 R&d expenditures by ICT firms
. 1. 3 Employer Ranking of a Computer science Faculty Table 17: Top ranking regions according to the Employer Computer science faculty QS Ranking indicator Rank NUTS3 Code Region name Indicator Value EIPE Rank 1 UKH12
Cambridgeshire CC 100 5 2 UKJ14 Oxfordshire 95 19 3 UKI12 Inner London-East 68 2 4 UKI22 Outer London
30 GR300 Attiki 28 49 Indicator description Indicator ID Agrd 3 Name of indicator Employer ranking of a Computer science faculty What does it measure?
Measures the performance of the Computer science faculty according to the employer ranking of QS Unit of measurement The highest rank of a Computer science faculty in the employer ranking Definition of ICT dimension Computer science faculty Unit
Frequency of the Employer ranking of a Computer science faculty indicator values 1244 1 3 3 12 12 11 6 6 1 1 1 2 0
500 1000 1500 Frequency 0 20 40 60 80 100 Employer ranking of a Computer science faculty Table 18:
Descriptive statistics of Employer Computer science faculty QS Ranking indicator Number of observations Mean value Standard deviation Variance 1303 1. 47 7. 63 58.27 42 5
of indicator Universities ranked in the QS University ranking Academic ranking of a Computer science faculty Employer ranking of a Computer science faculty Citations ranking of a Computer science faculty R&d expenditures by ICT firms ICT FP7 funding
Measures the number of universities in QS university ranking Measures the performance of the Computer science faculty according to the academic ranking of QS Measures the performance of the Computer science faculty according to the employer ranking of QS Measures the performance
number of EU ranked universities to a region's share in the EU population The highest rank of a Computer science faculty in the academic ranking The highest rank of a Computer science faculty in the employer ranking The highest rank of a Computer science
the QS uses its proprietary datasets that enable to drill down by subject area, namely academic and employer reputation surveys and the Scopus data for the Citations per Faculty indicator in the global rankings.
Employer reputation survey considers the students'employability as a key factor in the evaluation of international universities and in 2010 drew on over 5,
The employer survey works on a similar basis to the academic one only without the channelling for different faculty areas.
Employers are asked to identify up to ten domestic and thirty international institutions they consider excellent for the recruitment of graduates.
Employers seeking graduates from any discipline are weighted at 0. 1 and those from a parent category (i e.
Weightings are based on publications patterns and level of employer interest in the given subject area. Weightings are applied not evenly between indicators for different disciplines
40%Employer: 30%Citations: 30%8. 2 ICT FP7 by EC DG Connect The Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development,
faculty Agrd 2 2 Employer ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 3 3 Citations ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 4 4 R&d expenditures by ICT firms
of indicator Universities ranked in the QS University ranking Academic ranking of a Computer science faculty Employer ranking of a Computer science faculty Citations ranking of a Computer science faculty R&d expenditures by ICT firms FP7 funding
Measures the number of universities in QS university ranking Measures the performance of the Computer science faculty according to the academic ranking of QS Measures the performance of the Computer science faculty according to the employer ranking of QS Measures the performance
number of EU ranked universities to a region's share in the EU population The highest rank of a Computer science faculty in the academic ranking The highest rank of a Computer science faculty in the employer ranking The highest rank of a Computer science
the EIPE study used QS proprietary datasets to investigate its subject area at three levels, namely academic and employer reputation surveys and the Scopus data for the Citations per Faculty indicator.
The Employer reputation survey considers the students'employability as a key factor in the evaluation of international universities and in 2010 drew on over 5,
The employer survey works on a similar basis to the academic one only without the channelling for different faculty areas.
Employers are asked to identify up to ten domestic and thirty international institutions they consider 16 More information under:
Employers seeking graduates from any discipline are weighted at 0. 1 and those from a parent category (i e.
Economic and Labour market Review, 4 (7), 56-65. Ciccone, A, . & Hall, R. E. 1996).
such as Education (lack of adaptation to globally competing existing industries) Infrastructure Labour market education You should also consider to what extent the existing fragmentation of your triple helix is caused by the educational system,
The ICT sector has a major role on the labour market: In 2011 the ICT industry employed 94,800,
as the above results are explained largely by the sheer scale of the labour markets of the countries concerned.
Their most signiicant employer is the business enterprise sector. In Baranya Csongrád and Hajdú-Bihar counties because of academic research in their universities the number of researchers is high. 7393 4120 Budapest 14125 capita (FTE) Apart from Budapest 8894 capita
It helps businesses to adapt to the ongoing changes of the labour market. Therefore, unemployment will be decreased
In particular, its aim is to contribute to the growth of the job market. The European commission in cooperation with the Member States agree on Operational Programmes.
EURES http://ec. europa. eu/eures/home. jsp? lang=en This is a portal comprising of more than 850 advisers providing information,
advice and services such as job matching of job seekers and employers. European Business and Innovation Centre Network (EBN) http://www. ebn. be This is a nongovernmental, pan-European network of more than 200 Business and Innovation Centres and similar organisations.
Sector Q1 2012, based on FÁS Regional Labour market Bulletin 2012 & CSO Figures 21 Table 3. 3 Number of Phd Graduates Midwest Region
Availability of skilled Labour flexibility and adaptability of workforce Attitudes to globalisation Investment incentives These global and European rankings present a snapshot of the current economic and social climate
Large enterprises and foreign direct investment (FDI) are both a significant economic contributor and employer in the Midwest Region. 21 Research & Innovation Strategy for the Midwest Region of Ireland
CSO Business Demography 2011 & MWRA Analysis CSO figures from Q1 2012 indicate that industry was the largest employer in the Midwest Region,
based on FÁS Regional Labour market Bulletin 2012 & CSO Figures 22 The available data indicates that
providing capabilities for employers, information, data, much more like a financial services type of scenario. Technology has always been important to our business,
being funded by a combination of employer and employee contributions to the National Health insurance Fund (NHIF) and of direct allocations from the state budget.
public libraries are an invaluable resource to job seekers. Internet access In public Libraries Supports Agriculture, Romania's Primary Job Sector Public libraries are actively helping the 70%of citizens in rural areas of Romania that are employed in the agriculture sector that accounts for up to 12%of national GDP.
and e-Employment services can be extended to all. Public libraries Connect Older Adults to New Skills and Communities To ensure that older people can fully engage in a digital society,
National Agency for Employment Losing the job 1. The employment agencies are informed by the employers which intend to have certain reorganizations 30 days before the notice of dismissal 2. Submitting a notice of dismissal by the employer to the employees that are to be dismissed 3. The employment agencies
and labour market and the knowledge and technology transfer services (particularly in smart specialisation). Improving the quality, efficiency and openness of tertiary and equivalent education with a view to increasing participation and attainment levels, in particular to disadvantaged groups ERDF,
and matching education and training systems to labour market needs. Rural Development Programme, RDP The priority,
A company-wide electronic data source aims to disseminate employees'professional experience, for example tips for winning a contract, from
client feedback and information on employees'professional experience, such as know-how for winning a contract, can be stored electronically
Forem's Web site provides a meeting place for businesses (e g. job vacancy advertising), a list of training programmes and aids for training.
and/or A&d Technology driven Business value driven Knowledge ownership Knowledge access Product orientation Business model orientation Engineering job Everyone's Job market push-technology driven Market
as a result of the employer's line of work (the work he was agreed, commissioned or ordered to do), or while essentially utilising experience gathered in the employer's service,
the employer may, wholly or in part, claim the right to the invention. The legal precondition is that the use of the invention must be within the employer's line of business.
There is one exception to this rule if the employee was ordered specifically to carry out a specific task.
In certain special circumstances the employer may gain a right to use the invention, even if there is no IPR exclusivity transfer.
The inventor must make a disclosure of the invention to the employer. The employer must claim the right within four months of the disclosure.
The employee has a right to equitable remuneration. Comparing legal principles inventions in employment vs university inventions The acts described above have common features
and partly a common philosophical background too There are however some important differences: it can be said that the University Inventions Act leaves it essentially for the university
in regular employment, the position of the employer is provided stronger the exploitation of the invention belongs to the line of business of the employer.
Roughly speaking, the inventions created in employment belong to the employer in lack of important contradictory arguments.
In modern research and development, the invention is not necessarily a byproduct, but the result of conscious effort to create something new for commercialisation purposes.
The employer is investing and taking risk for the R & D in order to create competitive advantage for business purposes.
In Finland, there is an exception regarding computer programming the IP of computer programming belongs to the employer,
as shown in Figure 2. External stakeholders included residents, police officers, employers, hotel owners, representatives of citizens, scholars etc.
As a result, this project provided free insulation for over 2 million homes as well as employment opportunities for predominantly less skilled workers.
and under to enhance up to 135 000 young Australians with higher qualifications for future labour market demand.
and the increasing contribution of SMES to the global economy in promoting growth and employment opportunities (Bednarzik, 2000;
Vertical conglomerates in countries with rigid labour markets tend to keep obsolete technologies alive for longer periods.
labour market regulation is called into play, as flexible labour markets in the USA facilitate the redeployment of the workforce and then the adoption of innovation much more than in Europe.
We suggest a complementary interpretation, but one which reverses the causal path. It is because the service sector in the USA started to experiment with IT very early
then the policy implication would be somewhat less simplistic than just placing more flexibility in the labour market.
development and innovation system, including through matching the labour market demand through high quality higher education supply, cooperation with the business sector and increased private investment.
Investing in human capital and helping people enter the labour market will be a top priority in Hungary with a focus on issues highlighted in the country specific recommendations.
and training systems in view of ensuring a better match with labour market demand. Vocational education and early childhood care and education also constitute important areas for investment.
631 099 276 0 2 700 708 949 0 0 3 331 808 225 (8) promoting sustainable and quality employment and supporting labour mobility;
***Employer enterprises with fewer than 250 employees. Source: OECD (2009), p. 29. The picture is similar for gazelles.
As regards impeding market regulation, highly regulated labour markets may be an important barrier for companies to grow. 33 As innovation policy advisor Burton Lee states:
Sweden and Norway with traditionally highly regulate labour markets, while Austria, a country with a fairly loose labour market regulation, has only an average share of highgrowth companies (see section 3. 2 above).
Since the European culture is said to favour security, the risk of failure may be an important impediment to start
See also Minniti (2008), p. 787, suggesting that in developed countries labour market reforms may be particularly conducive to support the growth of high-performance ventures. 34 Quotation from INNO-Grips Newsletter October 2010
or the employment level of a country grows if such policies are applied. This means that if the government spends no funds at all on one type of policy,
SMES account for 99%of all enterprises and 88%of all employers. The traditional Korean policy perception of SMES is that they are need weak
***Employer enterprises with fewer than 250 employees. Source: OECD (2009), p. 29. The picture is similar for gazelles.
As regards impeding market regulation, highly regulated labour markets may be an important barrier for companies to grow. 33 As innovation policy advisor Burton Lee states:
Sweden and Norway with traditionally highly regulate labour markets, while Austria, a country with a fairly loose labour market regulation, has only an average share of highgrowth companies (see section 3. 2 above).
Since the European culture is said to favour security, the risk of failure may be an important impediment to start
See also Minniti (2008), p. 787, suggesting that in developed countries labour market reforms may be particularly conducive to support the growth of high-performance ventures. 34 Quotation from INNO-Grips Newsletter October 2010
or the employment level of a country grows if such policies are applied. This means that if the government spends no funds at all on one type of policy,
SMES account for 99%of all enterprises and 88%of all employers. The traditional Korean policy perception of SMES is that they are need weak
'It'is'also'affects'the'attractiveness'of'the'public'sector'as'an'employer.''In'our'research,'we'also'paid'attention'to'followers,'late'adopters'and'laggards,
'The'latter'is implemented'through'decentralized'negotiations'between'employers'and'unions'at'the'organizational'level.''Yet,'the'legislation'has'to,
employers,!, employees! and! teleworkers.!Within! this! general! framework! telework! relationships! can! be! then! arranged! in!
employers'!'premises.''''Last,'interqinstitutional'dynamics'(e g.''topqdown'pressures'and'positive'imitation)' are'influential'for'upscaling'telework'in'the'case'of'followers,'late (adopters,'laggards'and'non>adopters.'
'This'implies'the'establishment'of'clear'rules,'rights'and'duties'for'employers,'employees'and'teleworkers.'
'while'also'making'clear'arrangements'with respect to'the'time'that'has'to'be spent'at'the'employers''premises.'
other labour market data relate to 2012, or were taken from census findings for 2011. We also deploy a number of regional econometric methods, the findings
statutory benefit and contributions paid by the employer into various funds; social welfare contributions paid under a collective agreement, sectoral agreement or ad hoc work contract;
and indeed is even more important than other labour market indicators. In this chapter we will therefore analyse in detail some of the available employment indicators in a breakdown by county,
however, part of the explanation must be that in highly developed regions there are many more job seekers with a degree, not to mention the brain drain phenomenon,
and communities to reduce distance from employment services and leisure facilities and to make better use of existing and future investments in public services,
and progressing of social and economic policies as well as a productive and competitive economy and the availability of rewarding employment opportunities.
The growth and development of these towns are influenced greatly by the availability of services and employment opportunities in the city.
and ensuring an effective supply of employment opportunities and services. This enables areas to hold on to existing population, both urban and rural,
To provide a wider range of sustainable employment opportunities that would reflect both the current and future ranges of skills;
and cultural life, coupled with broad employment opportunities and a wide range of services including education,
and are significant employers and exporters. Although the performance of the region in terms of High-Potential Start-up (HPSU) companies has been comparatively low,
A realistic plan with achievable targets can provide many benefits for employers, employees and to members of the wider community.
Plan guidance should be sought from‘The Route to Sustainable Commuting An Employer's Guide to Mobility Management Plans'issued by the Dublin Transportation Office.
and cultural life coupled with broad employment opportunities and a wide range of services including education, healthcare,
and supporting labour mobility. 9. Promoting social inclusion and combating poverty. 10. Investing in education, training and vocational training for skills and lifelong learning. 11.
and support labour mobility 7. To promote sustainable transport and remove bottlenecks in key network infrastructure 9. To promote social inclusion and combat poverty 10.
and supporting labour mobility. 9. Promoting social inclusion and combating poverty. 10. Investing in education, training and vocational training for skills and lifelong learning. 11.
and support labour mobility 7. To promote sustainable transport and remove bottlenecks in key network infrastructure 9. To promote social inclusion and combat poverty 10.
and Social enterprises also provide employment opportunities and contribute to the social fabric of local communities,
and Social enterprises also provide employment opportunities and contribute to the social fabric of local communities,
Attractiveness of working conditions for researchers compared with other employment opportunities; facilitated mobility of research and innovation personnel between the public and the private sector.
context conditions for the operation of the cluster, labour market situation, etc. It also involves an analysis of the linkages between the cluster and other clusters or industries,
providing new employment opportunities for specific categories of the population, combating social divide, etc. These justifications go much beyond the alleged classical benefits of innovation for job and economic value creation.
and networking of local stakeholders to implementing active labour market policies. For the next programming period social innovation is treated in a horizontal way in the ESF regulation.
But it does not help explain how falling employment levels could coincide with a very tight regional labor market.
as well as its fall in employment levels. While the comparator group of similar regions also experienced strong decline in employment levels over this period
this process came along with a high and growing unemployment rate, at more than twice the level of the West.
In addition, demographic and migration trends also help to understand falling employment levels despite increases in productivity and low rates of unemployment.
and capturing greater employment opportunities. By contrast, in the Timis-Arad agglomeration, the challenge is managing the transition toward a more knowledge and skills intensive basis for competitiveness.
The auto industry is by far the biggest employer in the region among manufacturing sectors with an importance in terms of total employment that is similar (17%)to the combined share (16.8%)of employment represented by all the other manufacturing sectors
This will require investments to improve the links between universities (as well as vocational training facilities) and employers.
It is still one of the biggest employers and contributors to Tax incentives, subsidies and better financing terms on productive investments,
and, ii) strengthening the capacity of vocational training providers to deliver attractive and high-quality education and training programs in correlation with labour market demands, especially for sectors with significant growth potential,
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